2013 Subject Index: Aviation

• Analysis Framework for Designing Two-Device Checked Baggage Inspection Systems at Airports
  Abstract: This paper presents a decision support analysis framework for selecting screening devices, their sensitivity parameters and detection thresholds in a two-device system for automated, non-intrusive inspection of checked baggage at airports. The analysis procedure assumes that the output signals of a screening device, when presented with a baggage with or without security threat, may be modeled by probability distributions. Compared with the pre-specified thresholds, the probability of making wrong decisions (false clear and false alarm) for the baggage may then be estimated. An objective function is then formulated to minimize the total expected cost of screening errors. Based on this framework, two decision criteria, one based on the minimum total expected cost and another one incorporates the operating characteristic curve of the system, are recommended. The application of the analysis framework is demonstrated with a hypothetical problem based on published data.
  Authors: Cheu, Ruey Long; Blejcharova, Nela; Bína, Ladislav
  Authors: Cheu, Ruey Long; Blejcharova, Nela; Bína, Ladislav
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-0132
• Is There Still A Southwest Effect?
  Abstract: The US airline industry is going through a period of consolidation through mergers between leading airlines. A number of recent mergers have been approved by the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ) based on the presence of Southwest Airlines in merger-affected markets. In doing so, the DOJ makes a key assumption that Southwest is unresponsive in its pricing strategy to the reduced competition when its competitors merge. Numerous studies have validated the so-called “Southwest Effect”, where potential or actual entry by Southwest Airlines is associated with lower market fares. However, considerably less work has examined Southwest’s post-entry pricing strategies. In this study, we find that Southwest raised fares more in markets affected by the Delta/Northwest and US/America-West mergers, between 2005-2010. However, Southwest’s fares either decreased or rose by less if facing direct or adjacent competition from a low-cost carrier (LCC). Furthermore, Southwest is now merging with AirTran Airways, its biggest LCC competitor and the strongest deterrent to raising its prices in merger-affected markets. This implies that Southwest is no longer a suitable deterrent to post-merger fare hikes, particularly in the absence of other LCCs in those markets.
  Authors: bin Salam, Sakib
  Authors: bin Salam, Sakib
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics
  Session: AV040
  Paper Number: 13-0429
• Behavioral Traits and Airport Type Affect Mammal Incidents With U.S. Civil Aircraft
  Abstract: Worldwide, it is estimated that Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions (WVCs) are responsible for > US$4 billion in annual damages from vehicle collisions on roads and civil aircraft collisions alone. Wildlife incidents with aircraft cost the United States civil aviation industry an estimated > US $1.4 billion in damages and loss of revenue from 1990 to 2009. Although terrestrial mammals represent 2.3% of wildlife aviation incidents, damage to aircraft occurs in 59% of mammal incidents. Behavioral traits and size of mammal species and differences in mammal management techniques may produce temporal, frequency, species richness, and damage in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Wildlife Strike Database from 1990–2010 to characterize and analyze these incidents by airport type: Part-139 certified (certificated) and general aviation (GA). Relative hazard scores were also generated for species most frequently involved in incidents based on damage and effect on flight. We found incidents were most frequent in October (n = 215) at certificated airports, and November (n = 111) at GA airports, but overall, more incidents were reported in August (n = 310) at all airports. Most (63.2%) incidents at all airports (n = 1,523) occurred at night but the greatest incident rate occurred at dusk (177.3 incidents/hr). Certificated airports had more than twice as many incidents as GA airports and “other” airports. Certificated airports had incidents with more species or groups (n = 41) than GA airports (n = 28) or “other” airports (n = 20). More incidents with damage (n = 1,594) occurred at GA airports (38.6%) than certificated airports (19.0%), or “other” airports (n = 1.76%). Artiodactlya incidents incurred the greatest (92.4%) damage costs (n = 326) at all airports, followed by Carnivora (7.3%). Mule deer (Odocoileus hermionus) was the most hazardous (hazard score = 100) species, followed by white-tailed deer (89), and domestic dog (78). Overall, relative hazard score increased with increasing log body mass. We recommend biologists evaluate mammal species present on airport grounds based on the aircraft hazard information we provide and consider prioritizing management strategies that emphasize reducing occurrence of species on airport property.
  Authors: Biondi, Kristin M.
  Authors: Biondi, Kristin M.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: AV030
  Paper Number: 13-0430
• Depeaking Schedules: Beneficial for Airports and Airlines?
  Abstract: Post deregulation, many U.S. airlines created hubs with banked schedules, however, in the past decade these same airlines began to experiment with depeaking their schedules to reduce costs and improve operational performance. To date there has been little research that has investigated revenue shifts associated with depeaked schedules; yet understanding the trade-offs among revenue, costs, and operational performance at a network level is critical before airlines will consider further depeaking and related congestion-management strategies. This paper develops data cleaning and analysis methodologies based on publicly available data that are used to quantify airport-level and network-level revenue changes associated with schedule depeaking. These methodologies are applied to a case study of Delta’s depeaking of Atlanta. Results show that depeaking was associated with Delta’s revenue increasing slower than the rest of the network and the industry as a whole, but could have made a profit if costs were cut to a great enough degree. The Atlanta airport likely benefits from the increase in connection time. The methodologies developed in this paper can be extended to other depeaking cases to provide a comprehensive assessment of revenue shifts and to understand airport and network characteristics that are most conducive to schedule depeaking.
  Authors: Katz, Donald Samuel
  Authors: Katz, Donald Samuel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics
  Session: AV040
  Paper Number: 13-0433
• Reduction of Collisions Between Aircraft and Surface Vehicles Through ADS-B Enabled Conflict Alerting on the Airport Surface
  Abstract: Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) will be the basis of the future surveillance system in the US as well as in many other countries. The more frequent and more accurate information available via ADS-B opens an opportunity to potentially improve performance of conflict alerting systems for vehicles operating on airport surfaces. Ten years of National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) airport surface accident reports were reviewed and four encounter scenarios created, representing the most commonly observed interactions between aircraft and airport surface vehicles. A Concept of Operation was then defined for how an ADS-B based alerting system can take advantage of ADS-B specific information to generate alerts in each of those four encounter scenarios. Using historical ADS-B data from the Boston Logan, Philadelphia and Louisville airports, proof of concept was established. The concepts show promise in reducing the uncertainty in alerting systems that is present due to not knowing the intent of the operator. Instead of “guessing” at future states by propagating trajectories, an alerting system would compare expected behavior to actual behavior and alert if a deviation is observed.
  Authors: Kunzi, Fabrice
  Authors: Kunzi, Fabrice
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 706
  Paper Number: 13-0434
• Leveraging Probe Data to Assess Security Checkpoint Wait Times
  Abstract: The process of travelling to an airport, passing through various processes, and ultimately departing the airport involves many activities. This paper focuses on using probe data obtained from phones with discoverable Bluetooth devices to sample the time it takes passengers to transit from the non-sterile to sterile side of an airport facility. To collect this data, the Kenton County Airport board partnered with Purdue University to conduct a study at the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International airport (CVG) over a 3 week study period, during the 2011 Thanksgiving holiday. Bluetooth Monitoring Stations (BMSs) were used to collect unique identifiers from approximately 46,000 unique devices and compute over 1.5 million travel time between 17 different BMSs. Using a Pareto distribution approach, hourly security wait times were ordered and a methodology was developed to identify periods where there might be opportunities to reduce wait times (relative to a specified maximum wait time) by opening more lanes as well as periods where there might be opportunities to reduce the number of lanes operating. Using this methodology, it was determined that only 5 hours during the study period had median wait times of greater than 20 minutes during the month of November in 2011. The paper concludes by discussing how this technique can be used to perform longitudinal comparisons between airports as additional airports begin automating the collection of checkpoint wait times.
  Authors: Hainen, Alexander Michael; Remias, Stephen Matthew
  Authors: Hainen, Alexander Michael; Remias, Stephen Matthew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: AV090
  Paper Number: 13-0435
• Social Media and Primary Commercial Service Airports
  Abstract: Throughout the past decade the aviation industry in the United States has continually encountered significant socio-economic burdens. Most notable, the tragic events of September 11th left the industry highly susceptible to economic turmoil, such as the global recession accentuated by record high fuel prices, as well as sociological events like world pandemic in the form of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The nation’s airports, the infrastructure supporting this industry, are no exception. In conjunction with these onerous events, continuing cuts in intergovernmental funding sources, as well as weakened revenue streams, have forced airports to utilize contemporary tools, strategies, and techniques to reinforce traditional management functions. Social media platforms such as blogs, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Foursquare, are a growing trend throughout various public and private industries to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and overall yield in regard to marketing and communication strategies. Consistent with New Public Management and the reinvention of government in the 1980s, conducive of cost-efficiency and customer-centric approaches, airports utilize social media to increase self-sufficiency by reducing expenditures associated with traditional marketing and communication modes. In addition, social media technologies enable airports to more effectively target, engage, and foster two-way communication with a multitude of audiences. This study provides an overview of these popular social media services. In addition this study empirically examines, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the current usage of social media throughout Primary Commercial Service airports. Statistics on airport usage and best practices are provided supporting preliminary guidance on the use of social media at airports.
  Authors: Stambaugh, Clayton
  Authors: Stambaugh, Clayton
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: AV020
  Paper Number: 13-0436
• Consensus-Building Mechanism for Setting Service Expectations in Air Traffic Flow Management
  Abstract: A significant challenge of effective air traffic flow management (ATFM) is to allow for various competing airlines to collaborate with an air navigation service provider (ANSP) in determining flow management initiatives. This challenge has led over the past 15 years to the development of a broad approach to ATFM known as collaborative decision making (CDM). A set of CDM principles has evolved to guide the development of specific tools that support ATFM resource allocation. However, these principles have not been extended to cover the problem of providing strategic advice to an ANSP in the initial planning stages of traffic management initiatives. In this paper, we describe a mechanism whereby competing airlines provide “consensus” advice to an ANSP using a voting mechanism. It is based on the recently developed Majority Judgment voting procedure. The result of the procedure is a consensus real-valued vector, that must satisfy a set of constraints imposed by the weather and traffic conditions of the day in question. While we developed and modeled this problem based on specific ATFM features, it appears to be highly generic and amenable to a much broader set of applications. Our analysis of this problem involves several interesting subproblems, including a type of column generation process that creates candidate vectors for input to the voting process.
  Authors: Swaroop, Prem
  Authors: Swaroop, Prem
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-0437
• Equitable Resource Allocation Mechanisms During Reduced Airspace Capacity
  Abstract: During bad weather, the Federal Aviation Administration is using various Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) initiatives to alleviate the problems associated with imbalanced demand and capacity. A new concept that was recently introduced to be part of the Airspace Flow Programs (AFPs) is the Collaborative Trajectory Options Program (CTOP), where customers are allowed to submit cost-weighted sets of alternative trajectory options for their flights. In this research we propose a meaningful way for carriers to express some preference structure during AFP. We also propose a resource mechanism allocation that will improve the system efficiency and at the same time will take into account the preferences of the airlines. First we examined how the results from using the proposed preference structure of airlines is compared to Ration By Schedule (RBS). Then we examined how the allocation mechanism proposed works compared to RBS.
