2013 Session: 655

• Mechanical Analysis of Failure Processes at Bitumen-Aggregate Interface
  Abstract: The experience reported herein focuses on the advanced characterization of adhesive/cohesive failure at bitumen/aggregate interfaces. A modified Pneumatic Adhesion Tensile Testing Instrument (PATTI) was developed to integrate the conventional measure of pressure with the additional measure of vertical displacement. The measurement of vertical displacement was used to estimate the deformation within the bitumen film and therefore the final strain at failure. This provided specific functional characteristics, specifically linked to the possibility of estimating the total work done by the external forces to separate the bitumen/aggregate interfaces. Energy-based criteria for adhesive/cohesive tensile failure were consequently established accounting for the elongation of the bitumen film. The interface bond energy and its stability upon moisture conditioning were then measured for different bitumen-aggregate systems. The bond energy was found to be highly dependent on the specific characteristics of the asphaltic interfaces and primarily connected with bitumen grading and composition. The analysis of the detachment surfaces addressed further relations between the changes recorded in bond energy, the characteristics of the asphalt film and the progressive shift from cohesive to adhesive failure.
  Authors: Merusi, Filippo; Caruso, Alessandro; Chiapponi, Luca; Giuliani, Felice
  Authors: Merusi, Filippo; Caruso, Alessandro; Chiapponi, Luca; Giuliani, Felice
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-0445
• Evaluation of Adhesion Properties of Costa Rican Asphalt Mixtures Using Bitumen Bond Strength and Contact-Angle Measurement Tests
  Abstract: Because of the geographic location of Costa Rica, the Country is subjected to one of the highest levels of precipitation in the world. As such, it is to be expected that moisture damage is the most common type of pavement failure in the Country. However, despite the previous fact, little research has been performed in quantifying the affinity of the asphalt binder and aggregates that are used. Consequently, the present study consists of an effort to characterize the strength in the bond between the asphalt binder that is used locally (PG64-22) and several types of aggregates from different parts of the Country (1 limestone and 4 distinct river gravels from several locations). Additionally, the neat asphalt binder was also modified with a commercial SBR, a modifier commonly used in Costa Rica since it is supposed to promote adhesion. To evaluate the strength of the bond between the asphalt binder and the various aggregate combinations, the Bitumen Bond Strength (BBS) test was used. The results were checked by means of a goniometer that measures the contact angle between the asphalt binder and the aggregate surface, which corresponds to a measure of wettability. Finally, a subset of the analyzed asphalt binder and aggregate combinations were used to prepare an HMA mixture and evaluate it under the Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device (HWTD).The BBS results showed differences in behavior due to the effect of moisture on bond strength when changing the aggregate source. Additionally, depending on the aggregate type, different types of failure were observed: cohesive vs. adhesive. A decrease was identified in the bond strength when the SBR was used. However, when using the modifier, the effect of moisture on bond strength was reduced. The BBS results were consistent with the contact angle measurements and with the HWTD results, showing that the test can eventually be implemented as a screening tool.
  Authors: Aguiar-Moya, José Pablo; Loria-Salazar, Luis; Salazar, Jorge; Corrales-Azofeifa, Jose; Villegas, Ernesto; Hajj, Elie Y
  Authors: Aguiar-Moya, José Pablo; Loria-Salazar, Luis; Salazar, Jorge; Corrales-Azofeifa, Jose; Villegas, Ernesto; Hajj, Elie Y
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-0743
• Effectiveness of Heavier Tack Coat on Field Performance of Open-Graded Friction Course
  Abstract: Compared to a conventional hot mix asphalt mixture, open-graded friction course (OGFC) is more prone to pavement distresses such as cracking and raveling, resulting in a shorter service life. One way to potentially improve the performance of OGFC is to enhance the interface bond between the OGFC and the underlying layer by applying a heavier tack coat. The study presented in this paper was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of using a heavier tack coat on the field performance of OGFC by comparing the field performance of the same OGFC mixture placed in Sections N1 and N2 on the NCAT Pavement Test Track. In Section N1, a heavier polymer-modified tack coat was applied using a spray paver right before the OGFC layer was placed. In Section N2, a trackless tack was applied at a regular application rate using a distributor truck. The sections were trafficked to 10 million equivalent single axle loads by a fleet of heavy trucks for two years. Field performance of these two sections was monitored on a weekly basis. The field performance characteristics measured include pavement stiffness, pavement structural response, surface functional characteristics, and pavement distresses. The results of this study showed that the OGFC layer in Section N1 in which a heavier tack coat was applied performed better than that of Section N2 in which a conventional tack coat was used. It is recommended that a heavier tack coat be used to improve the performance of OGFC surfaces.
