2013 Session: 552

• Precision of High-Speed Inertial Profilers for Asphalt Pavement Smoothness Measurements
  Abstract: The Florida Department of Transportation conducted a study to assess the precision and accuracy of its High-Speed Inertial Profilers (HSIPs) used for evaluating the smoothness of asphalt pavements. Eight HSIPs and six asphalt test sections including three dense-graded and three open-graded were included in the study. Profiler agreement in terms of repeatability and reproducibility was rated using the International Roughness Index (IRI). Profiler agreement in terms of repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy was also assessed using the profile cross-correlation method. A SurPRO 3500 was used as a reference device for the HSIPs accuracy evaluation. A laser tracking device was evaluated as a possible operational improvement technique. The maximum IRI variability at a 95% confidence level within a single HSIP was less than 3.5 in/mi, and 2.0 in/mi for open graded and dense-graded pavements, respectively. The maximum IRI variability at a 95% confidence level between any two HSIPs was less than 5.8 in/mi and 3.8 in/mi for open graded and dense-graded pavements, respectively. The HSIPs repeated and reproduced the IRI measurements well for all test sections and surfaces. The HSIPs demonstrated the highest profile repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy on the dense-graded medium-smooth surface and the lowest results on the open-graded medium-smooth surface. HSIPs repeatability improved by 8% on the average when using a laser tracking device. The results also indicate that current and proposed repeatability and accuracy criteria could not be met on most pavements surfaces tested.
  Authors: Mraz, Alexander; Nazef, Abdenour; Lee, Hyung Suk; Holzschuher, Charles R.; Choubane, Bouzid
  Authors: Mraz, Alexander; Nazef, Abdenour; Lee, Hyung Suk; Holzschuher, Charles R.; Choubane, Bouzid
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-0859
• Performance Evaluation of Permeable Friction Courses in Texas
  Abstract: The use of permeable friction course (PFC) pavements is very common in Texas, the United States, and other countries. Some of the benefits of using PFCs include pavement noise reduction, enhanced safety by improved drainability and subsequent reduction in splash and spray during wet weather, and better ride quality. In the current study, performance of different PFC sections in Texas is evaluated over a period of four years in terms of functionality, durability, and safety. Findings from this study indicate that PFC sections performed better as compared to reference hot mix asphalt sections in terms of texture and friction, achieving the goal of providing a safer ride surface. The overall performance of PFCs through time was satisfactory, although certain field sections exhibited failures such as loss of drainability, raveling, and changes in friction. This paper discusses the causes of these failures and provides recommendations to prevent reoccurrence in subsequent projects.
  Authors: Arambula, Edith; Garcia Cucalon, Lorena; Valluri, Divya; Martin, Amy Epps; Estakhri, Cindy K.
  Authors: Arambula, Edith; Garcia Cucalon, Lorena; Valluri, Divya; Martin, Amy Epps; Estakhri, Cindy K.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-2239
• Influence of Temperature on Tire-Pavement Friction-1: Laboratory Tests and Finite Element Modeling
  Abstract: The temperature development in tire-pavement contact region results in a complex relationship between temperature and friction. Tire rubber hysteresis on a road is considered to play an important role in countering skidding for a vehicle travelling at high speed. Past studies showed that the contribution from hysteresis component in comparison to adhesion has a larger influence on friction measurements. Variation in the tire temperature may result in unreliable interpretation of friction data particularly with continuous friction measuring equipment. Ever increasing need of driver safety poses challenges to the highway authorities to evaluate pavement conditions even more precisely. The present paper aims to develop a finite element model capable of assessing the effect of temperature on hysteric friction over a scan of real textured pavement surface. A dynamic analysis of tire rolling at any defined slip ratio, over a textured pavement surface and subsequent development of tire temperature would require a large computational time even for a powerful computer. Thus a new methodology using sequential analysis of static (for smooth surface) to dynamic (for slipping over rough surface) followed by a staggered temperature-analysis is developed. In this methodology, using the laboratory test data, a thermo-mechanical coupling model was developed to calculate the progressive development of temperature and its effect on the hysteretic friction. It was observed that the hysteretic friction of tire rubber decreases with increase in temperature.