  Authors: Vlachou, Kleoniki
  Authors: Vlachou, Kleoniki
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-0438
• Creating an Air Traffic Analysis Structure to Support Forecasting
  Abstract: A well structured analytical process for air traffic is required at NAV CANADA for two main reasons. The first is for forecasting and the continued enhancement of the empirical forecasting models that are currently under development. The second is to respond to questions regarding the air traffic activity during recent periods. This paper describes the process and levels of analysis without any discussion regarding the results. Results from May 2012 are shown as the sample month.
  Authors: Cripwell, Paul
  Authors: Cripwell, Paul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-0482
• Evaluating the Performance of Doweled and Isolation Joints at National Airport Pavement Testing Facility
  Abstract: The objective of this paper is to compare the stress based load transfer efficiency, LTE(S), of transverse doweled joints and transverse isolated transition joints (reinforced and thickened edge) for six different types of pavement structures. The six pavement structures include three PCC layers with modulus of ruptures (MOR) of 500 psi (low), 750 psi (medium), and 1000 psi (high). Each of these PCC layers are constructed over two different stabilized bases, asphalt and concrete (Econocrete). LTE(S) was calculated based on strains recorded under a moving wheel load at the National Airport Pavement Testing Facility (NAPTF). Both dowel joints and isolation transition joints had lower LTE(S) values on the Econocrete base. Overall, doweled joints deteriorated throughout testing, with LTE(S) reducing as trafficking progressed. Transition joints, which are designed to allow no load transfer, exhibited higher variability throughout testing and the LTE(S) for transition joints remained, on average, lower than the LTE(S) of doweled joints. In addition, dual gage and single gage analysis methods are compared against each other for the same passes. Single gage analysis compared well with dual gage analysis, having results that were within 6% of dual gage results. Both dowel joints and isolation transition joints were analyzed using dual gage analysis methods, but only dowel joints were also analyzed using single gage analysis.
  Authors: Blotta, Felipe; Mehta, Yusuf A.; Cleary, Douglas; Cunliffe, Charles; Joshi, Akshay
  Authors: Blotta, Felipe; Mehta, Yusuf A.; Cleary, Douglas; Cunliffe, Charles; Joshi, Akshay
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 675
  Paper Number: 13-0569
• Productivity Performance of U.S. Passenger Airlines Since Deregulation
  Abstract: To evaluate US passenger airlines' productivity performance since the airline deregulation in 1978, this paper measures and compares productivity at both the US airline industry and individual carrier levels.Productivity is measured at the aggregate airline industry level in terms of multifactor productivity (MFP), the ratio of a single output to a combination of inputs, to compare industry productivity over time from 1978 to 2009. In addition, productivity is measured at the disaggregate carrier level in terms of total factor productivity (TFP), the ratio of total outputs to total inputs, to compare productivity growth across airlines and over time from 1995 to 2010.Overall, results indicate that US passenger airlines have experienced tremendous MFP improvements since deregulation despite periods of reduced productivity levels that coincide with exogenous factors including economic recessions, fuel price spikes, and other unforeseen events. Cumulative MFP in terms of airline traffic, measured in revenue-passenger miles (RPMs), and network capacity, as determined by available seat miles (ASMs), increased at 191% and 117%, respectively, between 1978 and 2009. Looking at individual US carriers’ productivity, low-cost carriers achieved rapid TFP growth in the early 2000s before leveling off in the latter portion of the decade. The restructuring efforts of legacy carriers enabled them to improve their productivity growth in the latter part of the 2000s, although at a much lower rate than their low-cost counterparts. As of 2010, although low-cost carriers had a slight advantage in TFP levels, there is evidence of continued convergence between the two carrier types.
  Authors: Powell, Robert Andre; Mwakalonge, Judith L.; Perkins, Judy A.
  Authors: Powell, Robert Andre; Mwakalonge, Judith L.; Perkins, Judy A.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-0667
• Dispersion Modeling of Lead Emissions from Piston-Engine Aircraft at General Aviation Facilities
  Abstract: In 2008 the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for lead was tightened by an order of magnitude. Additionally, general aviation is now the largest source of lead emitted to the atmosphere. The accuracy of modeled lead impacts from general aviation airports is unclear due to uncertainties in both emissions estimation and dispersion modeling. It is important to understand how well such modeling can perform when there is limited data on the aircraft activities at an airport. This study evaluated the level of accuracy that can be achieved by using aggregate activity information and using simple assumptions about the nature of activities to estimate impacts at an airport with lead monitoring.Dispersion modeling of general aviation lead emissions was performed for Centennial Airport to estimate near-field impacts from airport operations in 2011. Emissions were estimated using the Federal Aviation Administration’s Air Traffic Activity System and Emission and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS). The annual emission estimates for 2011 was 0.43 tons, which is much lower than the 0.73 tons estimated by the 2008 National Emissions Inventory. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying several emission parameters. Modeled concentrations at the on-site lead sampler were quite sensitive to the amount of run-up emissions. Concentrations modeled with Automated Surface Observing System meteorology have greater correlation with on-site measured values than concentrations modeled with Integrated Surface Hourly meteorology. Three-month average impacts modeled at the on-site lead sampling location ranged from 10 ng/m3 to 20 ng/m3, all well below the lead NAAQS of 150 ng/m3.
  Authors: Feinberg, Stephen N.
  Authors: Feinberg, Stephen N.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Environment
  Session: AV030
  Paper Number: 13-0432
• Benefit and Tradeoff Analysis of Continuous Descent Approach in Normal Traffic Conditions
  Abstract: Continuous Descent Approach has long been known as a fuel-efficient procedure due to elimination of low altitude level flights. But many studies examine the fuel savings without considering the increased separations uncertainties CDA brings about, which cause extra fuel consumption for safe spacing. This study evaluates the fuel benefits of CDA at Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson Airport taking into account the delays resulting from conflict resolutions. The fuel burn is estimated using a corrected Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption model that is designed specially for descent. The conflict-free CDAs are determined in such a way that the total arrival delays are minimized in each look-ahead time window. Resultant delays are converted to speed advisory or air holding executing in cruise phase to account for the impact of increased separations in CDAs. The fuel consumption of CDA is compared with that of real step-down trajectories extracted from radar track data. Results show that executing CDA does not guarantee fuel savings for individual arriving flight due to conflict avoidance, but the overall fuel consumption at the airport is reduced. The estimated fuel savings is less than that observed in the terminal airspace only, because deconfliction entails extra fuel consumption for delays absorption beyond the immediate terminal airspace.
  Authors: Cao, Yi
  Authors: Cao, Yi
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: AV060
  Paper Number: 13-0431
• Exploring the Feasibility of Using Airport Data in Real-Time Risk Assessment
  Abstract: The effect of reduction of visibility on crash occurrence has recently been a major concern. Although visibility detection systems can help to mitigate the increased hazard of limited-visibility, such systems are not widely implemented and many locations with no systems are experiencing considerable number of fatal crashes due to reduction in visibility caused by fog and inclement weather. On the other hand, airports’ weather stations continuously monitor all climate parameters in real-time, the gathered data may be utilized to mitigate the increased risk for the adjacent roadways. This study aims to examine the viability of using airport weather information in real-time risk assessment in locations with recurrent fog problems. Bayesian logistic regression was utilized to link 6-year (2005-2010) of historical crash data to real-time weather information collected from 8 airports in the State of Florida, roadway characteristics and aggregate traffic parameters. The results from this research depicts that real-time weather data collected from adjacent airports are good predictors to assess increased risk on highways.
  Authors: Ahmed, Mohamed M.; Abdel-Aty, Mohamed A.; Lee, Jaeyoung; Yu, Rongjie
  Authors: Ahmed, Mohamed M.; Abdel-Aty, Mohamed A.; Lee, Jaeyoung; Yu, Rongjie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-0834
• Addressing Two Issues in Airline Origin and Destination Survey
  Abstract: The methods proposed are intended to estimate historical air travel demand and capacity information which could be useful in (say) calibrating demand analysis and forecasting models. More specifically, we addressed two issues in the Airline Origin and Destination Survey data. One is that it contains some sampling errors. The other one is that it does not provide capacity information. To address the first issue, we design a constrained least square model to estimate the complete historical travel demand served by the survey participating carriers. To address the second issue, we propose an adaptive adjustment capacity estimation scheme and embed it into the solution algorithm of the constrained least square model. We applied the methods to the 2007 survey data. We found that 1) on average, about 75% of the itineraries’ actual capacities are utilized and the variance is about 7%; 2) the survey oversampled the total demand by about 0.4% and the variance of sample rate is about 1.1%.
  Authors: Lee, Tao; Baik, Hojong
  Authors: Lee, Tao; Baik, Hojong
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-1280
• State Transition of Gaze During Flight Simulation
  Abstract: The analysis of eye movements is a popular tool in traffic safety research. Among different motions of eye movements, gaze is a major parameter of eye tracking process. Besides fixation duration time and fixation duration percentage, transition matrix from one gaze state to the other can catch the dynamics of gaze patterns and capture the important features of eye movements. In this study, an inexpensive experiment system is designed to create a simulation environment where the participants can performance flight tasks. This system combines up-to-date eye tracker (FaceLAB 4.0), flight simulation (Microsoft Flight Simulator X and Logitech G940), and data management tools. Experiments are designed to test critical flight phases under different meteorological conditions. During the experiments, gaze views are divided into three zones: cabin instrument panel, outside and others. Markov Chain models are applied to analyze the data collected from the experiment system. State transition probability matrix and stationary distribution vector are computed. The result shows that there are no significant differences among gaze state transition matrixes, for all the scenarios. In addition, the total flight time and gaze ratio on zones are unstable.
  Authors: Dong, Shen; Wang, Ning; Zhang, Yu
  Authors: Dong, Shen; Wang, Ning; Zhang, Yu
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-1440
• Impact of Cracking on Load Transfer Efficiency of Rigid Airfield Pavements
  Abstract: The mechanistic evaluation of pavement utilizing full scale test data is an important component to the study of pavement behavior. This study focuses on the use of concrete strain gages (CSG) and crack location data to evaluate the effect of localized cracking on the stress-based load transfer efficiency (LTE (S)) of transverse doweled pavement joints. Concrete strain gage data generated from the full scale testing carried out by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) at the National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF) has been analyzed in this study. Load Transfer Efficiency was determined from paired concrete strain gages for the test vehicle moving in opposite directions at two specific locations, resulting in four distinct cases of LTE (S). It was found that LTE (S) varies as loading progresses on the test sections, especially after cracking near the joint has occurred on the slabs. Additionally, peak strains from gages located at the joint can be used to evaluate the behavior of LTE (S) during the formation of cracks on the slab, in particular the case where the cracks have formed close to the doweled joint but are not yet visible on the surface.
