2013 Subject Index: Construction

• Settlement Calculation and Backanalysis of Soil Properties for Test Embankment on Soft Clay Ground Improved by PVD and Vacuum-Assisted Preloading at a Site in Vung Tau, Vietnam
  Abstract: Application of vacuum assisted preloading is helpful when a considerable load is required to meet the desired rate of settlement and an increase in the undrained shear strength in a relative short time. To facilitate the vacuum propagation, vertical drains are usually employed in conjunction. The installation of vertical drains using a steel mandrel creates significant remoulding of the subsoil surrounding the drains thereby, reducing soil permeability and adversely affecting the soil consolidation process. In this research study, performance of a test embankment on a soft clay ground improved by vacuum combined with PVD and surcharge preloading at the site of Saigon International Terminals Vietnam (SITV) in Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province is presented and analyzed. The calculated settlement results are compared with the available observation data. Besides, soil parameters were back– calculated and compared with those obtained from soil investigation.
  Authors: Su, Dang
  Authors: Su, Dang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 622
  Paper Number: 13-0224
• Developing a Comprehensive Sustainable Transportation Analysis Framework
  Abstract: As climate change has become understood and accepted by state, regional and local governments, there has been a growing impetus to set goals and targets for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and use of fossil fuels. Tools to prioritize and implement regional and local transportation sector emissions reduction policies have been unavailable to practitioners and policy makers. At the same time, the transportation industry is undergoing a paradigm shift from mobility to access, requiring new ways of defining and evaluating success. Furthermore, transportation agencies are under pressure to deliver projects in a safer, more equitable and cost effective manner. To fill this void, a grass roots group of transportation and sustainability professionals formed to develop a rating system and the planning tools needed to make measurable headway toward improving the performance of transportation in all these areas. Since 2009 the Sustainable Transportation Analysis and Rating System (STARS) has been under development and is being tested on both transportation projects and regional plans. This paper identifies characteristics of STARS that advance the state of the practice while highlighting challenges and gaps. STARS provides a suite of credits incorporating tools and guidance based upon triple bottom line principles. Backcasting is used to establish desired future outcomes, rather than the more traditional forecasting process. STARS uses performance measures to analyze all transport modes and strategies. A pilot project in Santa Cruz County, California is highlighted. Performance monitoring will determine whether the system changes practices and outcomes.
  Authors: Dondero, George A; Hurley, Peter
  Authors: Dondero, George A; Hurley, Peter
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Environment; Operations and Traffic Management
  Session: 274
  Paper Number: 13-0348
• Critical Analysis of Value Added by Independent Cost Estimate Consultant to Construction Manger-General Contractor Project Delivery Method
  Abstract: The Construction Manager/General Contractor (CMGC) project delivery method is an emerging project delivery method in the transportation industry. As part of its Every Day Counts (EDC) program, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is promoting the use of CMGC through Peer Exchanges. One recurring theme of the Peer Exchange was the fact that value was added to a construction project during the preconstruction phase by the early involvement of the contractor and the Independent Cost Estimate (ICE) consultant. A content analysis of the presentations given at the most recent Peer Exchange in Boston, Massachusetts, along with four case studies from ICE consultants were reviewed along with literature on the topic to determine the extent of the value added to the CMGC process by involving the ICE consultant.
  Authors: Schierholz, Jeanna; Gransberg, Douglas D.
  Authors: Schierholz, Jeanna; Gransberg, Douglas D.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 244
  Paper Number: 13-0613
• Verification of Performance-Related Specifications for Superpave Pavements
  Abstract: Statistical specifications for highway construction provide the means to measure the important quality control attributes and ensure their compliance. The pay adjustments, part of these specifications, reflect the amount of deduction or bonus and the optimized risk distributed between the owner and the contractor. The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has built a comprehensive database of as-constructed material properties for Superpave pavements from the tests required in the Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA) program. Currently, KDOT pays incentives/disincentives for mixture air voids and in-place density of Superpave pavements. A practical performance model and composite index that included air voids, in-place density, asphalt content, and voids in mineral aggregate have been developed from an analysis of KDOT Superpave mixture QC/QA database to fully account for the factors that affect the performance of Superpave pavements. In this study, the practical performance, composite index, and pay adjustment models were verified. Two superpave mixes with 25% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) were compacted using gyratory compactor at different asphalt contents. The corresponding volumetric properties were computed. Percent within limits (PWLs) were calculated for all quality characteristics. Expected life, composite index, and pay adjustment values calculated from the previously developed models based on PWLs for the different quality characteristics show the reasonableness of the models. The expected life model developed with air voids, VMA, asphalt content, and in-place density predicted expected life from a maximum of 11.4 years for good quality and an expected life of 2.6 years for poor quality for pavements with a 12.5 mm Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size Superpave mixture. It is believed that the models will be more robust when more Superpave mixes (coarse mixes and mixes without RAP) are used and then correlated with actual field data.
