2013 Session: 384

• Developing an Analysis Framework to Quantify and Compare Skid Resistance Performance on Porous and Nonporous Pavements
  Abstract: Porous pavement surfaces are widely used as means to improve wet-pavement skid resistance and to reduce skidding accidents. While there have been numerous studies in the literature on the ability of porous pavements in providing better skid resistance as compared to non-porous pavements, many of them are experimental in nature and could not offer a mechanistic interpretation on the skid resistance behavior exhibited by porous pavements. This paper therefore presents an analysis framework that can mechanistically quantify the amount of skid resistance available on porous and non-porous pavement surfaces and to understand the key factors involved. The analysis framework consists of two key modules. The first module determines the water film thickness accumulated on pavement surfaces for a given rainfall intensity while the second module computes wet-pavement skid resistance with consideration to structural mechanics, fluid dynamics, fluid-structure-interaction and flow within a porous medium. The developed framework is first validated against past experimental data and was found predict skid resistance accurately. An illustrative case study is then presented to quantify and compare skid resistance performance between porous and non-porous pavements. It is demonstrated through this case study that the developed framework can not only effectively compare skid resistance performances between porous and non-porous pavement surfaces, but can also provide a fundamental understanding of skid resistance development on those pavements.
  Authors: Zhang, Lei; Ong, Ghim Ping; Fwa, Tien Fang
  Authors: Zhang, Lei; Ong, Ghim Ping; Fwa, Tien Fang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 384
  Paper Number: 13-1762
• Influence of Temperature on Tire-Pavement Friction-2: Analyses
  Abstract: Past experimental studies show that the tire-pavement friction values are related to tire surrounding conditions such as pavement temperature, ambient temperature, contained air temperature and surface characteristic of pavement. Various road agencies use correlation factors to estimate frictional characteristics of the road tested in various temperature conditions. These correlation factors are mainly based on the experience and field test measurements which has a very limited scope in terms of transferability. This paper studies frictional behavior of test tire under different surrounding temperature conditions using the finite element model. The scope of this research is to analyze the effect of pavement temperature, ambient temperature and contained air temperature on frictional measurements. Finite Element models of fully and partially skidding tires over different asphalt pavement surfaces, namely, Porous Asphalt, Ultra-Thin Surface and Stone Mastic Asphalt are analyzed. It was observed that pavement with high macrotexture results in high hysteretic friction. It was also observed that a higher pavement temperature, ambient temperature and contained air temperature would result in a lower hysteretic friction for a given pavement surface and a given tire slip ratio. On the other hand, a lower tire slip ratio and a pavement with higher macrotexture would result in a higher friction. This study shows that a critical combination of these factors may decrease the friction values significantly.
  Authors: Anupam, Kumar; Srirangam, Santosh Kumar; Scarpas, Athanasios; Kasbergen, Cor
  Authors: Anupam, Kumar; Srirangam, Santosh Kumar; Scarpas, Athanasios; Kasbergen, Cor
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 384
  Paper Number: 13-4521
• Comparative Evaluation of Locked-Wheel and Fixed-Slip Skid Systems
  Abstract: Most states are using locked-wheel skid trailers to maintain an inventory of skid numbers over their highway networks. This friction tester was developed in the 1960s and does not simulate present-day anti-lock braking systems unlike the relatively recent variable-slip and fixed-slip devices that are used in other countries. The two systems do not produce the same skid number values. Thus, there is a need to conduct side-by-side tests to compare the measurements from fixed-slip and locked-wheel skid systems. This paper presents results from tests conducted with fixed-slip and locked wheel friction measurement systems to investigate relationships between the friction numbers obtained from both systems.
  Authors: Fernando, Emmanuel G.; Zimmer, Richard; Mikhail, Magdy
  Authors: Fernando, Emmanuel G.; Zimmer, Richard; Mikhail, Magdy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 384
  Paper Number: 13-4852
• Assessment of Reliability of Predicting Hydroplaning Risk Based on Past Hydroplaning Accident Data in Florida Interstate System
  Abstract: Computational tools that can predict the hydroplaning risk are invaluable to departments of transportation in drainage designs associated with new pavements or lane expansions. PAVDRN is such a computer software package developed under the NCHRP sponsorship to determine the threshold hydroplaning speeds on a given section of a highway during adverse weather conditions. This study evaluates the reliability of PAVDRN software in predicting dynamic hydroplaning using past dynamic hydroplaning accident statistics in the state of Florida. Two approaches based on (1) estimated travel speed, and, (2) posted speed were used to assess PAVDRN’s effectiveness in predicting hydroplaning accidents accurately. Both approaches show that this software possesses a reasonable degree of reliability. A third and final effort was used to provide the user with upgraded and realistic hydroplaning risk estimates when using PAVDRN. This was facilitated by using additional information from the FDOT crash database to account for extraneous factors associated with hydroplaning that are not considered in PAVDRN’s analytical models.
  Authors: Yassin, Menna; Jayasooriya, Waruna; Gunaratne, Manjriker; Green, Jennifer
  Authors: Yassin, Menna; Jayasooriya, Waruna; Gunaratne, Manjriker; Green, Jennifer
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 384
  Paper Number: 13-4505
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Developing an Analysis Framework to Quantify and Compare Skid Resistance Performance on Porous and Nonporous Pavements
  Authors: Ong, Ghim Ping
  Authors: Ong, Ghim Ping
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 384
  Paper Number: 13-1762
• Assessment of Reliability of Predicting Hydroplaning Risk Based on Past Hydroplaning Accident Data in Florida Interstate System
  Authors: Yassin, Menna
  Authors: Yassin, Menna
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 384
  Paper Number: 13-4505
• Influence of Temperature on Tire-Pavement Friction-2: Analyses
  Authors: Anupam, Kumar
  Authors: Anupam, Kumar
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 384
  Paper Number: 13-4521
• Comparative Evaluation of Locked-Wheel and Fixed-Slip Skid Systems
  Authors: Fernando, Emmanuel
  Authors: Fernando, Emmanuel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 384
  Paper Number: 13-4852