2013 Session: 617

• Relationship of Walk Access Distance to Rapid Rail Transit Stations with Personal Characteristics and Station Context: Case Study
  Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between walk access distance to rapid rail transit (RRT) stations and various attributes of RRT users and trip-specific and station context in the city of Nanjing, China. We base our analysis on 1544 user surveys, conducted at 16 stations along Nanjing RRT Line 1 during the morning peak period (7-9 a.m.) and afternoon peak period (5-7 p.m.) over a 7-day period. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is applied to estimate the relationship between walk access distances and aggregate personal and travel and station characteristics, and to measure the relative significance of individual variables. Prior to the model identification, a formulation relationship was hypothesized. The results suggest that passengers walk farther to RRT stations when the station context has certain features (terminal function, elevated type, and/or located farther from the city center). Dummy variables for age group and household income are significant but play a relatively minor role in defining RRT walk access distance. Travel characteristics, individually, have a weak relationship to walk access distance to RRT stations in Nanjing. A quantifiable basis for developing design guidelines for pedestrian access to RRT stations is provided for planners based on the observation and regression results. The statistics indicate the possibility of further promoting the walk mode by providing improved pedestrian facilities in the area around RRT stations, with flexible programs to construct pedestrian friendly-environment for rail station regarding its function, type and location.
  Authors: Zhao, Jinbao; Deng, Wei; Song, Yan; Zhu, Yueran
  Authors: Zhao, Jinbao; Deng, Wei; Song, Yan; Zhu, Yueran
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-0471
• The Width Calculation Method of Island Platform with Screen Doors at Metro Station
  Abstract: In recent years, for safety and energy reasons, most metro stations in China have installed platform screen doors (PSD), which completely changes the waiting behavior of passengers. Passengers unevenly gathered in front of the screen doors instead of distributing evenly on platform. The traditional method of platform design does not consider this change of waiting behavior after the introduction of PSD, and the result has a large gap with the actual demand, which increases the safety risk in the subsequent operation and management. Due to the installation of PSD, this paper proposed a new calculation method of island platform width based on the behavior of passengers. Firstly, this paper analyzed the behavior change after the installation of PSD, and then by means of video identification and field observations, proposed the transformation process and size calculation method of main functional areas, including waiting area and circulating area during the whole process composed of waiting, alighting and boarding, and dissipating. Subsequently, based on the objective of safely waiting and smoothly circulating, and the premise of different functional areas independent and not overlapping, this paper put forward with the calculation method of platform width, which is closely related to the length of waiting area and the width of circulating area. Finally, this paper compared the calculation result with the one of traditional method, clarified the shortcomings of traditional method, and further illustrated the new method is tailored to suit the behavior characteristics of passengers, which was in keeping with platform operational feature of China and provides guidance for platform design.
  Authors: Ma, Shan; Wu, Jiaorong
  Authors: Ma, Shan; Wu, Jiaorong
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-2405
• Phase-Type Distribution Fitting of Passenger Flow Arrival Interval on Urban Railway Transit Stations
  Abstract: The urban railway transit station is essentially a kind of stochastic service system and the passenger flow arrival interval distribution with accurate description of strong randomness is the important basis of elaborate system planning, design and flexible operation management. The existing fitting distribution researches were unable to satisfy the demand for the station stochastic service system¡¯s modelling analysis as well as microcosmic simulation¡¯s demand for accuracy, universality and analyticity. Though phase-type distribution (PH) had been theoretically verified of good analyticity and universality, it requires to determining over much parameters in practical application. Therefore, it still needs further exploration whether the PH can be applied to represent the passenger flow arrival interval distribution on urban railway transit stations. In this paper, seven common distributions and hyper-Erlang distribution (HErD) which is a dense subset of PH were applied to fit the passenger flow arrival interval distribution of entrance and platform on subway stations. The comparison result indicated that HErD fitting achieves the highest accuracy. On this basis, the fitting parameters of HErD were analysed, finding that this distribution requires to determining two parameters, and only related with variation coefficient, possessing good practicability. Finally, this paper put forward a practical method to determine the parameters of HErD through the easy-captured peak passenger flow volume and super-peak coefficient. This research provides a new selectable PH fitting distribution for passenger flow arrival interval distribution on urban railway transit stations.
  Authors: Jiang, Yangsheng; Hu, Lu; Zhu, Juanxiu; Chen, Yanru
  Authors: Jiang, Yangsheng; Hu, Lu; Zhu, Juanxiu; Chen, Yanru
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-2491
• Rail Transit Dwell Time Modeling and Delay Simulation in Variant Passenger Flow
