2013 Session: 559

• A Mode-Neutral Innovation Framework for Commuter Transport: Part 1
  Abstract: Innovation in all fields is recognized as a high risk activity, with many more failures than successes. In commercial product and service innovation, “Customer-Outcome Driven” innovation has been recognized by leading companies as a more effective foundation for innovation. Central to the outcome-driven approach is the methodical identification of desired customer outcomes and the use of survey data to identify underserved outcomes that represent opportunities for development of innovative solutions. This paper explores the application of this technique to commuter travel, to the job of ‘making a daily trip to and from a destination’, with the overall goal of understanding what it would take to increase “passengership” and concludes that the approach delivers potentially useful results. Further research is recommended, and the authors call for metropolitan areas to help with further data collection, solution development and deployment.
  Authors: Minett, Paul; Pearce, John H.
  Authors: Minett, Paul; Pearce, John H.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-0838
• Using a Multi-agent Simulation Tool to Estimate the Carpooling Potential
  Abstract: It is a general trend in transportation planning to try to minimize the negative externalities of the transport system as a whole, such as noise or pollutant emissions. One of the ways to achieve this is to reduce the number of cars on the roads, for instance by increasing car occupancy. This paper focuses on evaluating the potential of this possibility. The factors influencing this potential are manifold: behavioral, structural (number of potential matches), organisational (quality of available services to meet co-travelers)... In previous studies, mainly the behavioral and organisational factors were analyzed. This paper focuses on the structural factor. To do so, the highly detailed daily plans generated by the multi-agent microsimulation software MATSim are searched for potential matches. Information about the potential matches is used to assess the feasibility of carpooling. In particular, it is shown that when considering only structural factors, it is possible to group most of the car trips into two-person car-pools. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that there is no structural obstacle to carpooling development, and thus that the causes of the low share of this mode is to search in both the behavioral and organisational factors.
  Authors: Dubernet, Thibaut; Rieser-Schüssler, Nadine; Axhausen, Kay W.
  Authors: Dubernet, Thibaut; Rieser-Schüssler, Nadine; Axhausen, Kay W.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-0866
• Integrating Shared-Use Vehicles: Building the Next Generation of Transit
  Abstract: This paper serves as an introduction to practitioners on shared use vehicles and several strategies to implement and integrate shared use vehicles into an existing transit or transportation network. The shared use vehicles identified are ride sharing, car sharing and bike sharing. The history and current market of each mode is reviewed. The paper includes a review of research of transit integration. The integration methods suggested is integration through street infrastructure, the fare card and information technology. Challenges of each integration method are reviewed and several case studies are explored. A policy implementation chart is included to guide practitioners in municipal government to implement an integrated transportation system that includes shared use vehicles.
  Authors: Alpert, Lauren
  Authors: Alpert, Lauren
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-1332
• Allocation Optimization of Bicyclesharing System at Scenic Spots: Case Study
  Abstract: Bicycle-sharing system is considered as a green option to provide a better connection between scenic spots and nearby metro/bus stations. This paper focuses on allocating and optimizing the layout of bicycle-sharing system inside the scenic spot and around its influencing area. It is found that the terrain, land use, nearby transport network and scenery point distribution have significant impact on the allocation of bicycle-sharing system. While the candidate bicycle-sharing stations installed at the inner scenic points, entrances/exits and metro stations are fixed, unmovable, the ones installed at bus-stations and other passenger concentration buildings are adjustable. Aiming at minimizing the total cycling distance and overlapping rate, an optimization model is proposed and solved based on the idea of cluster concept and greedy heuristic. A RP/SP combined survey was conducted at Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing, China to get an insight into the touring trip characteristics and bicycle-sharing tendency. The results revealed that 39.81% visitors accept a cycling distance of 1~3 km and 62.50% respondents think that the bicycle-sharing system should charge an appropriate fee. The survey indicates there is high possibility to carryout bicycle-sharing system at Xuanwu Lake. Optimizing the allocation problem cluster by cluster rather than using exhaustive search method significantly reduces the computing amount from O(243) to O(432). The 500m-radius-coverage rate for the alternative optimized by 500m-radius -cluster and 800m-radius- cluster is 89.2% and 68.5%, respectively. The final layout scheme will provide decision makers engineering guidelines and theoretical support.