  Authors: Gedafa, Daba Shabara; Uppu, Kiran Kumar; Hossain, Mustaque; Ingram, Lon; Kreider, Rick
  Authors: Gedafa, Daba Shabara; Uppu, Kiran Kumar; Hossain, Mustaque; Ingram, Lon; Kreider, Rick
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 235
  Paper Number: 13-0668
• Introducing Otta Seals for Low-Volume Roads in Tonga
  Abstract: The Kingdom of Tonga’s road network, comprising approximately 640km of public roads, has had minimal road maintenance over the past decade. As a result, the road network is rapidly deteriorating. The World Bank funded Transport Sector Consolidation Project is supporting the Government of Tonga in implementing a road maintenance program to prolong the serviceability of the road network. However, due to the limited capacity of the local contracting industry, and a severe lack of quality road surfacing aggregate, traditional surfacing methods for periodic maintenance and road upgrading are not suitable. Innovative surfacing technologies, such as Otta Seals, were adopted to overcome the local limitations. The main objective of this paper is to document the introduction of Otta Seals to Tonga and the experience to date. It will also briefly capture the applications, benefits and limitations of Otta Seals, and the reasons why they have been considered for Tonga. The paper provides a brief review of the local contracting industry and the availability of locally sourced aggregate in Tonga, and the effects that these have on the choice of pavement surfacing alternatives. The first trial sections were awarded to a local contractor in January 2012, and the works are planned to start after the rainy season in July 2012. The process of introducing the new technology has to date been successful and progress of this project is being monitored by a number of other South Pacific countries that are faced with the similar constraints.
  Authors: Wilkinson, Scott J; Visser, Alex T.; Henning, Theuns F. P.; Bennett, Christopher R.; Faiz, Asif
  Authors: Wilkinson, Scott J; Visser, Alex T.; Henning, Theuns F. P.; Bennett, Christopher R.; Faiz, Asif
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements
  Session: 245
  Paper Number: 13-0673
• Automation of Asphalt Truck Delivery Ticket Using Barcode Technology
  Abstract: The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) is currently in the process of implementing an automated material tracking system; however, users will still need to manually enter material delivery tickets. This study investigated the potential of an automated material delivery system through the use of barcode technology. Custom barcode generating software was developed to create barcode labels to attach to asphalt truck delivery tickets. Custom software was also developed for a handheld barcode scanner to read the barcodes in the field at the time of delivery, store the information in a structured database, and provide the roadway operator with real time information. The automated material delivery process was trialed on two construction projects with great success. The final report generated included all required information from the asphalt truck ticket in addition to other values such as truck times, yield/distance comparisons, comments from the roadway operator, and a means of tracking between the plant and the roadway. Automation of material delivery is possible; however, the success of the process will require the cooperation of multiple entities.
  Authors: Icenogle, Patrick; Kabir, Md Sharear; King, William; Abadie, Christopher David
  Authors: Icenogle, Patrick; Kabir, Md Sharear; King, William; Abadie, Christopher David
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 235
  Paper Number: 13-0720
• Multi-objective Optimization Model And Evolutionary Algorithm To Plan Uav Cruise Route For Road Traffic Surveillance
  Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to collect traffic information of road segments not installed with traffic detectors, therefore, it¡¯s necessary to plan UAV cruise route for traffic surveillance so as to minimize UAV cruise cost as much as possible. First, a multi-objective optimization model of planning UAV cruise route was proposed, which aimed to minimize UAV cruise distance and minimize the number of UAVs used respectively. Then, an evolutionary algorithm based on Pareto optimality technique was proposed to solve multi-objective UAV cruise route planning problem. Next, a case using UAV to monitor 14 road segments near Tongji University in China was studied, the case results showed that optimized cruise distance and the number of UAVs used were reduced by 38.54% and 33.33% respectively compared to the initial optimal solutions, this demonstrated that the proposed evolutionary algorithm was feasible and effective. Finally, some discussions of using UAVs for traffic surveillance were given.
  Authors: Li, Li
  Authors: Li, Li
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 729
  Paper Number: 13-0735
• Erection of Steel Bridges Across Large River for Shinkansen High-Speed Rail
  Abstract: In the construction of Japanfs Shinkansen high-speed rail lines, the use of steel bridges is very low. The steel bridges that were constructed on the lines were primarily selected because of the conditions of construction logistics, such as time constraints on the period of erection, operation time and construction space. To enable erection under these constraints, the steel bridges were constructed using various erection methods. For this reason, special erection methods are often taken into account in the structural planning stage as well.The Hokuriku Shinkansen, a new high-speed line to be inaugurated from Nagano to Kanazawa in 2014, crosses the Chikuma River twice. The length of the river reaches 367km and it is the longest among Japanese rivers. Nagano prefecture, the region of the construction sites, hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1998 and is known for its heavy snowfall. Due to the rivers and heavy snowfall, it was required to construct the bridges under various severe constraints. For the construction of the Nanohana Bridge (Chikuma No.5 Bridge), the period for erection work was limited. For the construction of the Apple Bridge (Chikuma No.4 Bridge), it had to be erected using limited workspace. In order to overcome these restrictions, steel-concrete composite girder bridges were applied.This paper describes the erection planning and on-site work of the two bridges crossing the Chikuma River, which were constructed by using two different erection methods.
  Authors: Minami, Kuniaki; Saito, Masamichi; Shimotsu, Tatsuya; Shimizu, Kenji
  Authors: Minami, Kuniaki; Saito, Masamichi; Shimotsu, Tatsuya; Shimizu, Kenji
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 624
  Paper Number: 13-0855
• Setting Up Otta Seal Trials for the South Pacific Islands
  Abstract: This paper presents the supporting monitoring programme for several Otta Seal Trials in the South Pacific region. This surfacing technology has been considered for this region given the scarcity of suitable aggregates for traditional surfacing such as thin chip seals. In order for this technology to be accepted within the region, Otta Seal Trials were set up in order to a) introduce the technology to the region and b) to demonstrate the practicality and appropriateness of this technology within the geology, environment and traffic loading.A monitoring guideline was developed that specifies the establishment of the test section, assessment procedures and the data that are collected on a regular basis. The philosophy for these requirements was to developed procedures that required minimal training of assessors while at the same time would yield useful data that could be utilized for statistical analysis of the surface performance.The setting up of the Otta Seal Trials for the South Pacific Islands has confirmed a number of recommendations related to road performance experiments including:•Clear definition of the objectives for the trials is important as it has a direct influence on the scale and assessment/monitoring philosophy for the trial;•Only collect the data items needed to an accuracy and sophistication required to provide useful data for the analyses considered to answer the objectives/questions;•Trials should be designed within context of available resources for conducting the monitoring.
