2013 Session: 342

• Marine Highway Stakeholders and Their Relations
  Abstract: This work considers the US Marine Highway operators and their Stakeholders as a market place for trading resources to create value. Resources are defined herein as anything desired by one stakeholder that can be traded in some relevant sense with another stakeholder in control of the resource(s) desired. The influence exerted by a Stakeholder group is considered as a proxy for the value/criticality of the resource held by the Stakeholder group. A survey of the Stakeholders reveals peers as the most dominant influence among Shippers, Environmental Advocates, Regulators and Transportation Providers. Only Suppliers exhibit a distinct dominance of the influence of their customers over that of their peers. A Stakeholder map shows how the various Stakeholder groups influence each other. This snapshot of Stakeholder relationships is a powerful tool for both businesses as well as Regulators in their pursuit of achieving their objectives in a network centric environment. Generally, this contributes to understanding the underlying dynamics of a changing value-advantage in the current and coming decades of shipping.
  Authors: Mokashi, Amit Jayant; Corbett, James J.
  Authors: Mokashi, Amit Jayant; Corbett, James J.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-2273
• Abating CO2 and SOx Emissions from Container Shipping: the Articulation Between Deep Sea Shipping and Feedering in Sulfur Emission Control Areas
  Abstract: This paper deals with the impacts on the container shipping markets of two future environmental policies aimed at reducing ship-based emissions: the low-sulfur fuel requirements from MARPOL in Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECA) and a European market-based instrument on CO2 emissions. Two regulatory scenarios are defined as well as a cost model for liner services. The paper assesses the cost implications as of 2018 of sulfur and CO2 policies for a typical North Europe-Asia service, and two feeder lines in North Europe, articulated with this transcontinental service through transshipments. The results are examined through a comparative evaluation of the impacts of these policies on deep sea shipping and feedering, depending on the options of compliance to the low-sulfur fuel requirements. A discussion on the possible strategies of reorganization of the container maritime networks to deal with these environmental extra costs leads to the conclusion that avoiding SECAs and CO2 scope for transcontinental routes and extending the feeder route to capitalize on the savings from scrubbing in SECAs might rarely prove cost-effective.
  Authors: Doudnikoff, Marjorie; Lacoste, Romuald
  Authors: Doudnikoff, Marjorie; Lacoste, Romuald
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-2435
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Assessing Sensitivity of Transportation Assets to Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change
  Abstract: Transportation officials are increasingly faced with challenging decisions regarding how to design, plan, and manage infrastructure to confront changes in climate and extreme weather events. Understanding which impacts affect infrastructure and at what point damage begins to occur is a critical step towards assessing overall vulnerability and risk. However, few resources exist to help managers and designers identify key thresholds and indicators of sensitivity to weather and climate impacts. This paper introduces the Sensitivity Matrix, a tool developed for the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Gulf Coast Phase 2 adaptation pilot project in Mobile, Alabama. The Matrix is an important step toward a more comprehensive understanding of relationships between climate and transportation. Transportation planners can use this Matrix to screen for assets that are particularly sensitive and, therefore, potentially vulnerable to climate change. Where possible, it includes key thresholds at which damage may be observed. This resource can assist the transportation community in conducting climate vulnerability and risk assessments.The Sensitivity Matrix reveals three main conclusions about the sensitivity of the transportation system to climate stressors. First, transportation assets tend to be more sensitive to extreme events than to incremental changes in the mean of climate variables. Second, services, such as maintenance, traffic conveyance, and safety are often more sensitive to climate stressors than physical assets. Finally, an asset is often sensitive to stressors whose occurrence is relatively unlikely in comparison to typical weather variability.
  Authors: Rowan, Emily; Evans, Christopher; Riley-Gilbert, Marybeth; Hyman, Robert C.; Kafalenos, Robert; Beucler, Brian L.; Rodehorst, Beth; Choate, Anne; Schultz, Peter
  Authors: Rowan, Emily; Evans, Christopher; Riley-Gilbert, Marybeth; Hyman, Robert C.; Kafalenos, Robert; Beucler, Brian L.; Rodehorst, Beth; Choate, Anne; Schultz, Peter
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-3165
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Systematic Evaluation of Alternative Options for Reduction of Vessel Emissions in Ports
  Abstract: Transport operations are significant contributors to pollutant emissions across the globe. In all transport modes there have been considerable efforts to reduce these environmental impacts through various ways. Technological advances, policies and regulations are the most common ways to tackle this problem. Maritime transportation is responsible for approximately 3% of the global carbon emissions and while a large percentage of that is generated in the seas, local air quality around ports is severely affected by vessel traffic and stationary ships. Ports at the same time are areas of massive energy consumption which translates to further pollutant emitted at the source where the energy is produced. The final component in the environmental footprint of a port’s operation is the generated inland traffic (rail or road) around it for the transportation of goods and people to and from the terminal. There are mitigation techniques and policies that can be used to improve the environmental performance of each of the previous components of the system. This paper presents a framework for examining these impacts with a particular focus on the environmental footprint of ships approaching and berthing at ports, where their emissions impact directly on local air quality and on the exposure of the local population. Speed reduction of approaching ships and cold ironing for berthing ships are examined as potential mitigation techniques, and their scope is assesed per call per ship for the reduction of emissions for CO2, SO2 and NOX .
  Authors: Zis, Thalis; North, Robin J.; Angeloudis, Panagiotis; Bell, Michael G.H.
  Authors: Zis, Thalis; North, Robin J.; Angeloudis, Panagiotis; Bell, Michael G.H.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-5346
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Assessing Sensitivity of Transportation Assets to Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change
  Authors: Rowan, Emily
  Authors: Rowan, Emily
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-3165
• Abating CO2 and SOx Emissions from Container Shipping: the Articulation Between Deep Sea Shipping and Feedering in Sulfur Emission Control Areas
  Authors: Doudnikoff, Marjorie
  Authors: Doudnikoff, Marjorie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-2435
• Systematic Evaluation of Alternative Options for Reduction of Vessel Emissions in Ports
  Authors: Zis, Thalis
  Authors: Zis, Thalis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-5346
• Assessing Sensitivity of Transportation Assets to Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change
  Authors: Evans, Christopher
  Authors: Evans, Christopher
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-3165