2013 Session: 286

• Compressive Stress-Strain Behavior of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Using Local Materials
  Abstract: As the U.S. faces the challenge of its aging infrastructure, considerations of sustainability and durability to protect the environment, while providing confidence in the mitigation of natural and man-made hazards, must be a priority. Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) has several benefits that provide solutions to these current challenges. With its high compressive strengths, improved tensile strength, and toughness, UHPC offers many advantages including: reduced material quantities; smaller geometry of members; and improved durability; all while increasing the safety and security of the structure. With these characteristics, UHPC is an innovative material that has the potential to influence structural design in the transportation industry domestically and globally.The use of this material has been limited by a lack of design codes and the high cost associated with the material. At New Mexico State University, more economical mixture proportions using materials local to the region have been developed. To better understand the material and aid in the development of design tools, the material properties of the UHPC using local materials were investigated. Cube specimens were tested in compression to determine the stress-strain relationship and the modulus of elasticity for the UHPC using local materials. The results were compared to three equations from literature to estimate the modulus of elasticity of UHPC based on compressive strength. It was observed that the local material constituents play a significant role in the concrete compressive strength and material properties for UHPC using local materials.
  Authors: Guaderrama, Lucas Rivas; Weldon, Brad
  Authors: Guaderrama, Lucas Rivas; Weldon, Brad
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-3339
• Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Creep and Shrinkage Behavior of Self-consolidating Concrete
  Abstract: Self Consolidating Concrete (SCC) is concrete material that is finding its to structural applications such as prestressed concrete girders, columns, etc., due to its excellent surface finish and less reliance on labor for the proper consolidation. However, the creep and shrinkage properties of SCC containing supplementary cementitious material, such as silica fume (SF), Fly Ash (FA) or slag (SL), are based on limited research. There is a need for comprehensive testing and evaluation of SCC mixes in order to be able to determine their properties for use in structural design applications.This paper presents results of study to evaluate the effect of the supplementary cementitious materials and different cement contents on the creep and shrinkage behaviors of self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Four different groups of SCC mixes were evaluated. The first group consists of three SCC mixes containing 3, 5 and 10% SF. The second group consists of three SCC mixes containing 10, 20 and 30% FA. The third group consists of SCC mixes containing 10, 20 and 30% SL and the last group consists of SCC mixes containing 800, 850 and 900 lbs of cement. Results show that high volumes of SF and SL as well as low amount of cement content reduced the creep while high volume of FA reduced the shrinkage of SCC. On the other hand, it was observed that a high volume of SF increases the shrinkage of SCC. In addition, the experimental creep and shrinkage results were compared to the predicted results obtained from the ACI 209 and CEB code models as well as B3 and GL2000 analytical models. According to the results, B3 and GL2000 analytical models were the best models to fit the experimental creep and shrinkage results for SCC.
  Authors: Nassif, Hani; El-Khoury, Raymond
  Authors: Nassif, Hani; El-Khoury, Raymond
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-4438
• Evaluation of Drilled Shafts with Self-consolidating Concrete
  Abstract: In this study, drilled shafts with self-consolidating concrete (SCC) were prepared and tested using cross-hole sonic logging (CSL). SCC has very high workability. It was placed in the drilled shafts of the bridge on Route 28 over Broad Run in Bristow in Prince William County, Virginia. During placement, properties of the fresh concrete were tested and specimens were prepared to determine the hardened properties. The integrity of the bridge shafts within the reinforcing cage was determined using CSL. Another sonic method, the sonic echo/impulse response (SE/IR) was used to evaluate several test shafts. Also, the use of acousto-ultrasonic (AU) measurements to determine the cover depth outside the reinforcing cage was evaluated during laboratory testing. The results indicated that SCC is highly desirable for drilled shafts; it flows easily, filling the hole, and the removal of the temporary casing is facilitated by this highly workable material. CSL is a satisfactory nondestructive method to determine the integrity of shafts. SE/IR also showed promise as a method that complements CSL for determining the integrity of a shaft. AU test was promising in the laboratory, but needs further development for implementation in the field.
  Authors: Ozyildirim, Celik; Sharp, Stephen R.
  Authors: Ozyildirim, Celik; Sharp, Stephen R.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-1086
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Isothermal Calorimetry as a Tool to Evaluate Early-Age Performance of Fly-Ash Mixtures