  Authors: Henning, Theuns F. P.; Visser, Alex T.
  Authors: Henning, Theuns F. P.; Visser, Alex T.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements
  Session: 245
  Paper Number: 13-0911
• Identification of Physical Transportation Infrastructure Vulnerable to Sea Level Rise
  Abstract: The objective of this research was to integrate current data sources to develop a methodology for assessing the potential impacts of sea level rise (SLR) on Florida’s state and local transportation infrastructure to assist transportation planning. The proposed approach integrates the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) information system, and local roadway and hydrologic data with existing topographical and geological data to facilitate i) the evaluation of current and projected SLR impacts on Florida’s coastline and low-lying terrain areas, and ii) the identification of the physical transportation infrastructure components that are most likely to be affected by frequent to continuous flooding due to SLR. A projection of SLR, and the timing for same was outlined using a benchmark approach that brackets time intervals as opposed to specific timing for improvements. Further research to evaluated the impact of groundwater levels as an exacerbating factor with respect to sea level rise. Storm surge is a future, more difficult area of investigation.
  Authors: Bloetscher, Frederick
  Authors: Bloetscher, Frederick
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design; Environment
  Session: 509
  Paper Number: 13-0926
• Risk-Based Adaptation Frameworks for Climate Change Planning in the Transportation Sector: Synthesis of Practice
  Abstract: There is growing consensus within the scientific community that the global climate system is changing. Many of these global changes are projected to translate into regionally significant environmental impacts – including increases in precipitation, temperature, sea-level rise, and the intensity of extreme weather events. In the transportation sector, the design and management of infrastructure is heavily influenced by the surrounding environment. Thus, given the uncertain future of regional environmental conditions and climate impacts, there is concern that the design and management practices of existing infrastructure may become inadequate over the coming decades. Research institutions and government agencies in the US (e.g., the Transportation Research Board, the Federal Highway Administration), and abroad (e.g., the United Kingdom Highways Agency, New Zealand Transport) have begun to investigate adaptation strategies and evaluation frameworks for transportation infrastructure. Many of these adaptation strategies are heavily influenced by the tenets of risk analysis and risk management. This paper identifies and synthesizes several leading risk-based adaptation frameworks from the international transportation community. Specifically, we discuss these frameworks’ (1) motivations, (2) foundational risk standards/principles, (3) commonalities in their focus and approach, and (4) common barriers and limitations. Several recommendations and suggestions for future research priorities are then offered.
  Authors: Wall, Thomas A.; Meyer, Michael
  Authors: Wall, Thomas A.; Meyer, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design; Environment
  Session: 509
  Paper Number: 13-1418
• Highway Construction and Performance-Based Contracting
  Abstract: Many transportation agencies typically rely on method-based specifications and the Design-Bid-Build (DBB) delivery method to execute various highway construction projects. Recently, a number of studies suggested that performance-based specifications are a viable alternative to method-based specifications. The reported advantages of using performance-based specifications and contracting include improved quality, an enhanced level of innovation in construction methods and materials used during project execution, and a decreased level of owner requirements on site to monitor project details. However, limited guidance in assessing the applicability of performance specifications for a particular project presents an obstacle in their implementation. The objective of this paper is to assess the relative value of performance-based specifications when compared to traditional method-based specifications. The comparisons are performed with the consideration of different project characteristics and evaluation criteria such as first cost, life-cycle costs, and others. A Delphi analysis is used in collecting and analyzing the data. The results show that performance specifications will likely add value if they are considered in conjunction with the appropriate delivery method and project type.
  Authors: Nageeb, Meena; Nejat, Ali; Damnjanovic, Ivan D.; Anderson, Stuart D.; Scott, Sidney; Konrath, Linda
  Authors: Nageeb, Meena; Nejat, Ali; Damnjanovic, Ivan D.; Anderson, Stuart D.; Scott, Sidney; Konrath, Linda
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-1419
• Influence of Thermal Segregation on Asphalt Pavement Compaction
  Abstract: Both aggregate and thermal segregation during asphalt compaction can cause premature failures in asphalt pavements. Whilst aggregate segregation is easier to identify by visual observation, thermal segregation is impossible to locate in this manner. To evaluate thermal segregation, a thermal imaging technique was employed in this investigation. Continuous profiles of the mat temperature were recorded during field compaction to identify possible locations of cold spots and the rate of temperature loss. The temperature difference was found approximately 14oC immediately after laying the material with scattered cold spots as well as faster heat loss at the lane interface and edges compared to the centre of mat. Laboratory investigations on roller compacted asphalt slabs showed that this temperature difference results in 5-7% higher voids at the edge compared to the centre, indicating inferior compaction. The effect of layer interface was also evaluated in the laboratory and were found 6-10% higher air void contents at the interface. The compaction level in these places was improved when the slabs were produced in a heated moulds (simulating a heated adjoining layer), indicating that better compaction can be achieved if temperatures at the interface are at elevated temperature whilst laying the material. Finally, 3D finite element modelling was conducted for transient thermal analysis to evaluate heat loss at the interface when a hot mixture (150oC) is laid on a cold layer (5oC) and on a layer at ambient temperature 22oC. The temperature at the contact path between new and existing layer showed that the inner part of the adjoining layer had considerably lower temperature compared to the upper part, resulting in non-uniform compaction between top and bottom of the layer.