  Authors: Cunliffe, Charles; Mehta, Yusuf A.; Cleary, Douglas; Joshi, Akshay
  Authors: Cunliffe, Charles; Mehta, Yusuf A.; Cleary, Douglas; Joshi, Akshay
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 675
  Paper Number: 13-1353
• Historical Review of Air Traffic Management System Concept of Operations
  Abstract: Air Traffic Management (ATM) system has the objective of enabling aircraft operators to meet their planned times of departure and arrival and adhere to their preferred flight profiles with minimum constraints and without compromising agreed levels of safety.Understanding a Concept of Operations (CONOPS) is the most critical step required for a holistic analysis of any system, including the ATM system. CONOPS is a document that contains all the necessary information by which to explain a system as a whole for the needs of all parties involved in its production and exploitation. In recent years there have been many attempts to define the future CONOPS of the ATM system whilst ignoring both the current ATM CONOPS and also the historical evolution of the ATM CONOPS.This paper, by means of a literature review from multiple sources, aims to critically review the CONOPS through all the different phases ATM has undergone from the beginnings of aviation. By doing so, this paper aims to overcome the gap in the existing literature related to the ATM CONOPS evolution description. Additionally the paper highlights the importance of understanding of the ATM CONOPS as means for deriving a holistic system description. This has been illustrated with two examples showing the ATM system structure based on the CONOPS from the period between 1990 and 2005, and the CONOPS from the period between 2005 and 2025 respectively.
  Authors: Studic, Milena; Majumdar, Arnab; Ochieng, Washington Y.; Schuster, Wolfgang
  Authors: Studic, Milena; Majumdar, Arnab; Ochieng, Washington Y.; Schuster, Wolfgang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-1972
• FORECAST OF AIRPORT GROUND ACCESS MODE CHOICE USING THE INCREMENTAL LOGIT MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF THE AIRTRAIN AT JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
  Abstract: As factors affecting airport passengers’ and other travelers’ transportation choices constantly change, the probability of choosing a particular mode also changes. For example, an increase in highway congestion would tend to shift auto travelers to public transport, or an increase in transit fare would make auto travelling more attractive. While current modal share of airport ground access can be easily determined from passengers using revealed preference surveys, any forecast on mode choice is difficult because characteristics of individual travelers vary. This paper attempts to forecast airport ground access and egress trips at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) using the incremental logit or pivot point model. The model is developed using modal share data from a revealed-preference survey conducted by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ), which operates JFK International Airport. The resulting model predicts how changes in highway travel time due to traffic congestion, increase in transit fare to the airport, and changes in waiting and transfer time in the AirTrain system may impact the mode choice of air passengers and employees traveling to and from the airport.
  Authors: Ameen, Nayeem; Kamga, Camille
  Authors: Ameen, Nayeem; Kamga, Camille
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 218
  Paper Number: 13-1877
• Implementing GigaPan Technology into Airport’s Foreign Object Debris Management Program
  Abstract: This article presents a technology that can easily be implemented at airports by airport operators to conduct daily foreign object debris (FOD) inspections. The process includes developing gigapixel panoramas of an airport runway that can be reviewed close to “live time” by trained staff. The approach promotes an inexpensive means for FOD detection without having to conduct daily runway drive-through tours. In addition to FOD inspection, the technology can potentially be used as a pavement management system tool, and for detecting wildlife. Gigapan technology is used to develop high-resolution panoramas from multiple grid images. The technology incorporates a robotic camera mount and corresponding software to develop a composite image from multiple images. The high resolution gigapixel panorama enables a viewer to zoom-in on objects within the panorama similar in approach to Google Earth. Consequently, panorama viewing becomes interactive. This article reviews GigaPan technology and how it can be incorporated into FOD inspections to promote airfield runway safety.
  Authors: Heymsfield, Ernest; Kuss, Mark L.
  Authors: Heymsfield, Ernest; Kuss, Mark L.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 706
  Paper Number: 13-2143
• Classification of Days Using Weather-Affected Traffic in National Airspace System
  Abstract: Classification of days based on weather impact on the National Airspace System is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic management decisions in the past, which ultimately can improve the operational readiness when similar events occur in the future. To achieve this goal, this paper presents a methodology to classify days based on severe weather impact on traffic. A daily index of the impact of severe weather on scheduled traffic flow, termed as the Weather Impacted Traffic Index, is used as an input to perform the classification. First, a factor analysis is performed to identify the dominant weather patterns that occur on various days. Six major weather factors are identified based on this analysis. Factor scores are obtained for each day based on the day’s weather location and severity. Days are clustered using Ward’s minimum-variance method applied to the daily factor scores. The outcome of the analysis is a set of 21 clusters and days within each cluster. While the weather and traffic in the days belonging to a common cluster are similar, they are not completely identical. Following the classification of days, the reroute advisories are analyzed to identify the frequently used routes on days belonging to various clusters. It is observed that the most frequently used reroutes on days that belong to a particular cluster exhibit similarity to the National Playbook routes designed to mitigate weather impact on those days, which is an intuitive result that is supported by data analysis.
  Authors: Mukherjee, Avijit; Grabbe, Shon; Sridhar, Banavar
  Authors: Mukherjee, Avijit; Grabbe, Shon; Sridhar, Banavar
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-3363
• Sources of Market Power in the Airline Industry: Panel Data Evidence from U.S. Airports
  Abstract: A firm can obtain market power through its dominant position on the product market, or via control of a key resource. In particular, it has been argued that airport dominance is a more important source of market power in the US airline industry than route dominance. We examine this contention by analyzing a 17-year panel of airport-level prices in the United States. We demonstrate that even though on average airport-level concentration appears to be the strongest source of market power, concentration on routes originating at an airport is the strongest predictor of price levels for the sub-set of large and medium hub airports. There is little evidence that either airport or route dominance significantly affect prices in the sub-sample of medium and small hub airports. There is also little evidence that an airport’s dominant carrier exerts market power beyond the level predicted by the airport or route dominance. Our results imply that consumer welfare losses due to airline consolidation can be concentrated in smaller communities, and related to changes in airport-level concentration. We provide a simple evaluation of the possible effects of two recent mergers (Delta – Northwest and United – Continental) in light of this finding, and suggest that the former consolidation event can potentially lead to non-trivial consumer welfare losses to travelers in over 30 small communities.
  Authors: Bilotkach, Volodymyr; Lakew, Paulos Ashebir
  Authors: Bilotkach, Volodymyr; Lakew, Paulos Ashebir
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-3382
• Explanatory Power of Different Data Envelopment Analysis Models for Determining Airports’ Cost Efficiency
  Abstract: For analysing cost efficiency of airports and the determinants of that efficiency there are several Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods available. The variety across the available approaches is primarily a result of different assumptions in the model specification. Whilst it is well established that the outcome of these models vary depending on what the analyst assumes with respect to input/output orientation and economies of scale, there is still a lively debate on the impact of bootstrapping and the choice of input variables on the explanatory power of such models. This paper analyses the cost efficiency of Italian and Norwegian airports over time. We apply a series of two-stage DEA approaches, with truncated regression models in the second stage to evaluate the explanatory value of the chosen methods and also to establish robust results on the impact factors of airports’ cost efficiency. With regard to the latter we find that the impact of airport size is limited to technical efficiency and that the catchment area is the most significant impact factor on cost efficiency.
  Authors: Merkert, Rico; Mangia, Luca
  Authors: Merkert, Rico; Mangia, Luca
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-3459
• Low-Cost Airlines-Within-Airlines: Business Model Moving East
  Abstract: Low-cost carriers (LCCs) are a significant threat to the sustainability of conventional airlines. That LCCs are growing – particularly within Asia-Pacific – exacerbates this problem and conventional airlines have reacted to this threat in various forms. One strategy is to create lower-cost subsidiaries, known as airlines-within-airlines (AWAs). Hence, the purpose of this paper is to determine the necessary criteria for successful AWAs while updating analysis of past, present, and proposed and announced AWAs. For this, we revisit existing literature and airline data, mainly from annual reports, from such AWAs. Initial results indicate that AWAs have limited success, with 26 failures of an identified 67, although only three in Asia-Pacific. Of those presently operating, 56.7% are from Asia-Pacific with this region containing 54.5% of the proposed and announced carriers. In our view it is ill-defined strategies, late market entrance, excessive management control, insufficient dissimilarity from the parent, higher costs and less efficiency vis-à-vis low-cost competitors, and comparatively low fares that are key reasons for failure. In contrast, the most successful AWAs have considerable autonomy from their parent, market dominance, decisive leadership, and less deviation from the pure LCC model unless a sufficient revenue premium is achieved.
  Authors: Merkert, Rico; Pearson, James
  Authors: Merkert, Rico; Pearson, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-3580
• Developing Early Alerting Mechanism to Support Robust Tracon Operations
  Abstract: This paper describes the development of an automated mechanism to alert aviation traffic managers of the need for taking action to adjust the rate of aircraft arriving into airports. When rates are too high, air traffic controllers are forced to do costly maneuvering and holding of aircraft to maintain required spacing. When arrival rates are too low valuable airport landing capacity goes unused. In today’s operations, mismatches between the planned and actual arrival rates often occur gradually and may not even be noticed until too late and significant problems materialize. This paper proposes an alerting mechanism that uses real-time ‘signal’ metrics based on actual airspace operations to alert controllers of impending problems. Alerts would be triggered when signal metrics cross their respective threshold values, which would be tailored for specific airspaces, and would be generated with sufficient lead time to allow for mitigating actions. The alerting mechanism would reduce reliance on manual monitoring, reducing traffic manager workload. Using historical flight data from airspace surrounding Atlanta International Airport an initial predictive model was developed and validated for one possible ‘signal’ metric. Through discussions with subject matter experts, an analysis of various metric threshold values was also performed.
  Authors: Katkin, Raphael; Tien, Shin-Lai; Topiwala, Tejal; Conroy, Jay; Guensch, Craig; You, Huaizu
  Authors: Katkin, Raphael; Tien, Shin-Lai; Topiwala, Tejal; Conroy, Jay; Guensch, Craig; You, Huaizu
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 753
  Paper Number: 13-3609
• Modeling Framework for Airport Access Mode Choice Behavior Considering the Effect of Meeters and Greeters
  Abstract: The increasing demand of air traffic together with the construction of an airport city has resulted in growing concern in ground access to Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKIA) in Tehran, Iran. To improve the ground access to IKIA, the government has considered many public transportation options to connect the airport to important locations in Tehran. Based on the effect of Meeters and Greeters (MG) on the access mode choice of air travelers, in this paper a modeling framework is presented that take into account the effect of MGs choice on the overall access mode choice of airports. The proposed framework is applied to the data gathered from IKIA.