  Authors: Tran, Nam; Timm, David H.; Powell, Raymond Lee; Sholar, Gregory Allen; Willis, James Richard
  Authors: Tran, Nam; Timm, David H.; Powell, Raymond Lee; Sholar, Gregory Allen; Willis, James Richard
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-1431
• Development, Implementation, and Verification of Performance Based Specifications for High-Performance Thin-Lift Overlay Mixtures
  Abstract: State DOT agencies from the Northeast Pavement Preservation Partnership (NEPPP) as well as the Pennsylvania Asphalt Pavement Association (PAPA) were involved in the development of a pilot specification for high performance thin overlay (HiPO) mixtures. The pilot specification addressed surface preparation, material properties (binder, aggregate, tack coat), mixture design requirements, Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) testing requirements, performance criteria for the asphalt binder in terms of thermal cracking, and mixture performance criteria in terms of reflective cracking, thermal cracking, fatigue cracking, and rutting. The National Center for Pavement Preservation (NCPP) published and posted the pilot specification on the AASHTO Transportation System Preservation Technical Services Program (AASHTO TSP2) web site. From the posting of the pilot specification, multiple state agencies expressed interest in utilizing the pilot specification for demonstration paving projects.In 2011, three state agencies (Minnesota, New Hampshire, and Vermont) placed demonstration projects of the HiPO mixture incorporating up to 25% RAP. The focus of this study was to assist the three state DOT agencies in evaluating the performance of the plant produced mixtures from the field projects in the laboratory based on performance criterion listed in the pilot specification. Based on the evaluation of the mixtures and field observations, several recommendations are provided to refine the pilot specification. In particular, it is recommended to put more emphasis on the testing of the RAP materials as it has showed a significant impact on the performance of the mixtures. Additionally, several criteria will be monitored in order to correlate with field performance.
  Authors: Mogawer, Walaa S.; Austerman, Alexander J.; Kluttz, Robert Q.; Mohammad, Louay N.
  Authors: Mogawer, Walaa S.; Austerman, Alexander J.; Kluttz, Robert Q.; Mohammad, Louay N.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-2728
• Investigation of Possible Improvements of Interface Strength in Asphalt Pavements
  Abstract: Several treatments of the interface between binder and wearing courses are presented and their results may be used for outlining possible ways to improve the interlayer bond strength. The investigated operations are performed on hot binder course, by roughening the binder surface so to ensure a better locking (tracks of a toothed compactor roller, chip coat with different sizes and materials), and on cold binder course, by simulating the operation of overlay with the traditional techniques (hot bitumen and tack coats for two residual application rates) along with furrowed, dirty or smooth binder course surface. The shear strength features are evaluated through the Sapienza Inclined Shear Test Machine.According to the achievements, all the interface treatments show an improvement in the shear behavior in comparison with the case with no treatment. The operations performed on binder course to modify its surface record a considerable improvement of the shear strength. In contrast to the expectations, the higher results are achieved by those treatments intended to reproduce pejorative condition of the interface.