  Authors: Rahman, Mujib; Grenfell, James; Arulanandam, Steve; Ianakiev, Anton
  Authors: Rahman, Mujib; Grenfell, James; Arulanandam, Steve; Ianakiev, Anton
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 657
  Paper Number: 13-1471
• Approach for Integrating Sustainability into Roadway Project Development
  Abstract: Efforts to increase the sustainability of roadways continue to gain momentum. In recent years, numerous organizations and agencies have developed sustainability evaluation tools, including third-party rating systems, self-assessments, and checklists, with the goal of evaluating the sustainability characteristics and performance of roadway projects. While these sustainability tools are highly valuable and the result of much research and knowledge, there is little guidance on how to apply and leverage them to best integrate sustainability throughout project development. The focus of this paper, in addition to providing considerations for using sustainability evaluation tools and summarizing the available tools and, is to provide an approach for integrating sustainability into project development by leveraging sustainability evaluation tools.
  Authors: Reid, Lisa M; Davis, Anneke J; Bevan, Timothy
  Authors: Reid, Lisa M; Davis, Anneke J; Bevan, Timothy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Environment; Operations and Traffic Management
  Session: 274
  Paper Number: 13-1772
• Application of Roller-Compacted Concrete for Bike Road Pavement: Mechanical Performance, Durability, and Rideability
  Abstract: This study proposes to use a roller compacted concrete technique for a bike road construction with advantages of its environment-friendliness. Roller compacted concrete, a durable paving material that can carry heavy traffic loads, has been developed as a fast, economical construction method. This study aims to find an optimum mix proportions and application method for field construction. Experimental programs included laboratory tests and field constructions for mechanical performance, durability and ride-ability under difference compaction rates. Based on the observations from compressive strength tests, it is recommended that the mixes for the low cementitious materials-based roller compacted concrete pavement have the cementitious binder content greater than 250kgf/m3. In order to provide appropriate workability the water content should be at least greater than 120kgf/m3 when the binder content is greater than 250kgf/m3. When the compaction method suggested herein is applied it is strongly recommended that the low cement based roller compacted concrete pavement has its compaction ratio greater than 93%. The proposed method could provide sufficient surface roughness profile and skid resistance but was weak to de-icing chemicals.
  Authors: Lee, Seung Woo; Park, Cheolwoo; Cho, Yoon-Ho; Lee, Hyun Jong; Kim, In-Tai
  Authors: Lee, Seung Woo; Park, Cheolwoo; Cho, Yoon-Ho; Lee, Hyun Jong; Kim, In-Tai
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 237
  Paper Number: 13-1664
• Transportation Applications for Mobile Lidar Scanning:State-of-the-Practice Questionnaire
  Abstract: The relatively recent emergence of mobile Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technologies as a potentially transformative tool for numerous transportation engineering applications coupled with a lack of existing standards has resulted in the need for an improved understanding of how this technology is currently being implemented, and what challenges are limiting its adoption. To that end, a questionnaire was administered to State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) to document and evaluate the state-of-the-practice regarding mobile LIDAR in transportation applications. Representatives from each of the 50 U.S. states and 6 additional transportation agencies completed the questionnaire, for a total of 74 responses. A second service provider questionnaire was completed by 14 companies experienced with mobile LIDAR services. Interestingly, it was determined that more DOTs have used mobile rather than airborne LIDAR services in the last year, even though mobile scanning is a less established technology. Additionally, the results showed that DOTs perceive cost to be one of the most significant challenges to the adoption of mobile LIDAR, indicating that more evidence and education are required regarding benefit to cost comparisons of the technology. The questionnaire also revealed current struggles as DOTs transition from two- to three-dimensional workflows and modeling. These questionnaires established a technology adoption baseline that can be used to measure future progress and provide the foundation for national guidelines currently under development.
  Authors: Hurwitz, David S.; Tuss, Halston; Olsen, Michael James; Roe, Gene; Knodler, Michael A.
  Authors: Hurwitz, David S.; Tuss, Halston; Olsen, Michael James; Roe, Gene; Knodler, Michael A.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 582
  Paper Number: 13-1606
• Field Investigation of Pile Setup in Mixed Soil
  Abstract: An instrumented test pile was installed at the Bayou Zourie bridge reconstruction site as part of Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) research initiative to study set-up phenomenon of piles driven in Louisiana soils. Pile instrumentation included pressure cells to measure the total pressure at the pile face, piezometers to monitor the excess pore water pressure at the pile face, and “sister bar” strain gauges to measure the strain distribution along the pile. Additional instrumentations consisted of multi-level piezometers installed within soils at different locations/depths from the pile and accelerometers attached to the piles during dynamic testing. A total of two static load tests and four dynamic load tests were conducted on the test pile. During the static load tests, the strains within the pile were measured by the strain gauges, which were used to calculate the distribution of load transfer along the pile. Both static and dynamic load tests demonstrated the increase in pile capacity (set-up) with time. Results of dynamic load tests confirmed that the pile set-up occurs at a lograrithmic rate after the end of driving and is mainly attributed to the increase in side resistance. Good correlation was observed in this study between the pile set-up and the percentage of dissipated excess pore water pressure with time. The measured excess pore water pressure suggested that a 2B (B: pile width) wide remolded zone was formed around the pile during driving. Results indicated that the changes in side resistance are directly related to the changes in the horizontal effective stress acting on the pile face.