  Authors: Rezaeestakhruie, Hojjat; Kalantari, Navid; Babaei, Mohsen
  Authors: Rezaeestakhruie, Hojjat; Kalantari, Navid; Babaei, Mohsen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 218
  Paper Number: 13-3762
• Investigating the Truth of Heinrich’s Pyramid in Offshore Helicopter Transportation
  Abstract: Several hazardous industries have embraced the premise that incidents of negligible safety consequences are precursors to accidents in a statistical sense. However, in few such industries research has verified the truth of this assumption. This paper explores the relationships between accidents and reported incidents in the context of oil and gas-related offshore helicopter operations, using the accident investigation reports published by the UK Air Accident Investigation Board (AAIB) and the incidents filed under the British Mandatory Occurrence Reporting (MOR) Scheme between 1997 and 2010. Classification frameworks were developed to enable the independent analysis of accidents and incidents in relation to specific variables of interest. Frequencies and statistical associations that could have indicated the precursor relationship were explored. From the results of the analysis, the paper highlights potentially severe shortcomings in the assumptions underpinning incident data collection, as well as on the process with which incident data is generated. For example, it unveils the existence of sudden failures that cannot be reliably anticipated nor reported, and draws attention to a potentially flawed incident reporting culture. Given the results, the paper informs stakeholders in the industry of specific initiatives to ensure that the right lessons are learned from past occurrences (e.g., through ways of collecting incident data that will not solely rely on reporters) and how these could be used to inform future interventions, e.g., via the analysis of potential consequences of incidents, as a complement to the analysis of frequencies.
  Authors: Nascimento, Felipe Augusto Coutinho; Majumdar, Arnab; Ochieng, Washington Y.
  Authors: Nascimento, Felipe Augusto Coutinho; Majumdar, Arnab; Ochieng, Washington Y.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-3923
• Challenges to Air and Rail Alternatives Analysis in Government Environmental Impact Review Processes
  Abstract: The current institutional process for project-level environmental review, the government-required Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) requires assessment of the proposed project, the no-build alternative, and alternatives to the proposed project. Despite growing academic research to compare the environmental impacts of air and high speed rail (HSR) infrastructure, there are few instances of multimodal alternatives analysis in airport and HSR EIS documents. In this paper, we chronicle examples of EISs for air and HSR capacity-enhancement projects to identify key challenges to completing modal alternative analysis in the EIS: the spatial heterogeneity of the physical infrastructure for air and HSR, the framing of EIS purpose and need statements, and the complicated interpretations of environmental impact significance thresholds. We conclude by proposing strategies to incentivize modal alternative assessments and highlight methodologies that are needed to perform high-quality comparative analysis to inform decision makers, whether in the context of the EIS or in upstream planning processes.
  Authors: Woodburn, Amber; Ryerson, Megan Smirti; Chester, Mikhail
  Authors: Woodburn, Amber; Ryerson, Megan Smirti; Chester, Mikhail
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: AV030
  Paper Number: 13-4641
• Flight Time Predictability: Concepts, Metrics, and Impact on Scheduled Block Time
  Abstract: The concept of predictability in air transportation has received increased attention in recent service quality assessments. While in ground transportation the concept of predictability has been extensively studied, there is little literature in air transportation. In this paper, a systematic review of the analogy regarding travel time reliability, or predictability between the two types of transportation is conducted. New concepts of flight predictability and different approaches to measure it at the individual flight level are proposed. The predictability performance of the National Airspace System over the past few years is examined based on predictability measures. It is found that predictability performance has similar trends with traffic volume and flight delay. The time-based metric is further decomposed to see proportion of different contributions. Then, the relationship between flight predictability and scheduled block-time is investigated empirically. Multiple regression models are conducted with the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) data. The impact of predictability is incorporated into the models with different approaches. It is found that departure delay plays a minor role in setting scheduled block-time, and that scheduled block times are insensitive to historical flight times in the upper tail of the flight time distribution.
  Authors: Hao, Lu; Hansen, Mark
  Authors: Hao, Lu; Hansen, Mark
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-4770
• Use of Passenger Facility Charges as a Funding Stream for Sustainable Transport Facilities at Airports
  Abstract: In this paper we use a case study approach to examine how airport operators have used Passenger Facility Charges to finance sustainable transport facilities, specifically multimodal transit and rail links, on their properties. Passenger Facility Charges (PFCs) are charges that airports may impose on boarding passengers to fund improvements on their properties. Under Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements, PFC projects must enhance security, increase capacity, or reduce noise impacts. Importantly, unlike Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grants, the other significant FAA-administered improvement fund, PFCs can finance non-aeronautical projects (on the “land” side)—access roads, terminals and gates. This represents a potential major revenue stream for airport multimodal transit and rail connections. However, PFCS are limited to projects located on airport property and for the exclusive benefit of airport passengers, employees and visitors. We examine the types of projects that have been funded by these charges and obstacles to their use.Our findings suggest that there is growing airport operator interest in developing multimodal transit connections, as well as federal policy support. Motivations for this consideration include airport operators' increasing interest in improving their properties' sustainability.Through this research, we identify exemplar cases of PFC-funded intermodal projects and how FAA policy shaped them. We also identify areas for additional research: studies to develop deeper knowledge of effective airport intermodal strategies, more robust evaluation of economic impacts and effects on mode split and greater understanding of integrating airports with the surface transportation system, especially with recent federal and state policy efforts and discussions related to the development of high-speed rail.
  Authors: Orrick, Phyllis; Frick, Karen Trapenberg
  Authors: Orrick, Phyllis; Frick, Karen Trapenberg
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-5055
• Development of a National Airport-to-Airport Origin-Destination Table of Air Trips in the United States
  Abstract: Several large and detailed datasets describing air travel within and to and from the United States are collected by the FAA and in part or in their entirety are made publicly available. These datasets include the Airline Origin and Destination Survey Data (DB1B) and T-100 data that describe air passenger trips between airports in several different ways. The data potentially provide travel researchers with a high level of understanding of the air travel market in the United States and in particular represent a comprehensive database of air trip origins and destinations, but their large size and individual limitations means that using them for this purpose is practically difficult and not well understood or documented in the literature.This paper describes an analysis and comparison of the complete 2008 DB1B public dataset, the restricted DB1B international dataset, the T100 market data and the T100 segment data. The paper includes discussion of techniques to process the datasets, infer round trip directions in the DB1B datasets to understand visitor and resident segmentation at a given airport, and to adjust the DB1B sample data so that they better reflect the T100 market data. Finally, the paper presents the results of this work, which is a complete, airport to airport origin-destination table for 2008, segmented into visitors and residents. This table is an input to continuing work, which forms part of the Federal Highway Administration’s Travel Analysis Framework, to develop county to county origin-destination tables for air trips in the United States.
  Authors: Smith, Colin; Sana, Bhargava
  Authors: Smith, Colin; Sana, Bhargava
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-5145
• Operational and Environmental Assessment of Electric Taxi Based on Fast-Time Simulation
  Abstract: Economic pressure and increasing environmental awareness foster the development of new taxi operation technologies and procedures. One of the most promising developments is the use of electrically powered landing gears for medium-sized aircraft in civil aviation. Meeting the prerequisite that the weight of the new equipment and the weight of the saved fuel is approximately balanced, operational as well as economic and environmental benefits can be achieved. This paper describes the method how to assess these benefits by means of a fast-time simulation model and shows exemplary results for two airports.The first of these airports, Frankfurt (FRA), is one of the major European hub airports. Due to the higher share of heavy aircraft, which are assumed not to be equipped with an electrical landing gear, the relative benefit of almost 20% fuel savings is lower than at the second airport in the study, Berlin Brandenburg International (BER), the new capital airport, which is estimated to open in 2013. As the share of medium-sized aircraft is expected to be higher, relative fuel savings of more than 36% can be reached there. Besides of these economic and environmental impacts, also operational benefits can be observed as the aircraft can back out from their parking stands autonomously. By this, the time-consuming coupling and decoupling of a pushback vehicle can be saved.
  Authors: Wollenheit, Richard; Mühlhausen, Thorsten
  Authors: Wollenheit, Richard; Mühlhausen, Thorsten
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 754
  Paper Number: 13-0721
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Airport Pavement Missing Data Management and Imputation Using Stochastic Multiple Imputation Model
  Abstract: In practice, missing data in pavement condition databases has been one of the most prevalent problems in airport pavement management systems. Missing data present problems in pavement performance analysis and uncertainties in pavement management decision making. A number of data imputation approaches are available for handling missing data. This paper examines the limitations of the conventional data imputation methods, and proposed a Stochastic Multiple Imputation approach to overcome the major imitations of the conventional methods. A case study is presented to appraise the effectiveness of the proposed approach against three conventional data imputation methods, namely the substitution by mean method, the substitution by interpolation method, and the substitution by regression method. The roughness and friction data of a 4-km long runway pavement, and roughness data of a 4-km long taxiway were considered. The effectiveness of auxiliary variables in data imputation models is also demonstrated. The proposed stochastic Multiple Imputation method yielded the smallest errors for the roughness as well as friction data. The mean substitution method resulted in imputed values with the highest amount of deviations from the observed values, followed by the regression substitution method and the interpolation method. The analysis showed that the proposed Stochastic Multiple Imputation method out-performed the conventional methods in handling missing pavement condition data for pavement management decision making.
  Authors: Farhan, Javed; Fwa, Tien Fang
  Authors: Farhan, Javed; Fwa, Tien Fang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 675
  Paper Number: 13-1301
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Investigating the Role of Frequent Flyer Membership in Context of Passenger Itinerary Choice
  Abstract: Air passenger itinerary choice has been studied from different perspectives, such as airport preferences in multi-airport regions and desired departure times . However, there lacks a comprehensive study of Frequent Flyer Program (FFP) membership and its influence on itinerary choices. This paper presents two discrete choice models to investigate the role of FFP membership on the itinerary choice. First, a Multinomial Logit (MNL) model is estimated and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for FFP is derived for various groups of travelers based on income and trip purpose. The results suggest a wide range of WTP values for flying on an FFP airline for different travelers. After taking FFP membership into account, there is little differentiation between the legacy carrier airlines, suggesting that they are viewed by passengers as a commodity. Finally, a mixed logit model is estimated to further capture the preference heterogeneity for FFP airlines beyond the discrete socio-demographic divisions in the MNL model. Lognormal distributions and normal distributions are used for the FFP coefficients and the airline coefficients respectively. = A full covariance matrix is estimated to capture the distribution in preferences across the population. Continuous WTP distributions are calculated for each income and trip purpose group. The results show that non-business travelers typically have a very low WTP to fly on an FFP airline, but business travelers, particularly those with high incomes, reveal very large estimates for WTP. A median WTP of $250 is found for high income business travelers with elite FFP memberships. Our estimates for WTP for flying with an FFP airline are much larger than those in previous literature, particularly for travelers with elite FFP membership status.