  Authors: D'Andrea, Antonio; Tozzo, Cristina
  Authors: D'Andrea, Antonio; Tozzo, Cristina
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-3020
• Newark Airport Runway: Forensic Study Revisited
  Abstract: Loose aggregate raveling from a runway surface creates risk for foreign object damage. To reduce the probability for surface raveling and cracking, engineers often use polymer-modified asphalt (PMA), which has been widely shown to reduce pavement surface damage. Unfortunately, every paradigm of paving has exceptions, including performance expectations for PMA. When two different high-quality PMA products raveled before the conventional section on a major runway at Newark Airport, significant forensic analysis was warranted. Numerous binder and mixture properties were evaluated, with particular emphasis on moisture damage and accelerated aging coefficients that might indicate binder hardening or embrittlement. The initial (2004) forensic analysis of these five-year-old pavements eliminated moisture damage as the cause, and focused primarily on binder aging. Although significant increases in binder and mixture moduli were noted near the surface as the pavement aged, there were no definitive failure criteria that could be directly tied to the initiation of raveling or surface cracking. This older forensic study is revisited to evaluate the recently proposed Glover-Rowe parameter as a predictor of age-induced surface damage. This damage index, which is easily measured in a DSR at intermediate temperatures, has been proposed as a materials indicator for timing pavement preservation strategies. For this very limited field study, the Glover-Rowe parameter correctly predicts the unexpected onset of raveling for the two PMA sections, as well as the good performance of the conventional section, whereas other common aging/cracking parameters fail to rank the materials correctly. Further field validation of this parameter is recommended.
  Authors: King, Gayle Nathaniel; Rowe, Geoffrey M.; Reinke, Gerald H.
  Authors: King, Gayle Nathaniel; Rowe, Geoffrey M.; Reinke, Gerald H.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-3050
• Effect of Water Conditioning for Extended Periods on Properties of Asphalt Binders
  Abstract: The selection of materials that are less susceptible to moisture damage (i.e., stripping) is critical to guarantee the performance of asphalt pavements. Stripping in the asphalt mix can accelerate damage and consequently reduce pavement life. Most of the current research on moisture damage is related to the effect of water on the mastic, the aggregate, and the adhesive bond between the aggregate and the binder. However, limited research has been conducted to determine the effect of extended water exposure on the properties of asphalt binders. This paper investigates the influence of extensive water exposure on the stripping potential of asphalt binders by measuring rheological properties, bond strength and the wettability of a Colombian binder before and after immersion in water for three, six, and nine months. In this study, thin films of asphalt (i.e., height= 2 mm) were immersed in water for three, six, and nine months and comparisons were made between experimental results of unconditioned and conditioned binders. Master curves for complex modulus and phase angle were obtained using frequency sweep test in the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The bond strength between the binder and aggregates was measured with the recently developed Binder Bond Strength (BBS) test. The wettability potential of the conditioned and unconditioned binder was estimated using the Sessile Drop method. Further, Dynamic Modulus testing of mixes prepared with the unconditioned and conditioned binder was conducted. Experimental results indicate that there are significant changes in the properties of the binder after nine months of water conditioning. Further, dynamic modulus of the mixes prepared with the binder conditioned for nine months is significantly higher than the modulus of the unconditioned mix.
  Authors: Figueroa, Ana Sofia; Velasquez, Raul Andres; Reyes, Fredy; Bahia, Hussain U.
