2013 Session: 703

• Research on Dynamic Bending Behavior of Composite Beam Model for Asphalt Overlay on Steel Bridge Deck
  Abstract: A three-point composite beams model simulating asphalt overlay on orthotropic steel bridge deck was studied in this paper, which was designed for investigation of the dynamic bending behaviour of composite structure. Beam specimens were tested at three temperatures (5, 25, 45¡æ) and six frequencies (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20Hz) for the determination of the effect of temperature and frequency on the dynamic bending behaviour of composite beam. A Finite Element (FE) model was constructed to simulate the composite beam. The modulus of the asphalt overlay and the stiffness of the bonding layer were obtained by updating the material parameters in the FE model to fit the experimental results.The test results show that the dynamic deflection of composite beam increases with increasing temperature, but decreases with increase in frequency. The strains distribution in the epoxy asphalt overlay is almost linear but the shearing deformation of the bonding layer exists. With increasing modulus of the overlay and stiffness of the bonding layer, dynamic deflection of composite beam significantly reduced. The results also show that calculated strain distribution agrees fairly well with the results obtained from the dynamic bending tests on the composite beam.
  Authors: Yao, Bo
  Authors: Yao, Bo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Design; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 703
  Paper Number: 13-2595
• Bridge Building for Rural Developing Communities
  Abstract: Bridges to Prosperity (B2P) is a non-profit organization that focuses on being a primary depository and training centre for low cost, robust, long-span bridge structures for rural applications. Bridging the Gap Africa (BtGA), another non-profit bridge building organization, concentrates efforts on providing safe river crossings for rural communities in East Africa. The two organizations focus on building cable-supported bridges over impassable rivers to provide access to health care, education and market opportunities while decreasing risk of injuries or death.
  Authors: Rehm, Kelley; Bang, Avery
  Authors: Rehm, Kelley; Bang, Avery
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Design; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 703
  Paper Number: 13-1406
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Modeling and Load Rating of Two Bridges Designed with AASHTO and Florida I-Beam Girders
  Abstract: Florida I-Beam (FIB) girders provide a number of advantages such as higher load carrying capacity, more efficient fabrication, safer construction, increased lateral stiffness, larger vertical clearance and reduction in the overall cost of bridges. A comparative study incorporating two bridges, one with AASHTO Type III and the other with new Florida I-Beam (FIB) girders is presented. The first bridge is a 3 span bridge designed with 6 AASHTO Type III girders. The second bridge has the same length, width and girder depth; however, it has 4 FIB girders. Both bridges are analyzed using the conventional AASHTO LRFD girder line analysis method and also with a more sophisticated finite element method using a commercial software. The details of the FE model are also presented with the critical considerations of link elements, boundary conditions, pre-stressing tendons. Based on the FE model results, it is shown that it is possible to expect 20% higher live load capacity for interior girders and 40% higher live load capacity for exterior girders using FIB-45 girders compared to AASHTO Type III girders, while also reducing the cost by about 24%.
  Authors: Catbas, F. Necati; Darwash, Haider; Fadul, Manar
  Authors: Catbas, F. Necati; Darwash, Haider; Fadul, Manar
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Design; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 703
  Paper Number: 13-2212
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Calculation Method for Quantifying Axial and Roll Stiffnesses for Rectangular Steel-Reinforced Elastomeric Bridge Bearing Pads
  Abstract: Accurate estimates of bearing stiffnesses are often necessary for bridge design and construction calculations. In the case of steel-reinforced elastomeric bearing pads, it is often difficult to estimate compression stiffness or roll stiffness due to the complex deformations of the elastomer. In this paper, a numerical analysis method is presented for estimating axial and roll stiffnesses of bearing pads. To validate the axial calculation method, experimental compression tests are performed on pads specimens constructed in accordance with Florida design standards. Additionally, a method for calculating roll stiffness is presented, in which the pad is modeled as a grid of compression-only axial springs (a grillage). The grillage method is partially derived from experimental measurements of roll stiffness that were performed in a separate study. It is demonstrated that the grillage method accurately captures the non-linear moment-rotation behavior caused by liftoff of the girder from the pad and the observed sensitivity to initial compressive load caused by girder weight. Consideration is also given to reductions in roll stiffness caused by girder slope relative to the pad.
  Authors: Harper, Zachary S.; Consolazio, Gary
  Authors: Harper, Zachary S.; Consolazio, Gary
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Design; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 703
  Paper Number: 13-3640
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Bridge Building for Rural Developing Communities
  Authors: Bang, Avery
  Authors: Bang, Avery
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Design; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 703
  Paper Number: 13-1406
• Modeling and Load Rating of Two Bridges Designed with AASHTO and Florida I-Beam Girders
  Authors: Catbas, F. Necati
  Authors: Catbas, F. Necati
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Design; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 703
  Paper Number: 13-2212
• Calculation Method for Quantifying Axial and Roll Stiffnesses for Rectangular Steel-Reinforced Elastomeric Bridge Bearing Pads
  Authors: Consolazio, Gary
  Authors: Consolazio, Gary
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Design; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 703
  Paper Number: 13-3640