  Authors: Chen, Qiming; Haque, Md Nafiul; Abu-Farsakh, Murad Yusuf
  Authors: Chen, Qiming; Haque, Md Nafiul; Abu-Farsakh, Murad Yusuf
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 601
  Paper Number: 13-1696
• Green Rating Integration Platform: Decision-Making Tool for Multimodal Facilities: Sustainable Water and Material Practices
  Abstract: To achieve sustainability goals and receive credit points for green certification, it is essential to understand the strategies to accomplish the sustainability objectives of a project. Sustainability rating systems come with project goals and strategies. However, among the multitude of sustainability rating systems and guidelines, it is difficult to decide which goals will earn more credit points and what methods need to be followed to achieve particular goals. In addition, multi-modal projects have different focal areas and associated rating systems related to each mode or other aspect of the project. Five green ratings systems representative of these aspects have been selected and analyzed through an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Previous research resulted in synchronization of the rating system topical categories and synthesis of the credits. This work focused on the water and material aspects, and the associated detailed goals and green methodologies. Key intents from the project goals and key strategies from the methodologies were identified. The lists of key intents and key strategies across the rating systems were then harmonized using an AHP and further cross-coded in an open database with the credit subcategories and corresponding rating systems. The database can filter the credit subcategories across the rating system for a specific key intent or key strategy. The harmonized lists and database will facilitate decision makers and sustainability practitioners in evaluating intents and methodologies for a project across multiple rating systems and thus, aid in achieving the desired levels of sustainability for multi-modal facilities.
  Authors: Haselbach, Liv; Alam, Ashraful; DeRooy, Garrett; Poor, Cara; Wolcott, Michael P
  Authors: Haselbach, Liv; Alam, Ashraful; DeRooy, Garrett; Poor, Cara; Wolcott, Michael P
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Environment; Operations and Traffic Management
  Session: 274
  Paper Number: 13-2175
• Costs and Benefits of Price Adjustment Clause in FIDIC MDB
  Abstract: Project owners, bidders, and construction supervision engineers continue to grapple with questions on the price adjustment clause in the Conditions of Contract developed by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers for Multilateral Development Banks. The first question faced by a project owner is whether the adjustment provision should be retained, and if not, why? If retained, the questions that ensue have to be dealt with by both the project owner and the bidders. These are about the adjustment terms and conditions—start date, base date, thresholds, and the adjustment formula parameters such as cost elements, indices, and weightings. Although answers to these questions are available from different sources and been legislated in some countries, clear, empirical evidence of the benefits of providing for adjustment—increased competition, lower bid prices, market stability, and less risk of contractors defaulting—is lacking. Also, the effect of changing default adjustment parameters is largely unknown. This paper first examines literature and experts’ views on the above questions in relation to Asian Development Bank financed road construction contracts in Central Asia and the Caucuses. Then, Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate alternative answers to the questions. Simulation results show that project owners and bidders can both benefit from the adjustment provision. Bidders can increase their competitiveness by not adding an inflation risk premium while the owner can expect more realistic bid prices and benefit from price drops during construction unlike in fixed price contracts. However, neither party will gain from changing the default parameters, which increases uncertainty and cause bidders to add risk premiums.
  Authors: Seneviratne, Prianka Nalin
  Authors: Seneviratne, Prianka Nalin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 244
  Paper Number: 13-2312
• Construction Management Best Practices from Wisconsin Department of Transportation Megaprojects and American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Projects
  Abstract: The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) has developed a number of new techniques, methods, processes and procedures for management of two types of transportation projects: megaprojects and projects funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). WisDOT felt that the department would greatly benefit from a review of these new practices to evaluate their effectiveness, determine if they had benefits for future use and, if so, investigate how they could be adopted by the department as best practices. This study was undertaken to identify and evaluate the best practices used on these projects and develop an implementation methodology for the most effective best practices. Analysis of these practices resulted in identifying the top best practices by project type and those that WisDOT should focus on for statewide implementation. A complete list of the final 49 best practices selected is provided with an example of the implementation information that was developed for each best practice. Each best practice is identified by the project management emphasis area (Project Management, Financial Reporting, Document Control, and Change Management) so that WisDOT can select a specific best practice based upon the project need or goals. Each best practice is also categorized as meeting primary and secondary objectives so that WisDOT staff can quickly identify a specific best practice to meet a particular project management need. Each listed best practice identifies the relative cost to implement and the types of projects it is most applicable to.
  Authors: Whited, Gary C.; Hanna, Awad S.