  Authors: Figueroa, Ana Sofia; Velasquez, Raul Andres; Reyes, Fredy; Bahia, Hussain U.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4280
• Measuring Influence of Aggregate Coating on Workability and Moisture Susceptibility of Cold-Mix Asphalt
  Abstract: The purportedly higher moisture susceptibility of emulsified asphalt mixtures relative to traditional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is a primary concern limiting their more widespread usage. Of the factors contributing to moisture susceptibility in Cold Mix Asphalt (CMA) that can be controlled by mix designers, aggregate coating is one of the most obvious physical means by which to reduce this distress. More complete aggregate coating is expected to help limit moisture susceptibility of CMA by reducing the amount of water that can be absorbed into exposed aggregate. This paper refines a recently developed method to quantify aggregate coating in CMA using digital imaging analysis and applies the procedure to several aggregate-emulsion systems to isolate factors most directly affecting aggregate coating. After identifying the most significant factors, a regression analysis of the coating matrix is used to develop quantitative models to predict coating of aggregates in CMA as a function of mix design parameters. Using models to predict several representative levels of aggregate coating, candidate mixtures were compacted in laboratory and workability and moisture susceptibility were assessed using a compactability parameter and modified Tensile Strength Ratio test, respectively. Results show that the workability and moisture susceptibility of CMA are highly dependent on the level of aggregate coating predicted by the quantitative models, suggesting that not only can the imaging procedure be used to reliably predict aggregate coating in CMA, but also could be used to develop practical, performance-based limits on plant-produced CMA mixtures in terms of aggregate coating.
  Authors: Ling, Cheng; Moraes, Raquel; Swiertz, Daniel; Bahia, Hussain U.
  Authors: Ling, Cheng; Moraes, Raquel; Swiertz, Daniel; Bahia, Hussain U.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4314
• Simplified Approach for Evaluating Interlayer Shear Resistance in Asphalt Pavement
  Abstract: The lack of interlayer shear resistance might result in slippage between pavement layers and cause U-cracking in surface. An approach to evaluate the shear resistance in asphalt pavement based on shear strength envelope for asphalt pavement interface was developed. The distributions for shear stress and normal stress in pavement interface under traffic load were analyzed by finite element method. According to the results of scatter plot of shear stress and normal stress, the formation of shear stress critical boundary was identified. The criterion which would guarantee the performance of shear resistance for tack coat materials is that there is no intersection of shear stress critical boundary and shear strength envelope. By introducing the shear fatigue equation at interface, fatigue life is connected to the parameters of shear strength envelope, cohesion (c) and internal friction angle (f). Discussions about effects of cohesion (c) and internal friction angle (f) on shear fatigue life are also conducted. Further research for incorporating shear fatigue factors into this evaluation is also discussed.
  Authors: Jia, Xiaoyang; Huang, Baoshan; Li, Lihan
  Authors: Jia, Xiaoyang; Huang, Baoshan; Li, Lihan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-3943
• Interface Layer Tack Coat Optimization
  Abstract: Interface bonding is a key factor affecting the pavement performance life. This paper focuses on optimizing in-situ tack coat application rate and field installation. The objective was to validate the lab-determined optimum residual application rate and evaluate field performance of tack coat materials. The parameters analyzed include: cleaning method, paving procedure, tack coat type, and existing pavement surface. Tack coat materials used were SS-1h, SS-1hp, and SS-1vh (non-track tack coat). Two cleaning methods were used: broom and vacuum, and air-blast. Two paving procedures were studied: conventional paving using a distributor and a regular paver, and spray-paver. Two projects were selected: Interstate 80 and Illinois Route 98. Cores were tested using the Interface Shear Test Device (ISTD). Results showed similar bond strength for both cleaning methods; however, air-blast cleaning reduced the required optimum residual application rate. The resulting interface bond strength is similar when using either of the paving procedures considered. SS-1vh performed better than any other material studied. Identification of the optimum tack coat application rate will help ensure cost-effective and efficient tack coat application in the field.
