2013 Session: 563

• Evaluation of Digital Image Correlation Method as a Structural Damage Assessment and Management Tool
  Abstract: The challenges of deteriorating transportation infrastructure continue to be at the forefront of bridge inspection practices. Effective means of collection and management are of concern to prioritize maintenance procedures for aging infrastructure. The foundations of structural health monitoring attempts to monitor infrastructure condition, assess in-service performance, detect deterioration, and estimate remaining service life. Current practices for condition assessment can often be time consuming and not very cost effective. Digital Image Correlation is an optical technique that consists of correlating pixels in optical images to determine changes in position due to deformation on the material’s surface. This technology enables two dimensional and three dimensional global behavior monitoring of the bridge structure revealing measurements such as displacements and strains. The collection of these measurements can lead to the characterization of structural damage of bridge structures and bridge members. Digital Image Correlation measurements allows for easy flexible data collection and enables an efficient management system for up to date image and record keeping for changes of loading capacity or damage of the structure. Results are given for correlation of a rigid body motion for a plywood panel, flexural testing of a steel beam in the elastic range and flexural testing of an Ultra-High Performance Concrete beam in the non-linear range. This paper discusses the principles of Digital Image Correlation and its effectiveness for evaluating structural behavior with a broader goal of expanding the capabilities to include condition monitoring for damage and load capacity changes for in-service bridges.
  Authors: Oats, Renee C.; Harris, Devin K.; Ahlborn, Theresa M.; de Melo e Silva, Henrique
  Authors: Oats, Renee C.; Harris, Devin K.; Ahlborn, Theresa M.; de Melo e Silva, Henrique
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Maintenance and Preservation
  Session: 563
  Paper Number: 13-3968
• Development and Application of Three-Dimensional Optical Bridge Deck Evaluation System
  Abstract: There has been a growing interest in developing remote sensing technologies to quickly assess the condition of bridges while minimizing traffic disruptions and limiting inspection crews' exposure to traffic. Currently, the calculation of the National Bridge Inspection (NBI) Rating for a bridge deck is done by inspectors visually inspecting the bridge deck. 3D optics is an innovative technology that can help assess bridge deck condition while at the same time enhance the ability to preserve the data for future reference and decision making. 3DOBS (the 3D Optical Bridge-evaluation System) was developed to address these issues while at the same time providing data that can be used to understand changes in condition in the future. The system is comprised of standard Digital Single Lens Reflex camera (DSLR) that is mounted to a vehicle, close-range photogrammetry software, and an automated spall detection algorithm. The camera is driven over each lane of the bridge collecting photos with a 60% overlap and then processed in the photogrammetric software. The resulting output is a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the bridge deck. This is then processed through the spall detection algorithm to identify spalls, calculate area and volume of individual spalls, and percent of the total bridge deck that is spalled. This information can be integrated into bridge management systems and decision making processes on bridge preservation.
  Authors: Dobson, Richard; Brooks, Colin Neil; Roussi, Chris; Shuchman, Robert A.; Ahlborn, Theresa M.; Dean, David
  Authors: Dobson, Richard; Brooks, Colin Neil; Roussi, Chris; Shuchman, Robert A.; Ahlborn, Theresa M.; Dean, David
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Maintenance and Preservation
  Session: 563
  Paper Number: 13-4451
• Bridge Assessment Methods Using Image Processing and InfraredThermography Technology: On-Site Pilot Application in Florida
  Abstract: Identifying appropriate applications for technology to assess the health and safety of bridges is an importantissue for bridge owners around the world. Traditionally, highway bridge conditions have been monitored byvisual inspection with structural deficiencies being manually identified and classified by qualified engineersand inspectors. With traditional on-site inspections, qualified inspectors are performing close-up visualinspections and sounding tests, often from crane suspended lifting cages or built-in inspection staging;invariably putting inspectors at some safety risk. The need for safer inspection methods calls for newinnovations in bridge inspection technologies. One of the solutions for this issue is leveraging nondestructivetechnologies as well as experimental approaches for a more advanced and efficient inspectionprocess. If we can improve data collection efficiencies and reduce the time required by inspectors in the fieldto make general structure condition assessments, more time will be available for these same inspectors toperform detailed hands-on inspections and/or to apply non-destructive testing technologies for pre-screenedbridge elements in areas requiring close attention. NEXCO-West, one of major toll road operators in Japanhas been working to develop efficient non-destructive highway bridge inspection methods using high qualitydigital image and Infrared (IR) thermography technologies. This paper describes the results of on-siteapplications for a sample bridge in the state of Florida in conjunction with the joint research with Universityof Central Florida.
  Authors: Matsumoto, Masato; Mitani, Koji; Catbas, F. Necati
  Authors: Matsumoto, Masato; Mitani, Koji; Catbas, F. Necati
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Maintenance and Preservation
  Session: 563
  Paper Number: 13-4738
• Guidelines for Thermographic Inspection of Concrete Bridge Components in Shaded Conditions
  Abstract: Infrared thermography has the potential to detect subsurface delamination before spalling develops, and could be used as a tool to enhance the visual inspection of concrete bridges. The technology has traditionally been applied to bridge decks, which are exposed to radiant heating from the sun that helps develop the necessary thermal gradients in the concrete. Thermal gradients can also be developed from the normal diurnal temperature variations that occur. Convective heat transfer occurs to develop the thermal gradients, although thermal gradients are of much lower magnitude than those developed through radiant heating from the sun. This paper presents results of a study to develop thermal imaging for detection of subsurface deterioration in the soffit areas of bridges, which are shaded and therefore not exposed to radiant heating from the sun. Experimental studies and field testing were conducted and are described. This paper reports on Guidelines developed for this application of the technology that address the necessary environmental conditions to enable detection of damage in bridge soffit areas. Specifically, the paper discusses ambient temperature rates of change necessary to ensure subsurface damage can be detected in shaded conditions. The paper also discusses the effect of wind speed on the detectability of subsurface damage in shaded areas of a bridge, and certain camera settings needed to ensure temperature anomalies associated with subsurface damage can be detected by an inspector during the inspection process. A field example is provided to illustrates the application of the technology and highlight the needed camera settings.
  Authors: Washer, Glenn; Fenwick, Richard; Nelson, Seth
  Authors: Washer, Glenn; Fenwick, Richard; Nelson, Seth
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Maintenance and Preservation
  Session: 563
  Paper Number: 13-2012
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Guidelines for Thermographic Inspection of Concrete Bridge Components in Shaded Conditions
  Authors: Washer, Glenn
  Authors: Washer, Glenn
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Maintenance and Preservation
  Session: 563
  Paper Number: 13-2012
• Evaluation of Digital Image Correlation Method as a Structural Damage Assessment and Management Tool
  Authors: Oats, Renee
  Authors: Oats, Renee
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Maintenance and Preservation
  Session: 563
  Paper Number: 13-3968
• Bridge Assessment Methods Using Image Processing and Infrared Thermography Technology: On-Site Pilot Application in Florida
  Authors: Matsumoto, Masato
  Authors: Matsumoto, Masato
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Maintenance and Preservation
  Session: 563
  Paper Number: 13-4738
• Development and Application of Three-Dimensional Optical Bridge Deck Evaluation System
  Authors: Dobson, Richard
  Authors: Dobson, Richard
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Maintenance and Preservation
  Session: 563
  Paper Number: 13-4451