  Authors: Whited, Gary C.; Hanna, Awad S.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-2164
• Selection of Project Quality Assurance Organization for Highway Design and Construction Projects
  Abstract: The assignment of project quality roles and responsibilities in the highway industry makes up a project quality assurance organization (QAO). Historically all project quality roles and responsibilities have been assigned to the state highway agency (SHA), an accepted and well-understood practice in the industry. However, increasing use of alternative project delivery methods and reductions in SHA staffing are having an impact on traditional QAO practices. In response, SHAs are increasingly selecting QAOs in an informal manner due to time constraints, limited staff knowledge and experience, and a lack of guidance from the research community. Most highway quality research focuses on inspections, observations, corporate quality, warranties, and materials testing, resulting in a gap in the research about shifts in roles and responsibilities in project QAOs. This research begins to bridge this gap by investigating and identifying fundamental QAOs in the industry, identifying factors that influence the selection of QAOs, exploring relationships between QAOs and selection factors, and presenting a systematic process to assist SHAs in selecting QAOs. The process presented here provides a consistent, efficient, justifiable, and defensible approach for selecting project QAOs. The QAO selection process also provides SHAs with opportunities for identifying, discussing, and understanding potential impacts of different QAOs on different projects.
  Authors: Kraft, Elizabeth; Molenaar, Keith R.
  Authors: Kraft, Elizabeth; Molenaar, Keith R.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 235
  Paper Number: 13-2394
• Innovative Approach for Asphalt Pavement Compaction Monitoring Using Ground-Penetrating Radar
  Abstract: This paper demonstrates that ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective tool for quality assurance and quality control during flexible pavement compaction and after construction. Density is one of the most important properties of asphalt concrete layers in flexible pavement. It is critical to monitor the asphalt concrete density change during compaction. GPR is able to measure the asphalt mixture density non-destructively and rapidly. However, it is challenging to apply GPR method during compaction because of the unknown effect of roller-sprayed water on the GPR signal. This paper presents a study on the effect of surface water to the GPR signal when a 2-GHz antenna is used. It is found that the higher frequency components of the ultra-wide band signal are affected by the water, but the lower frequency components are not significantly influenced. The process comprises a band-pass filter with passing band from 200 MHz to 800 MHz, and extracting surface reflection amplitude after filtering. The extracted feature is found to be insensitive to the presence of surface water. Thus, this technology can be used effectively during the compaction process. Field data collected from two construction projects were used for validating this approach. The proposed approach was found to be feasible to monitor compaction status. The thickness and density profiles were also obtained by GPR after the construction. The density values from GPR were similar to those obtained by nuclear gauge.
  Authors: Shangguan, Pengcheng; Al-Qadi, Imad L.; Leng, Zhen; Schmitt, Robert; Faheem, Ahmed Fatin
  Authors: Shangguan, Pengcheng; Al-Qadi, Imad L.; Leng, Zhen; Schmitt, Robert; Faheem, Ahmed Fatin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 207
  Paper Number: 13-2425
• Extracting 3d Transportation Features From Kinect Sensor Array Data
  Abstract: Three-dimensional modeling of transportation infrastructure assets such as roadways, bridges, signage, guard rails, etc., provide engineers an analysis framework that previously was too labor intensive and cost prohibitive to manually collect. The emerging industry standard for point cloud data collection is the use of either airborne or terrestrial based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). The problem is that LiDAR hardware currently costs tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars and requires trained personnel to operate. Described within this paper are examples of how a low cost consumer grade electronic, the Microsoft Kinect sensor, can be used to collect point cloud data similar to terrestrial based LiDAR. For less than two hundred and fifty dollars, a Kinect sensor can be used by engineers to capture a wide range of transportation features such as bridge underpass heights, guard rail features, road signs, and the distance of the nearest roadside object. The approach presented herein automatically locates bridge under-passes with the Kinect Sensor, calculates the lowest clearance, and exports that data in an attributed GIS shapefile. In addition, guard rails and road signs can be identified and measured from Kinect sensor data.
  Authors: Hudnall, Matthew; Graettinger, Andrew J.
  Authors: Hudnall, Matthew; Graettinger, Andrew J.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 729
  Paper Number: 13-2733
• Automated Measurement and Control of Slump and Water Content for Concrete Quality Assurance
  Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of data on 8,226 loads of ready mixed concrete as measured by truck-mounted, automated slump management equipment. This equipment measures and controls slump and water content from batching to final discharge, and also records concrete temperature, admixture use, drum rotation speed and number of revolutions, and time. The data indicate that the use of this equipment resulted in concrete arriving at the jobsite at the correct slump for discharge, reduced variability in slump at discharge, and more consistent mixing after loading. Data also showed that water additions can be made, uniformly mixed, and fully documented while the truck is in transit. The paper describes how the documentation and control provided by such equipment can be part of a quality assurance program.
  Authors: Koehler, Eric
  Authors: Koehler, Eric
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 427
  Paper Number: 13-3031
• Does Incentive-Disincentive Contracting Mitigate Work Zone Traffic Impacts?
  Abstract: Incentive/disincentive clauses (I/D) are designed to award payments to contractors if they complete work ahead of schedule and to deduct payments if they overrun the completion time. A previously unanswered question is, “Did the costs of the actual work zone impacts that were avoided justify the incentives paid?” This article answers that question affirmatively based on a re-evaluation of full-closure I/D projects in Missouri from 2008 to 2011. The mobility road user costs (RUC) computed included travel delays and vehicle operating costs. These were computed using detour volumes and detour distances in excess of original routes. Road user costs involving safety were computed using Highway Safety Manual methodology. Safety Performance Functions produced annual crash frequencies that were translated into crash cost savings. In considering a median project, the percentage of RUC savings was around 17% of the total contract amount, or $140,123 of $826,567. As is intuitive, urban projects resulted in a 416% greater savings in RUC. Sixteen I/D projects were also compared against all Missouri Department of Transportation projects for the same time period. The results show that I/D projects had a higher on-time completion percentage and a higher number of bids per call than average projects. But I/D projects resulted in 6.47% higher deviation from programmed costs and possibly more number of changes made after the award. Overall, in terms of work zone impact mitigation, I/D contracts seem to be worth their weight in gold.