  Authors: Seelhorst, Michael; Liu, Yi
  Authors: Seelhorst, Michael; Liu, Yi
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-5294
• Strategies for Collaborative Funding of Intermodal Airport Ground Access Projects
  Abstract: This paper presents the findings and conclusions from a recently completed research study that examined the challenges of funding airport ground access projects and the role of collaborative funding strategies between the different agencies that typically become involved in such projects. The paper reviews the recent literature on funding airport ground access projects as well as some of the wider literature on funding transportation projects in general that is indirectly relevant to airport ground access projects. This is followed by a review of current federal transportation funding programs relevant to airport ground access projects, as well as a discussion of state and local funding programs and potential opportunities for private sector funding. The paper then briefly describes the scope of several case studies of airport ground access project funding that were undertaken as part of the research and are documented in more detail elsewhere.Based on the literature review, the review of current funding programs, and the case study findings, the paper identifies potential funding strategies for intermodal airport ground access projects, requirements for effective implementation of these strategies, and a recommended approach to facilitate successful project development and implementation. The paper also presents recommended changes to transportation funding program rules and regulations that could facilitate and simplify the development of intermodal solutions to future airport ground access needs.
  Authors: Wei, Wenbin; Gosling, Geoffrey D.; Freeman, Dennis
  Authors: Wei, Wenbin; Gosling, Geoffrey D.; Freeman, Dennis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 218
  Paper Number: 13-4518
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Funding Major Airport Ground Access Projects: Seven Case Studies
  Abstract: Funding projects to improve the intermodal connectivity between the surface transportation system and airports is often complicated by the need to draw on a range of different funding programs and sources, each with their own project eligibility requirements and regulations. This paper presents seven case studies of the funding sources used for a range of major intermodal airport ground access projects in the United States that were completed in the past twelve years or are currently under construction. The case studies were undertaken as part of a recently completed research study that investigated collaborative funding strategies to facilitate airport ground access. The projects comprise a major intermodal center, two automated people mover links between airports and nearby rail stations, two airport access highway projects, and two extensions of rail transit systems to airports.The funding sources for the seven projects varied widely with the nature and location of the project. All seven projects involved some collaboration between local, state and federal agencies in developing the funding plan for each project, although the number of agencies involved varied, with the larger projects generally having more agencies involved in providing funding. This experience suggests that developing a funding plan for such projects requires the involvement of a broad range of stakeholder agencies in planning and implementing the project.
  Authors: Gosling, Geoffrey D.; Wei, Wenbin; Freeman, Dennis
  Authors: Gosling, Geoffrey D.; Wei, Wenbin; Freeman, Dennis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: AV010
  Paper Number: 13-5237
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Empirical Assessment of the End-Around Taxiway’s Operational Benefits at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport Using ASDE-X Data
  Abstract: At the present time, only a few airfields in the world have an End-Around Taxiway (EAT). Since December 2008, an EAT serves Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport’s (DFW) runways 17L, 17C, and 17R, with the purpose of reducing the number of runway crossings and therefore improving safety and capacity. This paper describes the results of the research project (funded by the FAA and performed by the authors) to assess the safety impacts of DFW’s EAT in terms of reduction in number of runway crossings. In addition, this paper empirically defines the enhancement in departure and arrival throughput achieved after the construction of the EAT. These assessments are based on data from DFW’s Surface Detection Equipment – Model X (ASDE-X) database. This study has found that the EAT has improved runway safety, increased capacity and reduced departure delay at DFW, although for several reasons its usage is essentially limited to runway 17L arrivals. The EAT has eliminated on average 51% crossings on runway 17C daily and over 83% percent of runway 17L arrivals use the EAT or cross runway 17C using low-risk taxiways. In fact, the EAT has nearly eliminated all mid-runway 17C crossings due to 17L arrivals.The EAT has exceeded the expected enhancements of departure and arrival capacity. Compared to pre-EAT operations, the ASDE-X data reveals that both departure and arrival demand have increased at DFW. However, EAT operation has allowed the daily mean arrival and departure maximum throughput rates to increase by 40% and 25%, respectively, while the mean daily maximum departure delay has decreased by 38%.
  Authors: Massidda, Antonio
  Authors: Massidda, Antonio
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 754
  Paper Number: 13-5272
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• North Atlantic Data Link Mandate: Cost Impact to U.S. Commercial Operators
  Abstract: An analysis was conducted to estimate the cost for U.S. airlines to comply with a data link mandate in the North Atlantic (NAT) Airspace. The mandate will be implemented with the objective of reducing the number of large height deviations and gross navigation errors by improving conformance monitoring and detection of deviations from cleared routes and flight levels. Phase 1 will start on February 7, 2013 with limits defined in the vertical plane from flight level 360 to flight level 390, inclusive. In the horizontal plane, phase 1 will cover no more than two tracks designated as core tracks within the NAT Organized Track System (OTS). Phase 2 will enter into effect on February 5, 2015 and will apply to specified portions of the NAT Minimum Navigation Performance Specification (MNPS) airspace. The extension of phase 2 is yet to be determined. To operate in airspace where the mandate applies, aircraft will need to be equipped with FANS-1/A ADS-C and CPDLC data link. The analysis showed that avionics procurement and installation are the highest costs for aircraft operators. The cost to U.S. commercial operators to comply with the data link mandate is approximately $247.9 million (2012 USD). The largest portion of such cost applies to the retrofit of legacy aircraft, which represent a very high number of operations in the NAT and tend to have low equipage levels.
  Authors: Campos, Norma Viviana; Graham, Thea; Grimes, Roy; Joyce, Kimberly
  Authors: Campos, Norma Viviana; Graham, Thea; Grimes, Roy; Joyce, Kimberly
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 263
  Paper Number: 13-3335
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Comparison of Estimation of Emissions Based on Static and Dynamic Traffic Assignment Models
  Abstract: For the estimation of air quality and noise nuisance often the output of static traffic assignment models is used. However, static traffic model have several limitations related to the realism of dealing with saturated traffic conditions, which are important for the estimation of emissions. Static traffic assignment models predict congestion on the wrong locations and can not deal with traffic flow phenomena like blocking back. As a result also air quality or noise bottlenecks can be predicted on wrong locations, which may lead to erroneous policy decisions concerning new infrastructural measures or implementing mitigating measures on wrong locations. Dynamic traffic assignment models can take these traffic flow phenomena into account and are therefore more suitable to estimate emissions and can in the long term replace the use of static traffic assignment models for larger networks. To provide insights in the differences between estimates based on static and dynamic traffic assignment models in realistic cases, a highway case and urban case are used applying the ARTEMIS model (substances) and AR-INTERIM-CM model (noise). The comparison for both cases shows that large differences are found in the estimates for noise (i.e. > 3 dB(A)) and also for the local estimates of substances (e.g. up to 45% for NOx emissions). When an infrastructural measure is taken the comparison shows that not only the location and extent of effect, but also the direction of effect can be different (i.e. increase versus decrease and vice versa).
  Authors: Wismans, Luc J.J.; Van den Brink, Robert; Brederode, Luuk; Zantema, Jacobus; van Berkum, Eric
  Authors: Wismans, Luc J.J.; Van den Brink, Robert; Brederode, Luuk; Zantema, Jacobus; van Berkum, Eric
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Aviation
  Session: 683
  Paper Number: 13-0546
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Analysis of Acceptable Flight Frequency in Presence of Effects of Other People’s Noise Situations
  Abstract: Individual maximum acceptable flight frequency (MAFF) in the evening time from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. was modeled by taking into account the effects of other people’s noise situations. Three classes of low, moderate, and high noise affected zones were designed and used as control variables. Headphone interview system was developed and carried out with 24 Japanese students, all with normal hearing. Information about flight routes and situations of noise-affected zones were given to each subject before answering to the questionnaires. It was found that the individual MAFF will be increased by approximately 1.3 flights if people took into account the situations of high noise affected-zone, all else being held constant. For the moderate noise-affected zone in where individual’s house located, results suggested a reduction of individual MAFF by 2.9 flights. The situation of low noise-affected zone was insignificant. In all, the individual MAFF will be increased by approximately 1.0 flight if people do not consider anyone, ceteris paribus. The methodology used and results from this study may help aviation planner when considering the capacity expansion by which a new flight route is necessarily supplemented.
  Authors: Phun, Veng Kheang; Hirata, Terumitsu; Yai, Tetsuo
  Authors: Phun, Veng Kheang; Hirata, Terumitsu; Yai, Tetsuo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Aviation
  Session: 683
  Paper Number: 13-3407
• Aircraft Rerouting due to Abrupt Facility Outages: Case Study of 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
  Abstract: Abrupt airport outages resulting from terrorism or natural disasters can cause reroutes and fuel critical situations for flights. While aircraft carry reserve fuel for holding and diversions, poor situational awareness and incomplete information about conditions may cause disordered reroutes. We develop a deterministic routing model for airport outages that assigns flights an arrival time at a diversion airport. It includes a parameter for decision time, allowing us to investigate the value of faster response with advanced technologies. Our model minimizes flight time after the disaster, to ensure flights avoid fuel emergencies. Model formulations include an unconstrained allocation of flights to diversion airports, and a constrained allocation of flights according to routing rules; this formulation is suboptimal but provides a powerful tool because of its potential ease of implementation. We utilize the models to determine how coordinated Traffic Flow Management actions could have diverted flights and reduced fuel critical situations immediately following the destructive 2011 Tohoku earthquake. We find that, under reasonable assumptions about diversion airports and capacities, all flights can be accommodated without reaching a fuel critical state for a decision occurring 20 minutes after the disaster. A longer diversion decision making process results in some flights reaching emergency conditions, requiring the use of other, less preferred, diversion airports, and expedited handling procedures. The more constrained model requires faster response for full accommodation of flights. Because of the limited set of airports employed in this study, these results represent a conservative perspective on the potential outcomes for this decision-making paradigm.
  Authors: Ryerson, Megan Smirti; Churchill, Andrew M
  Authors: Ryerson, Megan Smirti; Churchill, Andrew M
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Security and Emergencies; Aviation
  Session: 379
  Paper Number: 13-4947
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Sensitivity of Airport Noise-Damage Costs
  Abstract: To study the relationship between airports and surrounding communities, analysts can use a Noise Depreciation Index (NDI) to describe the percentage change in housing prices associated with a change in noise level, as measured in decibels or some other metric. This paper illuminates the noise-damage cost analytical pathway by conducting a series of sensitivity analyses to identify how changes to NDIs, ambient-noise reference values, and other model inputs affect the noise-damage costs at one airport. These noise-damage costs are analyzed within the context of other community socio-economic indicators, such as income and housing tenure, in order to provide additional context on of the distributional and environmental-equity impacts of airport growth.