  Abstract: Rail transit train dwell time, which is one of the crucial factors of train delay, is affected by variance of passenger flow in different stations. Train dwell delay and passenger flow variation is affected by each other. Long train dwell delay in station may cause passenger delay and propagation over the whole line, it needs to take a long time to restore from disturbances. A train dwell delay model, which has considered the process and the variant number of waiting, alighting and boarding passengers is proposed in this paper. By using the time-driven simulation, the influences of train and passenger delay are calculated. Finally numerical examples and computational results are presented. The results reveal that passenger flow variation and train delay are two mutual influence processes. The increase of passenger flow may extend train dwell time and affect train delay in the line. In corresponding, the growth of train delay will increase the number of assembling passengers in station as well.
  Authors: Feng, Li
  Authors: Feng, Li
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-2537
• Rail Transit-Based Planning and Design of Park-and-Ride Facilities in Beijing
  Abstract: This paper introduces planning and design of park-and-ride (P&R) facilities in Beijing, China. The procedure of locating new P&R facility contains two main steps. The first step is the selection of P&R candidate for rail transit network. The second step is to evaluate new P&R facility and determine specific location for the proposed P&R facilities. In the first step, new P&R facilities are expected to meet requirement of availability of land that can be used for construction of P&R facility within 500 meters from rail transit station. In the second step, potential analysis is conducted to make further evaluation on new P&R candidate and determine proper sites and design profile for the proposed P&R. Some factors such as population density, annual household income, accessibility of P&R facilities, distance to downtown, as well as savings of travel time will have great impact on P&R demand. These factors are also discussed in this study. The objective of this study is to help municipal government determine the location and magnitude in size of P&R facilities along the rail transit lines to minimize auto travel and encourage use of public transit. For this reason Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Scoring Method (ESM) are employed to determine the final rank of P&R candidate. Keywords: Park-and-Ride facilities, Location configuration design, Planning
  Authors: Yajing, He; Yang, Xiao Kuan; Yue, Chen Xin
  Authors: Yajing, He; Yang, Xiao Kuan; Yue, Chen Xin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-2493
• Crowding in Metro Stations: Passenger Flow Analysis and Simulation
  Abstract: The public mass rail transit industry is growing at an unbelievable speed in many large cities in Asia. How to provide a safety and comfortable travelling environment for passengers is attracting more and more attentions from the rail industry practitioners as well as the researchers. However, to have a detailed analysis of the passenger flow and assess the crowdedness level in a metro station is still a great challenge because of the complexity of the passenger behaviors and the difficulty to collect enough passenger flow data. This paper presents a simulation approach for detailed analysis of passenger flows and assessing the crowdedness level of metro stations based on field surveys. The passenger flow data, including the characteristics of passengers, the flow rate at peak hours as well as the passenger behaviors inside the stations are collected by field surveys. The passenger flow pattern of a station can be identified and represented as a network structure based on the survey results. An agent-based pedestrian flow simulation model is used for the assessment of the crowdedness level of the existing and newly proposed layout of stations. Besides the pedestrian movement behaviors and passenger behaviors such as queuing up at a facility or waiting at the waiting area are also considered in the model. The simulation results can be used for extracting data on station crowdedness level indicators such as the density distributions which are helpful for assessing the passenger flow situations in a metro station.
  Authors: Liu, Shaobo; Lo, S. M.; Wang, Weili; Ma, Jian; Yuen, J. K. K.
  Authors: Liu, Shaobo; Lo, S. M.; Wang, Weili; Ma, Jian; Yuen, J. K. K.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-3357
• Rail Transit-Based Planning and Design of Park-and-Ride Facilities in Beijing
  Authors: Yajing, He
  Authors: Yajing, He
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-2493
• Put the Brakes on Crime to Accelerate Walkability: Design Parameters for Safe, Walkable City
  Abstract:

  This paper presents findings of a pilot study conducted by Curtin University Australia and EMBARQ India, with an objective of exploring safety concerns of people while accessing metro stations. Increasingly, the notion of improved walkability to increase public transport patronage has been gaining momentum. Some physical-environmental features such as providing Accessibility and Safety against crime are fundamental in contributing to walkability.This study, while exploring the safety concerns, aims to establish if built form design influences people’s perception of safety and if yes, to identify these design parameters. The paper constructs a methodology and a safe street rating system that may be applicable to other cities worldwide. Safety audit tool was developed based on CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) theory, Space Syntax theory and ‘Walkability of Indian Cities – CAI Asia’ study. Observational surveys and peoples’ perception surveys conducted around Indira Nagar metro station, Bangalore were compared for each safety criteria as set out in the audit tool establishing a strong relationship between the design of the built environment and people’s perception of safety in that environment. The paper presents the analysis and proposes a set of built form design parameters that influence people’s perception of safety while accessing metro stations.

  Authors: Tiwari, Reena
  Authors: Tiwari, Reena
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-5038