2013 Session: 260

• Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Scanning to Identify Debonding Conditions Between Hot-Mix Asphalt Layers in Pavements
  Abstract: This paper presents a recently developed system used for condition assessment of hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements to detect debonding between layers of HMA pavements. The study was partly funded by the SHRP2 (R06D) research project titled “Nondestructive Testing to Identify Delaminations between HMA Layers” through the National Center for Asphalt Technologies (NCAT). The objective of the study was to develop a reliable technique to determine internal condition of HMA pavements including debonding conditions between each layer. An Impact Echo and Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Scanner (IE/SASW Scanner) prototype (originally developed for condition assessment of bridge decks) with up to three pairs of transducer wheels using Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves scanning was employed in this project. This paper includes background of the development of the IE/SASW Scanner and a case study performed on HMA pavements of known conditions at the NCAT Pavement Test Track. The research investigation was performed as a “blind” study, with the actual known pavement conditions revealed to the research team after initial data analysis and reporting of detected delamination conditions was completed.
  Authors: Tinkey, Yajai; Miller, Patrick K.; Olson, Larry Duane; Heitzman, Michael
  Authors: Tinkey, Yajai; Miller, Patrick K.; Olson, Larry Duane; Heitzman, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 260
  Paper Number: 13-2990
• Development and Initial Testing of Total Pavement Acceptance Device
  Abstract: A new, multi-function pavement testing device has been developed by a joint effort between the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), the Center for Transportation Research (CTR) at the University of Texas at Austin (UT) and the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) at Texas A&M University. This new device is called the Total Pavement Acceptance Device (TPAD). The objective of TPAD testing is to nondestructively and nonintrusively investigate the total pavement’s structural adequacy. The multiple functions of the TPAD presently include the following measurement capabilities: (1) rolling dynamic deflectometer (RDD), (2) ground penetrating radar (GPR), (3) global positioning system (GPS), (4) pavement surface temperature, (5) digital video imaging of pavement and right-of-way conditions, and (6) longitudinal survey offsets through a distance measurement instrument (DMI). The TPAD is designed to perform continuous measurements at speeds around 3.2 to 4.8 km/hr (2 to 3 mph), with increased speeds planned in future developments. The main developmental efforts have focused on developing: (1) a moving platform with precise speed control in the range of 0.8 to 16 km/hr (0.5 to 10 mph), (2) automated RDD pavement loading and deflection sensing systems, (3) an improved analysis scheme for processing RDD deflection data on the fly over incremental distances of 6 to 30 cm (0.2 to 1 ft) and (4) a new data collection system that integrates the results from all measurement functions and displays them in real time. Descriptions of the equipment and example sets of continuous RDD pavement deflections and GPR evaluations are presented.
  Authors: Stokoe II, Kenneth H.; Lee, Jung-Su; Nam, Boo Hyun; Scullion, Tom; Liu, Wenting; Leidy, Joe; Claros, German J.
  Authors: Stokoe II, Kenneth H.; Lee, Jung-Su; Nam, Boo Hyun; Scullion, Tom; Liu, Wenting; Leidy, Joe; Claros, German J.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 260
  Paper Number: 13-5040
• Subsurface Joint Deterioration Detection: MnROAD Blind Test Comparison of Ultrasound Array Technology with Conventional Nondestructive Methods
  Abstract: This paper presents the results of a blind test evaluation of various nondestructive testing techniques including well established methods such as chain dragging, rod sounding, and GPR as compared to an emerging ultrasonic array technology in determining the extent of the concrete joint deterioration. Nondestructive testing at two concrete pavement joints at MnROAD was performed and the results were independently evaluated and submitted to MnDOT. Significant discrepancies in subsurface deterioration assessments were observed among these techniques. Forensic evaluation (trenching and coring) were utilized to resolve the discrepancies in test results. It was concluded that the ultrasound array analysis was the only method able to accurately determine the horizontal extent of the deterioration otherwise undetected by the other available nondestructive evaluation methods. Additionally, ultrasonic tomography analysis was able to determine the depth of the deterioration. This makes this emerging technology an attractive alternative to traditional NDT methods for concrete pavement joint assessment.
  Authors: Hoegh, Kyle; Khazanovich, Lev; Worel, Benjamin James; Yu, H. Thomas
  Authors: Hoegh, Kyle; Khazanovich, Lev; Worel, Benjamin James; Yu, H. Thomas
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 260
  Paper Number: 13-2048
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Optimal Averaging and Localized Weak Spot Identification for Traffic Speed Deflectometer Deflection Slope Measurements
  Abstract: One of the main difficulties that arise during the analysis of continuous deflection measurements is how to reduce the measurement variability (noise) without smoothing out important features and therefore adversely affecting the true spatial variability. So far, no objective method to reduce the noise without affecting the true spatial variability has been proposed. In this paper, we propose using the smoothing spline determined by minimizing the generalized cross-validation (GCV) criteria to denoise Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) deflection slope measurements. The GCV criteria finds the optimal trade-off between variance and bias so that the estimated smoothing spline gives the “best” smoothing fit (weighted moving average fit), in terms of minimum mean square error with respect to the true deflection slope values. Furthermore, the smoothing spline fit allows the construction of a confidence interval for the true deflection slope as well as the use of outlier detection methods to identify localized weak spots such as those due to cracks or weak joints in jointed concrete sections. In each case, the distribution and standard deviation of the measurement error is needed. We show that TSD measurement error distribution is well represented by a normal distribution and use an outlier robust method to evaluate this standard deviation. Example data analysis are given using (1) computer generated data to simulate smoothly varying deflection slope profile as well as homogeneous profiles with localized weak spots and (2) actual TSD deflection slope measurements. The presented results show that much more can be done with measurements form continuous deflection devices.
  Authors: Katicha, Samer Wehbe; Flintsch, Gerardo W.; Ferne, Brian Walter
  Authors: Katicha, Samer Wehbe; Flintsch, Gerardo W.; Ferne, Brian Walter
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 260
  Paper Number: 13-4114
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Subsurface Joint Deterioration Detection: MnROAD Blind Test Comparison of Ultrasound Array Technology with Conventional Nondestructive Methods
  Authors: Hoegh, Kyle
  Authors: Hoegh, Kyle
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 260
  Paper Number: 13-2048
• Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Scanning to Identify Debonding Conditions Between Hot-Mix Asphalt Layers in Pavements
  Authors: Olson, Larry
  Authors: Olson, Larry
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 260
  Paper Number: 13-2990
• Optimal Averaging and Localized Weak Spot Identification for Traffic Speed Deflectometer Deflection Slope Measurements
  Authors: Katicha, Samer
  Authors: Katicha, Samer
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 260
  Paper Number: 13-4114
• Development and Initial Testing of Total Pavement Acceptance Device
  Authors: Stokoe II, Kenneth
  Authors: Stokoe II, Kenneth
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 260
  Paper Number: 13-5040
• Development and Initial Testing of Total Pavement Acceptance Device
  Authors: Lee, Jung-Su
  Authors: Lee, Jung-Su
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 260
  Paper Number: 13-5040