  Authors: Tam, Ryan
  Authors: Tam, Ryan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Aviation
  Session: 683
  Paper Number: 13-5336
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Assessment of Traffic Noise Level Before and After Freeway Widening Using Traffic Microsimulation and a Refined Classic Noise Prediction Method
  Abstract: In this paper, a refined classic noise prediction method based on the VISSIM and FHWA noise prediction model is formulated to analyze the sound level contributed by traffic on the Nanjing Lukou airport connecting freeway before and after widening. The aim of this research is to (i) assess the traffic noise impact on the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA) campus before and after freeway widening, (ii) compare the prediction results with field data to test the accuracy of this method, (iii) analyze the relationship between traffic characteristics and sound level. The results indicate that the mean difference between model predictions and field measurements is acceptable. The traffic composition impact study indicates that buses (including mid-sized trucks) and heavy goods vehicles contribute a significant proportion of total noise power despite their low traffic volume. In addition, speed analysis offers an explanation for the minor differences in noise level across time periods. Future work will aim at reducing model error, by focusing on noise barrier analysis using the FEM/BEM method and modifying the vehicle noise emission equation by conducting field experimentation.
  Authors: He, Jie; Zhang, Chen
  Authors: He, Jie; Zhang, Chen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Aviation
  Session: 683
  Paper Number: 13-2016
• Airport Ground Transportation Policies and the Future of Rail Connections at U.S. Airports
  Abstract: Airports are currently being pressured to operate in a more environmentally-sensitive manner; as a response, airports have integrated environmental policies into their operations. However, environmental concerns regarding automobile traffic and related emissions have yet to be addressed. While the automobile is the dominant air passenger ground transportation mode at US airports, services facilitating automobile usage including public parking and car rentals are a major airport revenue source. Less than 20 US hub airports have direct access to rail-based transportation modes. New rail transportation projects serving additional airports are either being consideration or under construction. Regardless of whether an airport has direct access to rail-based transportation modes, the air passenger ground transportation modal split at US airports remain low in comparison to those in Asia and Europe. The high cost of providing additional US airports with direct rail connections in an era of severe governmental budgetary cutbacks is making the “build it and they will come” mindset untenable.Governmental policies are but one factor determining whether programs increasing transit usage results in automobile traffic reductions and related emissions. This study reveals that a significant percentage of the busiest US airports do not have policies fostering increases in the air passenger ground transportation modal split. A case study of one US airport is presented that has successfully adopted a transit first policy to achieve a high air passenger ground transportation modal split and facilitate the availability of rail-based transportation services.
  Authors: Wong, Dan; Baker, Douglas
  Authors: Wong, Dan; Baker, Douglas
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Railroads; Public Transportation; Rail
  Session: 281
  Paper Number: 13-1291
• A Sketch Planning Model for Estimating Airport Ground Access Using Rail Service
  Abstract: A large number of airports in the world are introducing or upgrading rail service. These projects require large financial investments; therefore, careful attention is required since early planning stages. Transportation planners are challenged to estimate future ridership for new or upgraded rail service, since this is one of the most important factors for decision makers. This paper presents a sketch planning model to estimate ridership for a new or upgraded airport rail service. This model is based on the characteristics of existing rail service in the United States, and only requires limited input for estimating the ridership: total rail network length, rail line headway, and transfer time from rail station to the airport terminal. Data for these parameters are readily available from free sources; in addition, this model can be easily replicated for estimating airport rail ground access in the U.S. This sketch planning model is applied to recently implemented or planned rail access to airports in Dallas and Oakland. The proposed model’s results are within five and nine percent of the ridership estimated using more sophisticated models; a recently implemented service appears to be within twenty-five percent of the predicted value.
  Authors: Massidda, Antonio
  Authors: Massidda, Antonio
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Railroads; Public Transportation; Rail
  Session: 281
  Paper Number: 13-5292
• Who Rides Airport Railways? Case of London City Airport
  Abstract: This report proposes a new methodology for post-project analysis of airport railways to guide airport ground access planning. The concept is to determine the type of rail passenger: air passenger or employee; business or leisure; resident or non-resident. It compares hourly rail ridership, air passenger volumes, air traffic movements and the geographic location of trip ends. A test is proposed for each possible ridership group to determine who is using the railway.London City Airport is used as the case study to illustrate the value of the method. It uses Oyster smartcard ridership data from Transport for London. The findings confirm that the impressive 51% Docklands Light Railway mode share for air passengers from small sample surveys is realistic. The conclusion is the railway connection is predominantly used by air passengers and not employees. The airport characteristics – predominantly business travellers, relatively central location, local employees – simplify the analysis. The GIS analysis reveals one major surprise – that the busiest station by trip-ends is Woolwich Arsenal in southeast London – although the general findings are as expected: trip-ends concentrate in the financial and business districts. The policy recommendation for future airport railway projects is to apply this methodology to a range of comparable airports. This will aid transport planners to design a rail service optimised for the groups most likely to use the railway.
  Authors: Schabas, Matthew
  Authors: Schabas, Matthew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Railroads; Public Transportation; Rail
  Session: 281
  Paper Number: 13-2162
• Simultaneous Modeling of Passenger and Freight Demand at an Airport
  Authors: Wadud, Zia
  Authors: Wadud, Zia
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Freight Transportation
  Session: 117
  Paper Number: 13-0335
• Airport Ground Transportation Policies and the Future of Rail Connections at U.S. Airports
  Authors: Wong, Dan
  Authors: Wong, Dan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Public Transportation
  Session: 281
  Paper Number: 13-1291
• Reduction of Collisions Between Aircraft and Surface Vehicles Through ADS-B Enabled Conflict Alerting on the Airport Surface
  Authors: Kunzi, Fabrice
  Authors: Kunzi, Fabrice
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 706
  Paper Number: 13-0434
• Comparison of Estimation of Emissions Based on Static and Dynamic Traffic Assignment Models
  Authors: Wismans, Luc
  Authors: Wismans, Luc
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Environment
  Session: 683
  Paper Number: 13-0546
• Evaluating the Performance of Doweled and Isolation Joints at National Airport Pavement Testing Facility
  Authors: Mehta, Yusuf
  Authors: Mehta, Yusuf
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 675
  Paper Number: 13-0569
• Operational and Environmental Assessment of Electric Taxi Based on Fast-Time Simulation
  Authors: Mühlhausen, Thorsten
  Authors: Mühlhausen, Thorsten
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 754
  Paper Number: 13-0721
• FORECAST OF AIRPORT GROUND ACCESS MODE CHOICE USING THE INCREMENTAL LOGIT MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF THE AIRTRAIN AT JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
  Authors: Ameen, Nayeem
  Authors: Ameen, Nayeem
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 218
  Paper Number: 13-1877
• Modeling Framework of Origin and Destination Air Cargo Routing
  Authors: Heinitz, Florian
  Authors: Heinitz, Florian
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Freight Transportation
  Session: 117
  Paper Number: 13-1933
• Impact of Cracking on Load Transfer Efficiency of Rigid Airfield Pavements
  Authors: Cunliffe, Charles
  Authors: Cunliffe, Charles
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 675
  Paper Number: 13-1353
• Airport Pavement Missing Data Management and Imputation Using Stochastic Multiple Imputation Model
  Authors: Fwa, Tien Fang
  Authors: Fwa, Tien Fang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 675
  Paper Number: 13-1301
• Impact of Cracking on Load Transfer Efficiency of Rigid Airfield Pavements
  Authors: Mehta, Yusuf
  Authors: Mehta, Yusuf
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 675
  Paper Number: 13-1353
• Analysis of Acceptable Flight Frequency in Presence of Effects of Other People's Noise Situations
  Authors: Phun, Veng Kheang
  Authors: Phun, Veng Kheang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Environment
  Session: 683
  Paper Number: 13-3407
• FORECAST OF AIRPORT GROUND ACCESS MODE CHOICE USING THE INCREMENTAL LOGIT MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF THE AIRTRAIN AT JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
  Authors: Kamga, Camille
  Authors: Kamga, Camille
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 218
  Paper Number: 13-1877
• Assessment of Traffic Noise Level Before and After Freeway Widening Using Traffic Microsimulation and a Refined Classic Noise Prediction Method
  Authors: Zhang, Chen
  Authors: Zhang, Chen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Environment
  Session: 683
  Paper Number: 13-2016
• Implementing GigaPan Technology into Airport's Foreign Object Debris Management Program
  Authors: Heymsfield, Ernest
  Authors: Heymsfield, Ernest
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 706
  Paper Number: 13-2143
• Who Rides Airport Railways? Case of London City Airport
  Authors: Schabas, Matthew
  Authors: Schabas, Matthew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Public Transportation
  Session: 281
  Paper Number: 13-2162
• Developing Early Alerting Mechanism to Support Robust Tracon Operations
  Authors: Katkin, Raphael
  Authors: Katkin, Raphael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 753
  Paper Number: 13-3609
• Strategies for Collaborative Funding of Intermodal Airport Ground Access Projects
  Authors: Gosling, Geoffrey
  Authors: Gosling, Geoffrey
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 218
  Paper Number: 13-4518
• Strategies for Collaborative Funding of Intermodal Airport Ground Access Projects
  Authors: Wei, Wenbin
  Authors: Wei, Wenbin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 218
  Paper Number: 13-4518
• Aircraft Rerouting due to Abrupt Facility Outages: Case Study of 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
  Authors: Ryerson, Megan
  Authors: Ryerson, Megan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 379
  Paper Number: 13-4947
• North Atlantic Data Link Mandate: Cost Impact to U.S. Commercial Operators
  Authors: Campos, Norma
  Authors: Campos, Norma
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 263
  Paper Number: 13-3335
• Empirical Assessment of the End-Around Taxiway's Operational Benefits at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport Using ASDE-X Data
  Authors: Massidda, Antonio
  Authors: Massidda, Antonio
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 754
  Paper Number: 13-5272
• A Sketch Planning Model for Estimating Airport Ground Access Using Rail Service
  Authors: Massidda, Antonio
  Authors: Massidda, Antonio
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Public Transportation
  Session: 281
  Paper Number: 13-5292
• Toward Sustainable Tribal Transit: Case Study of Coeur d'Alene's System
  Authors: Kelley, William
  Authors: Kelley, William
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Policy
  Session: 130
  Paper Number: 13-3865
• Trading Capacity for Predictability: Impact of Extending Metering on Airport Efficiency
  Authors: Diana, Tony
  Authors: Diana, Tony
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 753
  Paper Number: P13-5365
• Sensitivity of Airport Noise-Damage Costs
  Authors: Tam, Ryan
  Authors: Tam, Ryan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Environment
  Session: 683
  Paper Number: 13-5336
• System-Oriented Runway Management
  Authors: Lohr, Gary
  Authors: Lohr, Gary
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 753
  Paper Number: P13-5366
• Dulles Rail Project
  Authors: Nowakowski, Patrick
