2013 Session: 700

• Analysis of pedestrian-vehicle traffic conflicts in street designs with elements of shared space
  Abstract: This paper investigates changes in pedestrian-vehicle traffic conflicts in urban streets redesigned according to the principles of shared space, using a recently developed Pedestrian-Vehicle Conflicts Analysis (PVCA) method. In a first step, the PVCA method is revised to more accurately reflect the features of shared space: this includes the definition of a systematic process for identifying conflict occurrences on one hand, and the full quantification of the conflict severity grading process on the other. Then, the refined PVCA method is applied to a case study in London, using video data from periods before and after the redevelopment of the Exhibition Road site from a conventional dual carriageway to a modern design with some elements of shared space. The results of the comparative analysis carried out indicate a general decrease in traffic conflict rates as a result of the redesign, but also highlight specific issues that may require additional analysis.
  Authors: Kaparias, Ioannis; Bell, Michael G.H.; Dong, Weili; Sastrawinata, Aditya; Singh, Amritpal; Wang, Xuxi; Mount, Bill
  Authors: Kaparias, Ioannis; Bell, Michael G.H.; Dong, Weili; Sastrawinata, Aditya; Singh, Amritpal; Wang, Xuxi; Mount, Bill
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 700
  Paper Number: 13-0309
• Build It and They Will Yield: Study of Motorist Yield Compliance and Pedestrian Delay at Marked Crosswalks on Multilane Roadway
  Abstract: The purpose of this report is to describe the interaction between motorists and pedestrians at various marked crosswalk locations along Cabrillo Boulevard, a multilane street in the Coastal Zone of Santa Barbara. Data on motorist yield compliance by lane, and observed pedestrian delay to cross are recorded in the presence of traffic, before and after the construction of pedestrian refuge islands and curb extensions. These data are assessed to describe the effectiveness of the treatment under actual field operational conditions. The measures of effectiveness include: crossing delay, number of motorists failing to yield, and distance drivers yield from the crosswalk.
  Authors: van Hengel, Drusilla
  Authors: van Hengel, Drusilla
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 700
  Paper Number: 13-3084
• Effects of High-Visibility Enforcement on Driver Compliance to Pedestrian Yield Right-of-Way Laws
  Abstract: This study examined the effects of a one-year high visibility pedestrian right-of-way enforcement program on yielding to pedestrians at uncontrolled crosswalks, some of which received enforcement and some of which that did not. The program included four 2-week enforcement waves, supported by education and engineering components that increased the visibility of enforcement. The study produced five results. 1. Enforcement led to a slow and steady increase in the percentage of drivers yielding right-of-way to pedestrians over the year. 2. The program produced a large change in yielding over the course of the year. 3. The program produced higher levels of yielding to natural pedestrian crossings than to staged crossing and the changes in both were highly correlated. 4.The effects of the program generalized to crosswalks that were not targeted for pedestrian right-of-way enforcement. 5.The amount of generalization to unenforced sites was inversely proportional to the distance from sites that received enforcement.
  Authors: Van Houten, Ronald G.; Malenfant, J.E. Louis; Huitema, Brad; Blomberg, Richard D.
  Authors: Van Houten, Ronald G.; Malenfant, J.E. Louis; Huitema, Brad; Blomberg, Richard D.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 700
  Paper Number: 13-1077
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Effect of Advance Yield Markings and Symbolic Signs on Vehicle-Pedestrian Conflicts: Field Evaluation
  Abstract: The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has made walkable communities a priority. Pedestrian safety is a key to the success of this objective. Pedestrians are at especially high risk when traversing unsignalized, marked crosswalks located either midblock or at T-intersections, especially when a vehicle adjacent to the driver is blocking his or her view of a crossing pedestrian. A number of treatments have been proposed as ways to reduce crashes at such crosswalks in such situations. Two such experiments were conducted in the town of Greenfield, MA, to assess the effectiveness of advance yield markings on drivers’ scanning for pedestrians and to study their yielding behavior. Advance yield markings consist of a line of white triangles twenty to fifty feet in advance of the crosswalk together with a sign indicating that drivers should yield at the markings. The first experiment was an observational one involving a staged pedestrian while the second experiment is an in-vehicle field study conducted on an open road course in Greenfield, MA. Results demonstrated that advance yield markings, coupled with the vacating of parking spots immediately adjacent to the crosswalk to clear the sightline of approaching vehicles to pedestrians entering the crosswalk, improved yielding compliance. In addition, when advance yield markings and warning signs were present, drivers approaching the crosswalk were more likely to scan areas to the sides of the roadway at crosswalks in anticipation of a pedestrian entering the crosswalk.
  Authors: Samuel, Siby; Romoser, Matthew Ryan Elam; Roman Gerardino, Luis; Hamid, Malek; Gomez, Radhameris A; Knodler, Michael A.; Collura, John; Fisher, Donald L.
  Authors: Samuel, Siby; Romoser, Matthew Ryan Elam; Roman Gerardino, Luis; Hamid, Malek; Gomez, Radhameris A; Knodler, Michael A.; Collura, John; Fisher, Donald L.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 700
  Paper Number: 13-4358
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Effects of High-Visibility Enforcement on Driver Compliance to Pedestrian Yield Right-of-Way Laws
  Authors: Van Houten, Ronald
  Authors: Van Houten, Ronald
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 700
  Paper Number: 13-1077
• Analysis of pedestrian-vehicle traffic conflicts in street designs with elements of shared space
  Authors: Kaparias, Ioannis
  Authors: Kaparias, Ioannis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 700
  Paper Number: 13-0309
• Build It and They Will Yield: Study of Motorist Yield Compliance and Pedestrian Delay at Marked Crosswalks on Multilane Roadway
  Authors: van Hengel, Drusilla
  Authors: van Hengel, Drusilla
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 700
  Paper Number: 13-3084
• Effect of Advance Yield Markings and Symbolic Signs on Vehicle-Pedestrian Conflicts: Field Evaluation
  Authors: Romoser, Matthew
  Authors: Romoser, Matthew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 700
  Paper Number: 13-4358