  Authors: Salinas, Alejandro; Al-Qadi, Imad L.; Hasiba, Khaled; Ozer, Hasan; Leng, Zhen; Parish, Derek
  Authors: Salinas, Alejandro; Al-Qadi, Imad L.; Hasiba, Khaled; Ozer, Hasan; Leng, Zhen; Parish, Derek
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4576
• Tack Coat Optimization: Testing Device Development and Laboratory Testing
  Abstract: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of various tack coats and determine the optimum residual application rates for three pavement surfaces: unmilled aged nontrafficked, milled aged, and unmilled aged trafficked asphalt concrete (AC). The study also examined the influences of tack coat curing time, temperature, asphalt mixture type, and surface texture on the performance of tack coats. The study considered four tack coat materials: SS-1hp, high float emulsion (HFE), SS-1vh (very hard, non-track emulsion), and binder grade (PG 64-22). The tack coat was optimized at residual rates of 0.00 to 0.36 L/m2 (0.00 to 0.08 gal/yd2). Three curing times were considered: 0.25, 2, and 24 hrs. Two overlay mixes (9.5-mm surface mix and 4.75-mm surface mix) were used. Prior to testing, the specimens were conditioned at four temperatures: -15°C, 5°C, 25°C, and 45°C (5°F, 41°F, 77°F, and 113°F). The study found that the optimum tack coat residual rate was 0.18 L/m2 (0.04 gal/yd2) for trafficked and nontrafficked unmilled aged AC surfaces, while the optimum residual rate for milled AC was 0.26 L/m2 (0.06 gal/yd2). SS-1vh tack coat showed superior performance over the other tested tack coats. The optimum curing time was determined to be 2 hrs. Milling the surface improved interface shear strength. The interface shear resistance was greater when the surface nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) increased from 4.75 mm to 9.5 mm. Increasing the temperature resulted in a reduction in shear strength. However, the shear strength also reduced when the temperature becomes below the glassy temperature. ¬Result analysis showed that SS-1vh has the greatest stiffness amongst the tested tack coats. This increases with temperature reduction in spite of loss in interface shear strength.
  Authors: Hasiba, Khaled; Al-Qadi, Imad L.; Salinas, Alejandro; Ozer, Hasan; Leng, Zhen; Parish, Derek
  Authors: Hasiba, Khaled; Al-Qadi, Imad L.; Salinas, Alejandro; Ozer, Hasan; Leng, Zhen; Parish, Derek
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4597
• Pull-off Test for Evaluation of Asphalt Pavement Interface
  Abstract: This paper presents the development process of modified pull-off test for measurement of in-situ pavement interface bonding strength. The modified test method was validated using two case studies (i.e., delaminated vs. non-delaminated pavements on I-65 and intelligent compacted vs. non-intelligent compacted pavements on US-52) and used for developing a correlation model for estimating a probability of delamination failure at a given pull-off bonding strength. In addition, methodologies for probabilistic interpretations with pull-off test results were explored.The results demonstrated that the modified pull-off test showed its applicability in measurement of interface bonding condition with both weak and strong conditions. Additionally, its results revealed the statistically significant difference between pull-off bonding strength between delaminated and non-delaminated pavement sections. Another result was The different compaction practices (with and without employing the IC technology) were a minor factor influencing the interface bond condition of the US-52 test pavement sections. Using the pull-off test results, correlation between the pull-off bonding strength and the delamination was modeled and evaluated by the statistical analysis in this study. Based on the model, the methodologies with threshold-based and severity-based delamination estimation are introduced and deemed to be effective in assessment of pavement condition.
  Authors: Ahn, Hyung Jun; Lee, Jusang
  Authors: Ahn, Hyung Jun; Lee, Jusang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4956
• Development of Three-Point Bending Single-Edge Notched Beam Interface Bond Test
  Abstract: One of the most substantial parameters influencing performance and service life of a pavement structure is the quality of the bonding between adjacent layers. When a HMA surface layer bonds poorly to the layers below, the ability of the pavement to effectively bear loads and transfer radial tensile and shear stresses from one layer to another reduces significantly leading to different types of distresses in pavement system which can result in reduction of pavement structural integrity. Although significant number of research studies has been directed towards the interface bonding, research of interface bonding using fundamental fracture mechanics is still in its infancy and satisfactory laboratory tests and analyses have yet to be developed. The main objectives of this paper are to describe the selection and development of a three-point bending single-edge notched beam fracture test to evaluate the bonding between adjacent pavement layers and to assess the test through testing of field specimens. Tests were performed to develop test procedure, to investigate test repeatability, to examine variations of interface fracture energy with temperatures and loading rates and to investigate interface bonding in mixed mode. The results from the tests follow expected trends and test variability appears to be within the typical ranges for interface bond tests. The study clearly shows the ability of the test to evaluate the quality of the bonding between pavement layers and to generate fundamental fracture data that can be used in computational models in order to facilitate system optimization and linkage between material properties and field performance.