  Authors: Nowakowski, Patrick
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Public Transportation
  Session: 281
  Paper Number: P13-5715
• Carbon Offset Protocol Considerations at State Departments of Transportation
  Authors: Poe, Carson
  Authors: Poe, Carson
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Freight Transportation
  Session: 174
  Paper Number: P13-5760
• Experience with Clean Fuel Carbon Offset Credits for Bus Rapid Transit Program in Mexico City
  Authors: Andreu, Jose
  Authors: Andreu, Jose
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Freight Transportation
  Session: 174
  Paper Number: P13-5746
• International Airline Network Implications of Passenger Aircraft Now Entering Service
  Authors: Gellman, Aaron
  Authors: Gellman, Aaron
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 812
  Paper Number: P13-5775
• Overview of ACRP Project on Air Cargo Economic Impact
  Authors: Goldstein, Lawrence
  Authors: Goldstein, Lawrence
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Freight Transportation
  Session: 117
  Paper Number: P13-7131
• US Air Cargo Market and Connections to Air Cargo Facility Planning and Development
  Authors: Webber, Michael
  Authors: Webber, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Freight Transportation
  Session: 117
  Paper Number: P13-7132
• Air Cargo Trends and Asia and China-US Air Cargo Markets
  Authors: Phillips, Thomas
  Authors: Phillips, Thomas
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Freight Transportation
  Session: 117
  Paper Number: P13-7133
• Incorporating Air Cargo Data and Projections in the TAF-M
  Authors: Bhadra, Dipasis
  Authors: Bhadra, Dipasis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Freight Transportation
  Session: 117
  Paper Number: P13-7135
• Building Flexibility Into Airport Planning and Facility Design Amid Uncertainty
  Authors: McNerney, Michael
  Authors: McNerney, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 754
  Paper Number: P13-7128
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Myers, Raquelle
  Authors: Myers, Raquelle
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Policy
  Session: 130
  Paper Number: Z13-130
• NAV CANADA's Experience with Resolving ADSB Equipage Issues
  Authors: Cripwell, Paul
  Authors: Cripwell, Paul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 263
  Paper Number: P13-5774
• Selling Your Carbon Offsets
  Authors: Dacre, Christine
  Authors: Dacre, Christine
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Freight Transportation
  Session: 174
  Paper Number: P13-5747
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Leiner, Craig
  Authors: Leiner, Craig
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Planning and Forecasting; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 168
  Paper Number: Z13-168
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Schultheisz,, Carl
  Authors: Schultheisz,, Carl
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Motor Carriers; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 202
  Paper Number: Z13-202
• The Airline Perspective: How it can Inform Successful NextGen Implementation Strategies
  Authors: Moreno-Hines, Felipe
  Authors: Moreno-Hines, Felipe
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 263
  Paper Number: P13-5781
• Operational and Passenger Responses to Free-Fare Transit Boardings at Logan Airport: Summer 2012 Silver Line Pilot Program
  Authors: Dantas, Lourenco
  Authors: Dantas, Lourenco
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 218
  Paper Number: P13-5680
• Market Based Measures, European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, and Airport Carbon Accreditation: International Perspectives
  Authors: Rossell, Michael
  Authors: Rossell, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 575
  Paper Number: P13-6887
• Air Freight Hubs in the FedEx System: Data and Spatial Analysis
  Authors: O'Kelly, Morton
  Authors: O'Kelly, Morton
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Freight Transportation
  Session: 117
  Paper Number: P13-6917
• Application and Demonstration of ACRP Report 25 Models to Terminal 3 Redevelopment at San Francisco International Airport
  Authors: Thurber, Byron
  Authors: Thurber, Byron
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Planning and Forecasting; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 168
  Paper Number: P13-6914
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Varkonyi, Irvin
  Authors: Varkonyi, Irvin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Data and Information Technology; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 478
  Paper Number: Z13-478
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Cosmas, Alex
  Authors: Cosmas, Alex
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 521
  Paper Number: Z13-521
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Kirchhoff, Andrew
  Authors: Kirchhoff, Andrew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation
  Session: 578
  Paper Number: Z13-578
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Elias, Bart
  Authors: Elias, Bart
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Safety and Human Factors; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 632
  Paper Number: Z13-632
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Peterson, Robert
  Authors: Peterson, Robert
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 812
  Paper Number: Z13-812
• Forensic Analysis of Air Race Crash Witness Photographs in Reno, Nevada
  Authors: Babcock, Chris
  Authors: Babcock, Chris
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Motor Carriers; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 202
  Paper Number: P13-6731
• Communicating Washington State's New Airport Mapping Application
  Authors: Timmerman, Carter
  Authors: Timmerman, Carter
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation
  Session: 314
  Paper Number: P13-6822
• Growth and Importance of Air Cargo Logistics Parks: The Chinese Experience
  Authors: Jianwen, Tian
  Authors: Jianwen, Tian
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Freight Transportation
  Session: 117
  Paper Number: P13-7134
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Laska, William
  Authors: Laska, William
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 523
  Paper Number: Z13-523
• Checkpoint of the Future: Opportunities for 2014 and Beyond
  Authors: Dunlap, Kenneth
  Authors: Dunlap, Kenneth
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 473
  Paper Number: P13-6866
• Modeling of Airline Equipage Choice Behavior Using Machine Learning and Game Theoretic Approaches
  Authors: Bono, James
  Authors: Bono, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 263
  Paper Number: P13-6880
• Next Generation Screening: An Airport Perspective
  Authors: Rossell, Michael
  Authors: Rossell, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 473
  Paper Number: P13-6867
• International Space Station National Lab: Understanding the Opportunities for Commercial Transportation and Research
  Authors: Ratliff, Duane
  Authors: Ratliff, Duane
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 523
  Paper Number: P13-6957
• Discovering Precursors to Aviation Safety Events with Data Mining
  Authors: Srivastava, Ashok
  Authors: Srivastava, Ashok
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Safety and Human Factors; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 632
  Paper Number: P13-6160
• Risk Assessment and Certification for Ports and Impacts on the Supply Chain
  Authors: Penders, Michael
  Authors: Penders, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Data and Information Technology; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 478
  Paper Number: P13-6152
• Simulation of Two Motorcoach Rollover Accidents Including Restraint Systems
  Authors: Barth, Thomas
  Authors: Barth, Thomas
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Motor Carriers; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 202
  Paper Number: P13-6732
• Industry Restructuring: Beyond Airline Mergers
  Authors: Healy, Kevin
  Authors: Healy, Kevin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 521
  Paper Number: P13-6711
• South Carolina's Experience with Local Government Partnering in Implementing New Statewide Airport-Compatible Land Use Policies
  Authors: Shah, Mihir
  Authors: Shah, Mihir
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation
  Session: 314
  Paper Number: P13-6472
• The Impact of Oil Constraints on the Future of World Commercial Aviation
  Authors: Bezdek, Roger
  Authors: Bezdek, Roger
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 315
  Paper Number: P13-7156
• Current Unmanned Aerial System Research and Research Needs (Part 2)
  Authors: Elliott, Lisa
  Authors: Elliott, Lisa
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 146
  Paper Number: P13-7164
• Current Unmanned Aerial System Research and Research Needs (Part 3)
  Authors: Lacher, Andrew
  Authors: Lacher, Andrew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 146
  Paper Number: P13-7165
• Current Unmanned Aerial System Research and Research Needs (Part 4)
  Authors: Weibel, Roland
  Authors: Weibel, Roland
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 146
  Paper Number: P13-7166
• ACRP Report 65: Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning
  Authors: Agnew, Rose
  Authors: Agnew, Rose
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 379
  Paper Number: P13-7168
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Putnam, John
  Authors: Putnam, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 575
  Paper Number: Z13-575
• Accounting for the Human Contribution to Aviation Safety
  Authors: Pritchett, Amy
  Authors: Pritchett, Amy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Safety and Human Factors; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 632
  Paper Number: P13-6159
• Aviation Safety Concerns Identified in NTSB Investigations
  Authors: Chappell, Sherry
  Authors: Chappell, Sherry
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Safety and Human Factors; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 632
  Paper Number: P13-6158
• U.S. Industry Competitiveness and Policy Considerations
  Authors: Heimlich, John
  Authors: Heimlich, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 521
  Paper Number: P13-6536
• FAA Action Plan on Mitigating CO2 Emissions from Aviation
  Authors: Maurice, Lourdes
  Authors: Maurice, Lourdes
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 481
  Paper Number: P13-6179
• What Is the Airlines' Role in Reducing CO2 Emissions?
  Authors: Pohle, Timothy
  Authors: Pohle, Timothy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 481
  Paper Number: P13-6180
• How Aviation Manufacturers Are Designing Aircraft and Engines to Minimize Carbon
  Authors: Peterson, Robert
  Authors: Peterson, Robert
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 481
  Paper Number: P13-6178
• Results of ACRP Project 02-10: Practical Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies for Airports
  Authors: Lemaster, Kristin
  Authors: Lemaster, Kristin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 481
  Paper Number: P13-6182
• Perspectives on Airline Strategies for Competitiveness in an Era of High Fuel Prices
  Authors: Miller, Bruno
  Authors: Miller, Bruno
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 315
  Paper Number: P13-6190
• Economic, Regional, and Other Drivers Influencing GA Aircraft Sales
  Authors: Hennig, Jens
  Authors: Hennig, Jens
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation
  Session: 786
  Paper Number: P13-6348
• Addressing Operational and Safety Challenges to Accommodating Unmanned Aerial Systems in Domestic Airspace (Part 1)
  Authors: Wargo, Chris
  Authors: Wargo, Chris
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 146
  Paper Number: P13-6349
• Current Unmanned Aerial System Research and Research Needs (Part 1)
  Authors: Gawdiak, Yuri
  Authors: Gawdiak, Yuri
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 146
  Paper Number: P13-6356
• Private Pilots: Next Endangered Species
  Authors: Rottler, Martin
  Authors: Rottler, Martin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation
  Session: 786
  Paper Number: P13-6350
• Regional General Aviation Demand Forecast for Southern California
  Authors: Gosling, Geoffrey
  Authors: Gosling, Geoffrey
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation
  Session: 786
  Paper Number: P13-6351
• Unmanned Aircraft System Policy and Regulatory Environment
  Authors: Elias, Bart
  Authors: Elias, Bart
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 146
  Paper Number: P13-6362
• Energy Savings and the Airfield Electrical System: Designing from Operations and Maintenance Perspective
  Authors: Joyner, John
  Authors: Joyner, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 675
  Paper Number: P13-6399
• Research & Development (R&D) to Support an Emerging Industry: the FAA Center of Excellence for Commercial Space Transportation
  Authors: Davidian, Ken
  Authors: Davidian, Ken
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 523
  Paper Number: P13-6418
• Commercial Space Travel: Coming to an Airport Near You
  Authors: Dedmon, S.V.
