2013 Session: 325

• Integrated Transportation Payment System Security and Privacy Breaches: Extent of the Problem and Simulated Case Study
  Abstract: This research investigates the security and privacy breaches of electronic Integrated Transportation Payment Systems, ITPS, via Radio-Frequency Identification, RFID, tags and smart cards, their frequency of occurrence and type. This National Science Foundation, NSF, funded study has created a website that collects news events reporting breaches worldwide and automatically categorizes them by various characteristics, including five defined categories for security types of breaches and five categories of privacy breaches. A preliminary statistical analysis reports the existing extent of the problem in electronic ITPS.A second objective requires investigation of the impact on traffic operations due to the adoption of security protection measures or software algorithms. One case study, a toll collection facility on the Massachusetts Turnpike is simulated in PTV Vision VISSIM traffic software for various transaction times. This ITPS is a ticketing tolling payment system located on the I-90 east-west Turnpike in Massachusetts, USA. Simulations were performed with and without added times at the point of the payment transaction. Initial results indicate that the impact on operations is negligible for security measures that add milliseconds of transaction time. However, for added transaction times in a range of seconds, the impact is more significant.
  Authors: Zarrillo, Marguerite; El Lazkani, Elia; Prairie, David; Spilhaus, Tyler
  Authors: Zarrillo, Marguerite; El Lazkani, Elia; Prairie, David; Spilhaus, Tyler
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Data and Information Technology; Policy
  Session: 325
  Paper Number: 13-0650
• Longitudinal GPS Travel Data and Breach of Privacy via Enhanced Spatial and Demographic Analysis
  Abstract: Longitudinal GPS travel data provide a wealth of information related to travel behavior and on-road vehicle behavior that are very valuable to researchers. Sharing the data publicly allows researchers to explore the data and create new knowledge beyond the initial research objectives. However, if any data are to be used outside of a secure server, the data must be processed in such a manner that ensures the confidentiality of the data will not be breached. High resolution GPS data (e.g. second-by-second speed and location information), when associated with the individual households or drivers, compromises privacy and have a significant potential to harm human subjects. This paper explores how data from the Commute Atlanta Study could be processed to make it useful to researchers while protecting the privacy of the participants. The research developed and assessed methodologies designed to identify the individual participants’ home location from processed data and then tested analytical datasets for breach of privacy.The research effort found that the home location can be identified to within reasonably small neighborhoods and when the household demographic information are included within the datasets (which is necessary for researchers) exact households can be identified. While there may be some new data processing approaches that could be used to eliminate privacy concerns, until such systems are developed and proven to be not breachable through rigorous analysis, the Georgia Tech team has determined that researchers should access the high-resolution data within controlled secure labs and that the datasets should not be made public without undertaking additional efforts to ensure that home locations cannot be identified when external data sources are leveraged in the analyses.
  Authors: Elango, Vetri Venthan; Khoeini, Sara; Xu, Yanzhi; Guensler, Randall
  Authors: Elango, Vetri Venthan; Khoeini, Sara; Xu, Yanzhi; Guensler, Randall
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Data and Information Technology; Policy
  Session: 325
  Paper Number: 13-0820
• Privacy Protection Method for Fine-Grained Urban Traffic Modeling Using Mobile Sensors
  Abstract: Privacy in transportation is controversial and under-studied. With the ubiquitous applications of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies, privacy issues in transportation are becoming increasingly important and need to be addressed carefully. As a well-known trade-off, data needs and privacy protection should be deliberately balanced for different applications. This paper focuses on developing privacy mechanisms to simultaneously satisfy privacy protection and modeling needs for fine-grained urban traffic modeling using mobile sensors. To accomplish this, a virtual trip lines (VTL) zone-based system and related filtering approaches are developed. Traffic-knowledge-based adversary models are proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of such system by making privacy attacks. The results show that besides ensuring an acceptable level of privacy, the released datasets from such privacy-enhancing system can also be applied to traffic applications with satisfactory performance. Albeit application specific, such “Privacy-by-Design” approach would hopefully shed some light on other applications.
  Authors: Sun, Zhanbo; Zan, Bin; Ban, Xuegang (Jeff); Gruteser, Marco
  Authors: Sun, Zhanbo; Zan, Bin; Ban, Xuegang (Jeff); Gruteser, Marco
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Data and Information Technology; Policy
  Session: 325
  Paper Number: 13-3144
• Ethical and Legal Issues Relating to Government Agencies and Intelligent Transportation Systems Data
  Abstract: The convergence of sensing, wireless telecommunications, and multi-media platforms have provided new opportunities for the development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). These systems can provide real-time information to travelers and transportation agencies. As well as increase the overall efficiency and improve the management of the transportation network. While ITS applications, including those derived from connected vehicle technology, can enhance mobility, increase safety, and improve the environmental performance of the transportation system, they also raise legal and ethical questions about privacy, anonymity, and other concerns related to use of ITS data. As a prerequisite to deployment of ITS technologies, issues regarding the collection, management, and use of data must be addressed to the satisfaction of all parties, including government agencies, businesses, and private citizens. This paper summarizes the legal environment surrounding ITS, as well as controls used by agencies and industry to ensure ethical practices relating to ITS. Next, it describes specific ITS applications and discusses several issues relating to government involvement with ITS applications and data. Finally, the paper outlines specific recommendations for ITS planners and developers. These recommendations address determining system attributes and requirements while considering ethical implications and tradeoffs; resolving acceptance, adoption, and equity issues; and designing a system for the ethical governance and management of ITS and the information they create.
  Authors: Wallace, Richard; Hong, Qiang
  Authors: Wallace, Richard; Hong, Qiang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Data and Information Technology; Policy
  Session: 325
  Paper Number: 13-4295
• Integrated Transportation Payment System Security and Privacy Breaches: Extent of the Problem and Simulated Case Study
  Authors: Zarrillo, Marguerite
  Authors: Zarrillo, Marguerite
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Data and Information Technology; Policy
  Session: 325
  Paper Number: 13-0650
• Longitudinal GPS Travel Data and Breach of Privacy via Enhanced Spatial and Demographic Analysis
  Authors: Elango, Vetri Venthan
  Authors: Elango, Vetri Venthan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Data and Information Technology; Policy
  Session: 325
  Paper Number: 13-0820
• Ethical and Legal Issues Relating to Government Agencies and Intelligent Transportation Systems Data
  Authors: Wallace, Richard
  Authors: Wallace, Richard
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Data and Information Technology; Policy
  Session: 325
  Paper Number: 13-4295
• Ethical and Legal Issues Relating to Government Agencies and Intelligent Transportation Systems Data
  Authors: Hong, Qiang
  Authors: Hong, Qiang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Data and Information Technology; Policy
  Session: 325
  Paper Number: 13-4295
• Privacy Protection Method for Fine-Grained Urban Traffic Modeling Using Mobile Sensors
  Authors: Sun, Zhanbo
  Authors: Sun, Zhanbo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Data and Information Technology; Policy
  Session: 325
  Paper Number: 13-3144