2013 Session: 348

• Urban Rail Transit in Shanghai: The First Fifteen Years
  Abstract: This study presents the rapid development of rail transit in Shanghai and the considerable growth of transit patronage and profit achieved by Shanghai rail during the past fifteen years from 1996 to 2010. The impacts of rail transit on mode split, residential density, auto ownership, and urban expansion are also examined. The empirical analysis provides evidence that rail transit have effectively guaranteed the continued and stable increase in transit ridership and significantly moderated the household relocation and land-use densification in the Shanghai metropolitan area. It finds significantly lower growth rate of automobile ownership and obviously higher growth rates of population and local revenue in the decade and a half after the introduction of rail transit compared to the 15-year periods before that introduction. Control study between Shanghai and Chongqing further reveals that a city with well-established rail systems has superiority in stimulating population growth and economic prosperity, but slowing motorization process. The encouraging and interesting research findings from before-and-after and control study in this paper may provide decision-makers and planners with confidence to pursue strategies to develop rail transit and embrace the concept of transit-oriented development.
  Authors: Zhao, Jinbao; Deng, Wei; Wang, Jian
  Authors: Zhao, Jinbao; Deng, Wei; Wang, Jian
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Railroads; Public Transportation; Rail
  Session: 348
  Paper Number: 13-0857
• Mathematical Modeling for Optimizing Skip-Stop Rail Transit Operation Strategy Using Genetic Algorithm
  Abstract: With skip-stop rail transit operation, transit agencies can reduce their operating costs and fleet size, and passengers can experience reduced in-transit travel times without extra track and technological improvement. However, since skip-stop operation does not serve all the stations, passengers at exclusive stopping stations can possibly experience increased access time, waiting time, total travel time, and transfer. Only when the stopping stations are carefully coordinated can skip-stop service benefit passengers and transit agencies.This research developed a mathematical model using a Genetic Algorithm that coordinated the stopping stations for skip-stop rail operation. Using the flexibility of the Genetic Algorithm, this model included many realistic conditions, such as different access modes, different stopping scenarios, different collision constraints, different objective functions, and etc.For this research, the Seoul Metro system¡¯s line No. 4 was used as an example. With skip-stop operation, total travel time became about 17-20 percent shorter than with original all-stop operation, depending on the stopping constraints. In-vehicle travel time became about 20-26 percent shorter due to skipping stations, although waiting, transfer, and additional access times increased by 24-38 percent.Each train skipped five to nine stations, which reduced five to nine minutes (up to 8 percent) of the operating time. As mentioned, this model was built to minimize the total travel time. If the model¡¯s objective was minimizing operating time or minimizing total cost, the model could reduce operating time more.
  Authors: Lee, Young-Jae; Shariat, Shaghayegh; Choi, Keechoo
  Authors: Lee, Young-Jae; Shariat, Shaghayegh; Choi, Keechoo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Railroads; Public Transportation; Rail
  Session: 348
  Paper Number: 13-5202
• Safety Performance Comparison Between Light Rail Transit And Subway
  Abstract: Along with the expansion and addition of guideway transit systems, such as light rail and subway, there came the need to compare the safety performance of each mode. The comparison of safety performance by different modes is difficult due to lack of data, short operating history, or smaller operating scales besides the complexity of various technologies, operating characteristics, and diversified environments.In order to evaluate the potential for intermodal comparison of safety performance measures, the authors have focused on the subway and Light Rail Transit (LRT) modes at the national aggregations. Starting with clear definitions of each safety category, the authors analyzed the safety data from the National Transit Database (NTD) in recent years to estimate the impact and implications of various safety performance measures. A series of comparisons between LRT and subway in various fatality, injury and property damage categories demonstrated that accident rates may be unstable and easily distorted when the operational base is small. With increased operations, the accident rate may become more predictable even if the simple numbers of accidents/incidents may still appear random.
  Authors: Jasmin, Nehemie; Liu, Rongfang
  Authors: Jasmin, Nehemie; Liu, Rongfang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Railroads; Public Transportation; Rail
  Session: 348
  Paper Number: 13-3560
• Safety Performance Comparison Between Light Rail Transit And Subway
  Authors: Jasmin, Nehemie
  Authors: Jasmin, Nehemie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Rail; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation
  Session: 348
  Paper Number: 13-3560
• Mathematical Modeling for Optimizing Skip-Stop Rail Transit Operation Strategy Using Genetic Algorithm
  Authors: Lee, Young-Jae
  Authors: Lee, Young-Jae
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Rail; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation
  Session: 348
  Paper Number: 13-5202