  Authors: Dedmon, S.V.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 523
  Paper Number: P13-6429
• Recent Communications Strategies and Initiatives Related to the Economic Impact of General Aviation
  Authors: Shilad, Selena
  Authors: Shilad, Selena
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation
  Session: 314
  Paper Number: P13-6463
• Airport Surface Management Systems: FAA Surface Operations Office Perspective
  Authors: Cass, Lorne
  Authors: Cass, Lorne
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 214
  Paper Number: P13-5960
• Trade Space Considerations Affecting Transportation System Policy and Technology Strategies
  Authors: Gawdiak, Yuri
  Authors: Gawdiak, Yuri
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 812
  Paper Number: P13-6044
• The Way Forward: Emerging Opportunities in Safety Analytics
  Authors: Shahidi, Hassan
  Authors: Shahidi, Hassan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Safety and Human Factors; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 632
  Paper Number: P13-6161
• Rail Infrastructure Investments: Making Rail More Competitive
  Authors: Gray, John
  Authors: Gray, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 577
  Paper Number: P13-6309
• Greenville-Spartanburg Airport Land Use Planning & Development Study
  Authors: Edwards, David
  Authors: Edwards, David
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Finance; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 633
  Paper Number: P13-6336
• An Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Primer - The Vehicles, their Uses, and Challenges and Opportunities in Accommodating Them in the National Airspace System
  Authors: Lacher, Andrew
  Authors: Lacher, Andrew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 146
  Paper Number: P13-6354
• Potential Role of Return on Investment in Aviation System Planning
  Authors: McClellan, Eric
  Authors: McClellan, Eric
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Finance; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 633
  Paper Number: P13-6338
• Business Aviation Environment
  Authors: Larsen, Tulinda
  Authors: Larsen, Tulinda
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation
  Session: 786
  Paper Number: P13-6352
• Overview of Tribal Transportation Assistance Programs
  Authors: Hall, Ronald
  Authors: Hall, Ronald
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Policy
  Session: 130
  Paper Number: P13-6108
• World Bank Policies on Alternative Aviation Fuels
  Authors: Schlumberger, Charles
  Authors: Schlumberger, Charles
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 315
  Paper Number: P13-6193
• Airports and Their Communities: Airport Business Plans
  Authors: Wiedemann, Randal
  Authors: Wiedemann, Randal
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation
  Session: 314
  Paper Number: P13-6473
• Experience with Airport Safety Management Systems (SMS) Implementation
  Authors: Ayres, Manuel
  Authors: Ayres, Manuel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 706
  Paper Number: P13-6904
• Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Aviation System Planning Study: Why It's Worth It
  Authors: Purcell, Arlyn
  Authors: Purcell, Arlyn
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Finance; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 633
  Paper Number: P13-6337
• New Considerations for System Planning
  Authors: Ricondo, Pete
  Authors: Ricondo, Pete
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 270
  Paper Number: P13-6342
• Uncertainty: The One Stable Factor in Aviation Forecasting
  Authors: LeBoff, Peter
  Authors: LeBoff, Peter
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 270
  Paper Number: P13-6343
• Do Not Pass Go: Ending Monopolies in the Launch Industry and Revolutionizing Access to Space
  Authors: Dunn, Mathew
  Authors: Dunn, Mathew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 523
  Paper Number: P13-6443
• Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions Around Airports
  Authors: Vigilante, Mary
  Authors: Vigilante, Mary
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 575
  Paper Number: P13-6199
• Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Experience with Climate Registry
  Authors: Kimball, Nathaniel
  Authors: Kimball, Nathaniel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Environment
  Session: 575
  Paper Number: P13-6200
• Airport Surface Management Systems: Airport Operator's Perspective
  Authors: Clark, Patty
  Authors: Clark, Patty
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 214
  Paper Number: P13-5958
• Integrated Approach to Curbside and Terminal Planning
  Authors: Curtis, Owen
  Authors: Curtis, Owen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Planning and Forecasting; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 168
  Paper Number: P13-5963
• Airport Surface Management: Airline's Perspective
  Authors: Hopkins, Mark
  Authors: Hopkins, Mark
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 214
  Paper Number: P13-5937
• Ground Management Program at JFK Airport: Implementation and Benefits
  Authors: Stroiney, Steven
  Authors: Stroiney, Steven
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 214
  Paper Number: P13-5950
• America's Marine Highway: North-South Freight Transport Network
  Authors: Brand, Lauren
  Authors: Brand, Lauren
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 577
  Paper Number: P13-5979
• Requirements for the Approval of Carbon Credits
  Authors: Seager, Jerry
  Authors: Seager, Jerry
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Freight Transportation
  Session: 174
  Paper Number: P13-5981
• Supply Chain Management: Convergence of Security and Resilience
  Authors: Thomas, Andrew
  Authors: Thomas, Andrew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Data and Information Technology; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 478
  Paper Number: P13-6028
• Continuity of Operations Planning and Resilience in Supply Chain Security
  Authors: Edwards, Frances
  Authors: Edwards, Frances
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Data and Information Technology; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 478
  Paper Number: P13-6029
• Economic Impact of Supply Chain Security: Financial Trade-offs Between Supply Chain Security and Efficiency
  Authors: Burns, Maria
  Authors: Burns, Maria
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Data and Information Technology; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 478
  Paper Number: P13-6030
• Airline Restructuring in International and Domestic Markets: Effects and Prospects
  Authors: Swelbar, William
  Authors: Swelbar, William
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 521
  Paper Number: P13-6043
• Navajo Nation Airport System
  Authors: Teller, Arlando
  Authors: Teller, Arlando
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Policy
  Session: 130
  Paper Number: P13-6107
• Oregon Department of Transportation's Experience
  Authors: Bradway, Marjorie
  Authors: Bradway, Marjorie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Freight Transportation
  Session: 174
  Paper Number: P13-5759
• Analysis of Truck-Train Collision Event Based on Video from Camera on Moving Train
  Authors: Horak, Dan
  Authors: Horak, Dan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Motor Carriers; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 202
  Paper Number: P13-6733
• Failure Analysis of Pipeline Rupture in San Bruno, California
  Authors: Kramer, Donald
  Authors: Kramer, Donald
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Motor Carriers; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 202
  Paper Number: P13-6734
• IROPS Preparation, Management, and Recovery: Airports' Role
  Authors: Crites, James
  Authors: Crites, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 379
  Paper Number: P13-6345
• ACRP Report 40: Curbside and Terminal Area Roadway Operations: Overview of Curb and Roadway Spreadsheet Model
  Authors: Duncan, Gavin
  Authors: Duncan, Gavin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Planning and Forecasting; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 168
  Paper Number: P13-5965
• Overview of Tribal Transportation Assistance Programs
  Authors: Myers, Raquelle
  Authors: Myers, Raquelle
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Policy
  Session: 130
  Paper Number: P13-6108
• European Perspective: Carbon Trading in Marine Transportation and Other Modes
  Authors: Kollamthodi, Sujith
  Authors: Kollamthodi, Sujith
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Freight Transportation
  Session: 174
  Paper Number: P13-6117
• Airline Network Planning: Introduction to Capacity Planning Process at a Major Airline
  Authors: Baldoni, Paul
  Authors: Baldoni, Paul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 376
  Paper Number: P13-5538
• Global Connectivity and Trade
  Authors: Shepherd, Ben
  Authors: Shepherd, Ben
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 376
  Paper Number: P13-5540
• Exploration of Air Connectivity Index in U.S. Domestic System
  Authors: Delaurentis, Daniel
  Authors: Delaurentis, Daniel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 376
  Paper Number: P13-5541
• Addressing Uncertainty About Future Airport Activity Levels in Airport Decision Making
  Authors: Tretheway, Michael
  Authors: Tretheway, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation
  Session: 521
  Paper Number: P13-5780
• First-Ever Aviation Carbon Credits
  Authors: Delaney, Tod
  Authors: Delaney, Tod
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation; Energy; Freight Transportation
  Session: 174
  Paper Number: P13-5980
• Air Freight: The Growing Gorilla in the Room
  Authors: Clark, Patty
  Authors: Clark, Patty
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 577
  Paper Number: P13-6308
• Domestic Freight Infrastructure: Update on TIGER
  Authors: Falk, Jacob
  Authors: Falk, Jacob
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 577
  Paper Number: P13-6311
• Perspectives on Aviation Security Screening
  Authors: Lord, Stephen
  Authors: Lord, Stephen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 473
  Paper Number: P13-6389
• “Middle Risk” in the Future of Aviation Security Checkpoint
  Authors: Samsa, Michael
  Authors: Samsa, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Aviation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 473
  Paper Number: P13-6392
• Opening a Window to General Aviation: How Greenville Downtown Airport in South Carolina Communicates Its Worth to Local Citizens
  Authors: Kaufmann, Lara
  Authors: Kaufmann, Lara
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Aviation
  Session: 314
  Paper Number: P13-6467
• Analysis Framework for Designing Two-Device Checked Baggage Inspection Systems at Airports
  Authors: Cheu, Ruey
  Authors: Cheu, Ruey
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-0132
• Addressing Two Issues in Airline Origin and Destination Survey
  Authors: Lee, Tao
  Authors: Lee, Tao
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-1280
• Historical Review of Air Traffic Management System Concept of Operations
  Authors: Studic, Milena
  Authors: Studic, Milena
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-1972
• Sources of Market Power in the Airline Industry: Panel Data Evidence from U.S. Airports
  Authors: Lakew, Paulos Ashebir
  Authors: Lakew, Paulos Ashebir
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-3382
• Explanatory Power of Different Data Envelopment Analysis Models for Determining Airports' Cost Efficiency
  Authors: Merkert, Rico
  Authors: Merkert, Rico
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-3459
• Low-Cost Airlines-Within-Airlines: Business Model Moving East
  Authors: Merkert, Rico
  Authors: Merkert, Rico
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-3580
• Investigating the Truth of Heinrich's Pyramid in Offshore Helicopter Transportation
  Authors: Coutinho Nascimento, Felipe Augusto
  Authors: Coutinho Nascimento, Felipe Augusto
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-3923
• Flight Time Predictability: Concepts, Metrics, and Impact on Scheduled Block Time
  Authors: Hao, Lu
  Authors: Hao, Lu
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-4770
• Creating an Air Traffic Analysis Structure to Support Forecasting
  Authors: Cripwell, Paul
  Authors: Cripwell, Paul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-0482
• Exploring the Feasibility of Using Airport Data in Real-Time Risk Assessment
  Authors: Ahmed, Mohamed
  Authors: Ahmed, Mohamed
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Aviation; Economics; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 608
  Paper Number: 13-0834
• Toward Sustainable Tribal Transit: A Case Study of the Coeur d' Alene's System
  Authors: Kelley, William
  Authors: Kelley, William
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Aviation; Policy
  Session: 130
  Paper Number: 13-3865