  Authors: Mackley, Andrew; Sun, Carlos; Edara, Praveen
  Authors: Mackley, Andrew; Sun, Carlos; Edara, Praveen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-3169
• Using Fines Content and Uncorrected Standard Penetration Test Blow Counts of Soils to Predict High Pile Rebound
  Abstract: High displacement piles have rebounded significantly while undergoing very small permanent-set per hammer blow in certain soils. This phenomenon, called High Pile Rebound (HPR) has occurred in areas of North America with numerous sites identified by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). HPR was identified at six sites in Florida, during driving of square precast, prestressed concrete piles into saturated, fine silty to clayey sand and sandy clay soils. Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) deflection versus time data, was used to develop strong correlations between fines content, uncorrected standard penetration test (SPT) blow counts (N_SPT), pile displacements and rebound. The correlations developed in this study allow the geotechnical engineer to reliably predict if HPR will occur at a proposed site where high displacement piles are planned to be driven using a single-acting diesel hammer. A design equation and a nomograph relating pile rebound to N_SPT and fines content was developed. The correlations showed that permanent-set and rebound were a direct function of N_(SPT )and fines content of the soil at pile tip. The design equation and nomograph provide a methodology that allows for the prediction of HPR during the design phase.
  Authors: Cosentino, Paul J.; Kalajian, Edward; Jarushi, Fauzi
  Authors: Cosentino, Paul J.; Kalajian, Edward; Jarushi, Fauzi
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 601
  Paper Number: 13-2880
• Field Study on Construction of Highway Embankment Made from Two Tire-Derived Aggregate Types and Tire-Derived Aggregate Mixed with Soil as Fill Materials
  Abstract: A field study is undergoing to investigate the construction and immediate compression behaviour of a highway embankment made from Tire Derived Aggregate (TDA) and TDA mixed with soil. The test embankment is part of an access road and is 80 m long. It contains four different test sections, each 20 m long: Section 1 contains TDA made from Passenger and Light Truck Tire (PLTT), Section 2 contains TDA from Off-The-Road (OTR) truck tire, Section 3 contains TDA from PLTT mixed with soil with a ratio of 50%:50% by volume and Section 4 (control section) is filled with normal soil. The embankment is instrumented with 30 temperature probes, 25 settlement plates, 12 (Time Domain Reflectometers) TDRs and 6 earth pressure cells. TDA was placed in two layers each 3-m-thick, and with 0.5-m-thick soil cap to separate the two layers and 1-m-thick soil cover on the very top. Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tests were also conducted on the embankment after the placement of the one-meter soil cover. The construction of the embankment was completed with conventional construction equipment without any major problem. Observations during the construction showed that the PLTT was relatively difficult to spread and highly compressible. The temperature probes showed no internal heating in the embankment during or after the construction until present. The settlement plates and FWD test on top of the one-meter soil cover showed that Section 1, made with the PLTT, was the most compressible section of all.
  Authors: Meles, Daniel; Bayat, Alireza; Shafiee, Mohammad Hussein; Nassiri, Somayeh; Gul, Mustafa
  Authors: Meles, Daniel; Bayat, Alireza; Shafiee, Mohammad Hussein; Nassiri, Somayeh; Gul, Mustafa
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 622
  Paper Number: 13-4122
• Permanent Deformation of Flexible Pavements: Laboratory and Field Performance Comparisons
  Abstract: Permanent deformation (rutting) is a major distress in asphalt pavements that needs to be minimized for the safety of the driving public. Laboratory rutting performance tests, namely, loaded wheel tracking (LWT) test, flow number (Fn), and rut factor (|E*|/sinƒÔ@54C,5Hz) computed from dynamic modulus test are among common indicators that have been used to predict the rutting performance of asphalt mixtures in the field by many highway agencies. However, the correlations of these laboratory rutting performance indicators with field rutting performance have not been thoroughly evaluated. The primary objective of this study was to identify the correlations of the laboratory rutting performance indicators to the measured field rutting. Through this analysis, laboratory test criteria were evaluated to ensure acceptable rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures in the field. Results of this study showed that field rut measurements and the laboratory LWT rut depth have a considerably high correlation with a R2 value of 0.80. The current LWT rut depth criterion of 6.0 mm @20,000 passes used in Louisiana appears reasonable with a predicted field rutting of 7.5 mm at the end of the service life. On the other hand, there was poor correlations between the field rutting and the laboratory measured flow number, and rut factor (RF).
  Authors: Kim, Minkyum; Mohammad, Louay N.; Elseifi, Mostafa A.; Challa, Harshavardhan
  Authors: Kim, Minkyum; Mohammad, Louay N.; Elseifi, Mostafa A.; Challa, Harshavardhan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 657
  Paper Number: 13-3715
• After 35 Years, Does It Need to Change? Evaluating Fuel Usage Factor for Structures
  Abstract: Contractors may inflate the bid price for a construction project in order to cover the potential increased cost for various bid items. In an attempt to moderate the inflation inserted into bid prices, Departments of Transportation (DOTs) allow for fuel adjustments in the monthly payment to the contractor. The fuel price adjustment is a function of fuel usage factor values for bid items based on a 1974 national survey titled, “Fuel Usage Factors for Highway Construction.” For example, the fuel usage factor for structures is multiplied by the gallons of fuel used per $1,000 worth of work. The research reported in this paper uses a recent national survey by the authors to determine whether states, and their DOTs use this same procedure to calculate a fuel price adjustment, and if so, whether the values for the fuel usage factors are the same. In addition, the paper examines how the price of structural construction has changed over time to establish whether the current fuel usage factor for structures, based on fuel usage per dollars of construction is still applicable. A new index of construction items is developed for both a national and state model (Oregon).