  Authors: Srirangam, Santosh Kumar; Anupam, Kumar; Scarpas, Athanasios; Kösters, Anton
  Authors: Srirangam, Santosh Kumar; Anupam, Kumar; Scarpas, Athanasios; Kösters, Anton
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-4260
• Surface Characteristics of Ultrathin Bonded Wearing Course Preservation Treatments
  Abstract: Ultrathin bonded wearing course (UBWC) has been used by many states as a pavement preservation treatment, particularly on high traffic volume roads. This paper presents the results of a research conducted to evaluate the surface properties of UBWC pavements placed by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Four UBWC test sections were selected with respect to their service times, traffic volumes, and roadway functions. Surface friction testing was conducted every six months since the completion of construction. Field testing was also conducted to determine the characteristics of surface macrotexture. The type and gradation of aggregates used in the UBWC mixes were examined to identify their effects on the friction properties of UBWC. It was found that UBWC is capable of providing sufficient and consistent skidding resistance to allow quick opening to traffic. The friction numbers in the UBWC test sections tended to peak approximately 6 months earlier compared to conventional HMA mixes. The mean profile depth (MPD) of macrotexture for UBWC pavements is around 1.0 mm, which is much greater than that for conventional 9.5-mm HMA pavements, and very close to that for SMA pavements. However, the microtexture may play an important role in the development of UBWC surface friction. UBWC can provide sound, durable surface friction, but requires highly polish-resistant aggregates.
  Authors: Li, Shuo; Yang, Yonghong; Guan, Bowen; Zhao, Guangyuan; Harris, Dwayne; Jiang, Yi; Noureldin, A. Samy
  Authors: Li, Shuo; Yang, Yonghong; Guan, Bowen; Zhao, Guangyuan; Harris, Dwayne; Jiang, Yi; Noureldin, A. Samy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-4436
• Comparative Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Pavement Hydroplaning-Predictive Methods
  Abstract: Hydroplaning risk reduction is one important consideration for safety in pavement network design and lane expansion, in particular. First, the authors performed an extensive study of all analytical methods that are available to predict water film thickness due to rain events and dynamic hydroplaning threshold speeds. Subsequently, field experiments were conducted in order to validate these existing methods of calculating such parameters. A rainfall simulator, which produces uniform, regulated rainfall, was used to quantify water buildup on an actual roadway segment. The results of the rain simulator experiment were consistent with models previously developed in the PAVDRN software, and by Gallaway and the New Zealand Roadway Laboratory. A locked wheel skid tester was used to detect the onset of dynamic hydroplaning by measuring friction loss under different speed and water film thickness scenarios. The results of the hydroplaning experiment were consistent with models previously developed in the PAVDRN software, and by the Texas Department of Transportation, and Ong and Fwa. These models give conservative estimates for hydroplaning-related parameters; therefore they are appropriate for use as highway design tools.
  Authors: Metz, John
  Authors: Metz, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-5216
• Precision of High-Speed Inertial Profilers for Asphalt Pavement Smoothness Measurements
  Authors: Mraz, Alexander
  Authors: Mraz, Alexander
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-0859
• Performance Evaluation of Permeable Friction Courses in Texas
  Authors: Arambula, Edith
  Authors: Arambula, Edith
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-2239
• Performance Evaluation of Permeable Friction Courses in Texas
  Authors: Martin, Amy
  Authors: Martin, Amy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-2239
• Surface Characteristics of Ultrathin Bonded Wearing Course Preservation Treatments
  Authors: Noureldin, A. Samy
  Authors: Noureldin, A. Samy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-4436
• Surface Characteristics of Ultrathin Bonded Wearing Course Preservation Treatments
  Authors: Li, Shuo
  Authors: Li, Shuo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-4436
• Comparative Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Pavement Hydroplaning-Predictive Methods
  Authors: Metz, John
  Authors: Metz, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Design; Pavements
  Session: 552
  Paper Number: 13-5216