  Abstract: This paper documents the use of an isothermal calorimeter as scanning tool to evaluate early age behavior of high volume fly ash (HVFA) mixtures. A series of paste and mortar mixtures containing different fly ashes (one Class C fly ash and two Class F fly ashes) with replacement levels ranging from 20% to 60%, with high and low alkali cement were evaluated. Materials testing included ASTM C109, compressive strength of mortar cubes at different ages; ASTM C1437, flow; ASTM C403, time of setting and ASTM C1679, isothermal calorimetry. In most cases, for the same water-binder ratio (0.40) and replacement level, Class C fly ash mixtures exhibited higher strength but delayed setting when compared with Class F fly ash mixtures. Isothermal calorimetry proved to be a good scanning tool for prediction of setting time, early age compressive strength and identifying materials incompatibility.
  Authors: Tanesi, Jussara; Ardani, Ahmad Allen
  Authors: Tanesi, Jussara; Ardani, Ahmad Allen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-1987
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Effect of Temperature-Time History on Concrete Strength in Mass Concrete Structures
  Abstract: Concrete maturity method is a popular non-destructive testing method to estimate in-place strength development of concrete structures. Many state highway agencies adopted procedures for using maturity method to obtain better quality control while monitoring in-place strength development in real time. In this study, maturity method was used to estimate in-place strength of large concrete placements. Four 6-foot cube blocks were constructed in four different locations and calibration curves for those concrete mixtures were established using 6x12 inch cylinder specimens collected from the construction site. Temperature sensors were embedded in specific locations throughout the depth of the cubes, and the equivalent age of the in-place concrete was calculated. 4-inch diameter core samples, with 6-foot in length, were taken from the cubes at four-day after construction and the core strengths were compared with the predicted strengths using maturity. In addition, activation energy values were determined in the laboratory and used for equivalent age calculations as recommended in ASTM C 1074. According to the test results, the concrete top surface strength prediction is always higher than the actual core strength. For three cube constructions, core results from mid-section were close to the predicted strengths and core results from the bottom section were higher than the predicted values. Results show that in-place concrete strength is being influenced by several factors other than temperature, including the location of the sample in the structure, lack of compaction quality, higher air content and in-situ water-cement ratio, so that establishing a reliable maturity and in-place strength relationship is rather difficult within given circumstances. The results of this study provide useful information to examine the accuracy of the maturity method used in the estimation of in-place concrete strength in large structures.
  Authors: Yikici, Tahsin Alper; Chen, Roger H. L.
  Authors: Yikici, Tahsin Alper; Chen, Roger H. L.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-4969
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Evaluation of Drilled Shafts with Self-consolidating Concrete
  Authors: Sharp, Stephen
  Authors: Sharp, Stephen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-1086
• Comparison Between Shear Strength of Chemically Based Self-consolidating Concrete and Conventional Concrete
  Authors: Arezoumandi, Mahdi
  Authors: Arezoumandi, Mahdi
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-2082
• Compressive Stress-Strain Behavior of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Using Local Materials
  Authors: Guaderrama, Lucas
  Authors: Guaderrama, Lucas
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-3339
• Effect of Temperature-Time History on Concrete Strength in Mass Concrete Structures
  Authors: Yikici, Tahsin
  Keywords: scientific; research; template; custom; poster; presentation; symposium; printing; PowerPoint; create; design; example; sample; download
  Authors: Yikici, Tahsin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-4969
• Effect of Temperature-Time History on Concrete Strength in Mass Concrete Structures
  Authors: Chen, Roger
  Keywords: scientific; research; template; custom; poster; presentation; symposium; printing; PowerPoint; create; design; example; sample; download
  Authors: Chen, Roger
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-4969
• Comparison Between Shear Strength of Chemically Based Self-consolidating Concrete and Conventional Concrete
  Abstract:

  An experimental investigation was conducted to study the shear strength of full-scale beams constructed with both chemically-based self-consolidating concrete (SCC) and conventional concrete (CC). This experimental program consisted of 16 beams (12 without shear reinforcing and four with shear reinforcing in the form of stirrups). Additionally, three different longitudinal reinforcement ratios were evaluated within the test matrix. The beams were tested under a simply supported four-point loading condition. The experimental shear strengths of the beams were compared with the shear provisions of both U.S. and international design codes (U.S. [ACI-318 and AASHTO LRFD], Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan) as well as a shear database of CC specimens. Furthermore, statistical data analyses (both parametric and non-parametric) were performed to evaluate whether or not there is any statistically significant difference between the shear strength of the SCC and the CC beams. Results of these statistical tests show there is no significant difference between the shear strength of the SCC and CC for the beams tested in this investigation.

  Authors: Arezoumandi, Mahdi; Volz, Jeffrey
  Authors: Arezoumandi, Mahdi; Volz, Jeffrey
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 286
  Paper Number: 13-2082