  Authors: Hakimzadeh, Salman; Buttlar, William G.; Exline, Marvin
  Authors: Hakimzadeh, Salman; Buttlar, William G.; Exline, Marvin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-5217
• Moisture Susceptibility Evaluation of Warm-Mix Asphalt Concrete Using Cyclic Direct Tension Tests and Digital Imaging Analysis
  Abstract: This paper presents the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) material model, based on cyclic direct tension testing and layered viscoelastic analysis (LVEA), for the evaluation of moisture susceptibility of asphalt concrete. The visual stripping inspection afforded by digital imaging analysis is also proposed as an intuitive and straightforward method for moisture susceptibility evaluation. These methods are applied to a Superpave 19 mm hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture and corresponding warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures modified by a polyethylene wax-type additive with and without an anti-stripping agent. It is found that the fatigue life predicted by the S-VECD and LVEA models has a strong correlation with the percentage of stripping determined from specimen surfaces that have been fractured during cyclic direct tension testing of the HMA and WMA mixtures with various asphalt contents. Finally, a polyethylene wax-type additive combined with an anti-stripping agent is found to provide a longer fatigue life and less stripping than a pure polyethylene wax-type additive. The findings from this paper should provide guidance to agencies and material engineers in developing asphalt binder modifiers that lengthen the fatigue life of pavements and reduce moisture susceptibility.
  Authors: Lee, Jong-Sub; Lee, Jae-Jun; Kwon, Soo-Ahn; Kim, Y. Richard
  Authors: Lee, Jong-Sub; Lee, Jae-Jun; Kwon, Soo-Ahn; Kim, Y. Richard
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4695
• Effectiveness of Heavier Tack Coat on Field Performance of Open-Graded Friction Course
  Authors: Tran, Nam
  Authors: Tran, Nam
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-1431
• Simplified Approach for Evaluating Interlayer Shear Resistance in Asphalt Pavement
  Authors: Jia, Xiaoyang
  Authors: Jia, Xiaoyang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-3943
• Interface Layer Tack Coat Optimization
  Authors: Hasiba, Khaled
  Authors: Hasiba, Khaled
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4576
• Moisture Susceptibility Evaluation of Warm-Mix Asphalt Concrete Using Cyclic Direct Tension Tests and Digital Imaging Analysis
  Authors: Lee, Jong-Sub
  Authors: Lee, Jong-Sub
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4695
• Pull-off Test for Evaluation of Asphalt Pavement Interface
  Authors: Lee, Jusang
  Authors: Lee, Jusang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4956
• Evaluation of Adhesion Properties of Costa Rican Asphalt Mixtures Using Bitumen Bond Strength and Contact-Angle Measurement Tests
  Authors: Aguiar-Moya, Jose
  Authors: Aguiar-Moya, Jose
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-0743
• Newark Airport Runway: Forensic Study Revisited
  Authors: King, Gayle
  Authors: King, Gayle
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-3050
• Tack Coat Optimization: Testing Device Development and Laboratory Testing
  Authors: Hasiba, Khaled
  Authors: Hasiba, Khaled
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4597
• Measuring Influence of Aggregate Coating on Workability and Moisture Susceptibility of Cold-Mix Asphalt
  Authors: Ling, Cheng
  Authors: Ling, Cheng
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Materials
  Session: 655
  Paper Number: 13-4314