  Authors: Guo, Tangyi; Liu, Jun; Qizhou, Hu; Ye, Mao
  Authors: Guo, Tangyi; Liu, Jun; Qizhou, Hu; Ye, Mao
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-3792
• Demand of Bike-Sharing Travels: Evidence from Washington, D.C.
  Abstract: In recent years, bicycle sharing programs have gained much popularity in a number of cities in the United States and other nations. However, the demand for bike sharing travel is still not well understood. This paper investigates the characteristics of bike sharing travel demand, focusing on the Capital Bikeshare Program in Washington, D.C. Based on the detailed daily trip data from September 15, 2010 to March 31, 2012, a time-series analysis finds that an increase in the number of bike stations has a strong positive influence on bike sharing travel demand. In addition, weather and temperature are found to have significant associations with the Bikeshare usage as well. The study offers an optimistic view of the further expansion of the program in the greater Washington metropolitan region.
  Authors: Daito, Nobuhiko; Chen, Zhenhua
  Authors: Daito, Nobuhiko; Chen, Zhenhua
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-3869
• Residential On-Site Carsharing and Off-Street Parking: The Case of San Francisco Bay Area
  Abstract: This research explores the recent practice of connecting on-site carsharing service with off-street parking standards in multifamily developments, using the San Francisco Bay Area as a case study. If implemented well, such a policy could help boost the carsharing industry and help reduce off-street parking, which is often criticized as being oversupplied, primarily due to the excessive off-street parking standard. We surveyed all carsharing sites in the Bay Area and all new residential developments (completed after 2000) with on-site carsharing spaces in 2011. We found that a significant number of carsharing spaces are located on residential properties, but most of them (70 percent) have been retrofitted into existing buildings. For the new developments, on-site carsharing did not result in a reduction in the amount of regular off-street parking. Interviews with 15 professionals from three stakeholder groups (i.e., planners, developers, and service providers) revealed that even though all stakeholders are in favor of on-site carsharing at residential developments, three major barriers exist: the lack of incentives, the complexity of access design, and high transaction costs.
  Authors: Rivasplata, Charles Richard; Guo, Zhan; Lee, Richard W.; Keyon, David
  Authors: Rivasplata, Charles Richard; Guo, Zhan; Lee, Richard W.; Keyon, David
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-4296
• Evolution and Lessons from China Mainland Bikesharing Systems
  Abstract: Like other global cities, bike-sharing grows rapidly in China mainland. Currently, bike-sharing researches and cases studies mostly focus on European and American cities, only few papers study on the fast growing bike-sharing systems in China. This paper aims to describe the development of bike-sharing in China mainland, and to summarize the experience and lessons from these systems. According to the data collection, interview with bike-sharing planners, operators and government managers and comparison among different case cities, the paper first introduces the status of all bike-sharing systems in China mainland cities which already existed or under construction/planning. Experience and lessons are drawn from these operating systems through six perspectives: the role of government, management model, common perspective and criterion, systematic research, the promotion of bicycle transportation and innovative service. This study may provide invaluable reference for other Chinese cities which hope for upgrading their bike-sharing system. It is also a good addition to the literature collection on bike-sharing as an approach to promote green transportation.
  Authors: Tang, Yang; Pan, Haixiao; Lu, Qiaoyin
  Authors: Tang, Yang; Pan, Haixiao; Lu, Qiaoyin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-5075
• A Mode-Neutral Innovation Framework for Commuter Transport: Part 1
  Authors: Minett, Paul
  Authors: Minett, Paul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-0838
• Integrating Shared-Use Vehicles: Building the Next Generation of Transit
  Authors: Alpert, Lauren
  Authors: Alpert, Lauren
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-1332
• Residential On-Site Carsharing and Off-Street Parking: The Case of San Francisco Bay Area
  Authors: Rivasplata, Charles
  Authors: Rivasplata, Charles
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-4296
• Evolution and Lessons from China Mainland Bikesharing Systems
  Authors: Tang, Yang
  Authors: Tang, Yang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-5075
• Using a Multi-agent Simulation Tool to Estimate the Carpooling Potential
  Authors: Dubernet, Thibaut
  Authors: Dubernet, Thibaut
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 559
  Paper Number: 13-0866