2013 Session: 212

• Sustainable Pavement Maintenance and Preservation Practices: Review of Current Practice
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to report on the state-of-the-practice in sustainable pavement maintenance and preservation. This paper is concerned and directed at understanding how pavement maintenance and preservation practices minimize environmental impacts. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) differentiates between pavement preservation and pavement maintenance and uses this to allocate federal funds accordingly. While Canadian agencies recognize and practice the concepts of pavement preservation, there is no regulatory differentiation between it and maintenance as compared to the United States (U.S). Pavement preservation promotes environmental sustainability by conserving energy, virgin materials, and reducing greehouse gases by keeping good roads good. Therefore, the foundation of a sustainable pavement maintenance program is to commit personnel and resources to pavement preservation. Currently, public agencies in the U.S. and Canada have done very little to extend the knowledge gained from research and practice in sustainable highway project delivery beyond construction completion and into the pavement preservation and maintenance phase of the road's life cycle. Thus, there are many opportunities for future research and enormous potential for agencies to accrue benefits in this area of practice. Treatments identified in this paper are primarily related to preservation and maintenance. However, these are not exclusive to preservation and maintenance and can be used in pavement rehabiliation.
  Authors: Tighe, Susan Louise; Gransberg, Douglas D.
  Authors: Tighe, Susan Louise; Gransberg, Douglas D.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Maintenance and Preservation; Pavements
  Session: 212
  Paper Number: 13-0728
• Survival Analysis of Thin Overlay and Chip Seal Treatments Using Long-Term Pavement Performance Data
  Abstract: Pavement preservation treatments are widely used to retard future deterioration, and maintain and improve the functional condition of the system, without substantially increasing pavement structural capacity. This paper provides an empirical assessment of the longevity of two commonly used preservation treatments for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements: thin overlay (0.5 in. to 2 in. in thickness) and chip seal. The data used in this study were extracted from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database and covered 40 States and eight Canadian Provinces. Failure curves (also called survival curves) and mathematical models were developed for these treatment types to estimate their life expectancies and probability of failure at any given age or carried cumulative traffic loading. To account for the effect of climate on treatment performance, separate failure curves were developed for four climatic zones ? dry freeze, dry non-freeze, wet freeze, and wet non-freeze. The median life expectancy is 7 to 9.5 years for thin overlays and 3.5 to 10 years for chip seals, depending on which climatic zone the treatment is located in. In terms of traffic loading, the median life expectancy is 1,500 to 8,000 cumulative KESALs for thin overlays and 500 to 2,000 cumulative KESALs for chip seals, depending on the climatic zone of the treatment [1 KESALs = 1,000 equivalent single-axle load (ESAL)]. The wide range in treatment life expectancy among the four climatic zones signifies the effect of climate on the performance of thin overlays and chip seals.
  Authors: Liu, Litao; Gharaibeh, Nasir G.
  Authors: Liu, Litao; Gharaibeh, Nasir G.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Maintenance and Preservation; Pavements
  Session: 212
  Paper Number: 13-0826
• Evaluating Worst-First and Benefit-Cost Analysis Approaches for Prioritizing Infrastructure Maintenance and Rehabilitation Activities under Various Budgetary Scenarios
  Abstract: Infrastructure maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) projects are commonly prioritized using the worst-first (W-F) and benefit-cost analysis (BCA) approaches. While many acknowledge the inherent disadvantages of the W-F approach over the BCA approach, many transportation and public works agencies still use the W-F approach. This paper compares the W-F and BCA approaches in terms of their impact on network condition (specifically, lane-miles in good condition and backlog) under various budgetary scenarios. These comparisons are motivated by the premise that under certain budget allocation and availability scenarios, the shortcomings of the W-F approach may be abated. The analysis presented in this paper uses highway pavement network data from the Bryan district of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Bryan district is located in east central Texas (wet-warm climate and generally poor subgrade). In 2011, this network consisted of approximately 3,178 centerline miles. The results suggest that when maintenance and rehabilitation share a single combined budget, the W-F approach is dramatically less effective than the BCA approach in improving the network condition and reducing backlog. However, when the M&R budget is divided into two separate budgets (one for maintenance and one for rehabilitation), the disadvantages of the W-F approach diminish.
  Authors: Menendez, Jose Rafael; Zabihi, Salar; Narciso, Paul John Ross; Gharaibeh, Nasir G.
  Authors: Menendez, Jose Rafael; Zabihi, Salar; Narciso, Paul John Ross; Gharaibeh, Nasir G.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Maintenance and Preservation; Pavements
  Session: 212
  Paper Number: 13-2895
• Relative Benefit of Chip Seal in Different Climatic Conditions Based on Initial Pavement Roughness
  Abstract:

  Pavement preservation is the practice of selecting and applying maintenance activities in order to extend pavement life, enhance performance, and ensure cost effectiveness. Pavement preservation methods should be applied before pavements display significant amounts of environmental distress. Optimal timing of pavement preservation means that the given maintenance treatment is applied so that it will extend the life of the roadway for the longest possible period with the minimum cost. This document examines the long-term effectiveness of chip seal treatment in four climatic zones in the United States. The Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database was used to extract roughness and traffic data, as well as the maintenance and rehabilitation histories of treated and untreated sections. The sections were categorized into smooth, medium, and rough pavements, based upon initial condition as indicated by the International Roughness Index (IRI). Pavement performance of treated and untreated sections was collectively modeled using exponential regression analysis. Effectiveness was evaluated in terms of life extension, relative benefit, and benefit-cost ratio. The results of the study verified the assumption that treated sections performed better than untreated sections. The life extension, relative benefit, and benefit cost ratio were highest for sections whose initial condition is smooth at the time of treatment. These same measures of effectiveness are lowest for pavements whose condition is rough at the time of treatment. Chip seal treatment effectiveness showed no correlation to climatic conditions or to traffic levels.

  Authors: Dosa, Matild; Mamlouk, Michael S.
  Authors: Dosa, Matild; Mamlouk, Michael S.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Maintenance and Preservation; Pavements
  Session: 212
  Paper Number: 13-2314
• Survival Analysis of Thin Overlay and Chip Seal Treatments Using Long-Term Pavement Performance Data
  Authors: Gharaibeh, Nasir
  Authors: Gharaibeh, Nasir
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Maintenance and Preservation; Pavements
  Session: 212
  Paper Number: 13-0826
• Sustainable Pavement Maintenance and Preservation Practices: Review of Current Practice
  Authors: Tighe, Susan
  Authors: Tighe, Susan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Maintenance and Preservation; Pavements
  Session: 212
  Paper Number: 13-0728
• Evaluating Worst-First and Benefit-Cost Analysis Approaches for Prioritizing Infrastructure Maintenance and Rehabilitation Activities under Various Budgetary Scenarios
  Authors: Menendez, Jose
  Authors: Menendez, Jose
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Maintenance and Preservation; Pavements
  Session: 212
  Paper Number: 13-2895
• Relative Benefit of Chip Seal in Different Climatic Conditions Based on Initial Pavement Roughness
  Authors: Mamlouk, Michael
  Authors: Mamlouk, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Maintenance and Preservation; Pavements
  Session: 212
  Paper Number: 13-2314
• Evaluating Worst-First and Benefit-Cost Analysis Approaches for Prioritizing Infrastructure Maintenance and Rehabilitation Activities under Various Budgetary Scenarios
  Authors: Gharaibeh, Nasir
  Authors: Gharaibeh, Nasir
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Maintenance and Preservation; Pavements
  Session: 212
  Paper Number: 13-2895