  Authors: Holmgren, Mark; Casavant, Kenneth L.; Jessup, Eric L.; Sage, Jeremy
  Authors: Holmgren, Mark; Casavant, Kenneth L.; Jessup, Eric L.; Sage, Jeremy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-4227
• Importance of Insulation at Bottom of Mass Concrete Placed on Soil
  Abstract: Many a times, when mass concrete is placed directly on top of a soil layer, an insulation layer is not used at the bottom of the concrete. The rationale for this practice is that the soil on which the concrete is placed is already an insulating material. This study investigated the question of whether or not the absence of an insulating layer between the mass concrete and the soil may cause a problem with cracking of the concrete at early age. A three-dimensional finite element model was used for this investigation. The soil layer beneath the concrete was modeled to simulate realistic heat transfer between the concrete and the soil. To validate the developed model, a bridge pier footing constructed in the field in Florida was monitored for temperature development, and compared with the computed temperature distribution from the finite element model. The results show that the temperatures predicted by the model closely agree with those measured in the field. A parametric analysis was also conducted to determine the effects of insulation on the temperature distribution, induced tensile stresses and the cracking risk in the mass concrete. From the thermal cracking analysis, it is concluded that full insulation with adequate thickness should be used to reduce the temperature differentials and prevent cracking during the early age hydration of mass concrete.
  Authors: Do, Tu; Lawrence, Adrian M.; Tia, Mang; Bergin, Michael
  Authors: Do, Tu; Lawrence, Adrian M.; Tia, Mang; Bergin, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 427
  Paper Number: 13-4257
• Is There a Reasonable Basis for Use of Material-Specific Inflation Rates in Highway Construction Life-Cycle Cost Analysis?
  Abstract: This paper examines the treatment of inflation in life-cycle cost analyses (LCCAs) for transportation infrastructure. In particular, highway projects can be built with different materials and quantities that have varying time patterns of construction and maintenance. This paper also examines the use of material-specific inflation rates in current practice, the availability and accuracy of price forecasts, and the problems associated with estimating the bill of goods to build highways, now and in the future.No states currently employ material-specific inflation rates. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular No. A-94 Revised and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) guidance advise that analysts develop estimated future costs in constant dollars, which do not include an inflation component. However, both OMB and FHWA do allow (in some cases) for an adjusted price in the economic analysis if there is a “reasonable basis” for estimating future changes in relative prices. FHWA recommends consulting an economist in such an instance. Several authors, including one who recently submitted a paper to TRB, argue that accurate material-specific forecasting is possible through the use of historical price data and statistical simulation. This paper hypothesizes that estimating future changes in relative prices is not supported by economics best practices and that it is difficult to justify a “reasonable basis” given the numerous variables that contribute to price estimates. It also examines whether inflation forecasting for a specific commodity is able to accurately model price increases for infrastructure material inputs.
  Authors: Brooks, Mike; Skolnik, Jonathan; Copeland, Audrey
  Authors: Brooks, Mike; Skolnik, Jonathan; Copeland, Audrey
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-4324
• Lake Champlain Bridge Emergency Replacement Project
  Abstract: The Lake Champlain Bridge, also known as the Crown Point Bridge, was a historic steel truss bridge stretching 2,187 feet across Lake Champlain and connecting the rural communities of Crown Point, N.Y., and Chimney Point, Vt. It opened in 1929 with then-New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt at the ribbon-cutting. Since then, the bridge has served as a vital economic link between communities, which share hospitals and fire departments, as well as a link to the past but by 2009, the bridge had reached 80 years of service life, and a study was to be conducted to determine the need for possible major rehabilitation or replacement. Together with the Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the HNTB design team, the New York State Department of Transportation utilized emergency standby contracts and an accelerated design-bid-build process to develop a plan to demolish the original truss bridge in just over two months, construct a temporary ferry service and to design and erect a new signature crossing in just over two years. The New Lake Champlain Bridge opened November 7, 2011 utilizing a process that could become a model for the nation.
  Authors: Zoli, Theodore
  Authors: Zoli, Theodore
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 624
  Paper Number: 13-3893
• Thermal Segregation: Causes and Effects on In-Place Density and Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Mixtures
  Abstract: Previous research has demonstrated that an excessive loss of mix temperature during hauling and paving operations can cause significant reductions in the mix consistency and therefore, in its ability to be compacted appropriately. This construction-related problem has been called thermal segregation. Twenty-eight asphalt paving projects were evaluated in the state of Alabama. Thermal profiles of the mat prior to its compaction were obtained by using an infrared bar attached to the paver. Based on the results, it was found that remixing operations of a materials transfer device were a key factor in the reduction of high temperature differentials.Field cores were taken from each ALDOT Division in order to evaluate the effect of thermal segregation on in-place densities. The results indicated a negative effect of thermal segregation on mat in-place densities. Additionally, samples were collected in order to compare the laboratory fatigue performance between cold and hot spots in terms of fatigue cycles, initial stiffness and fracture energy. The mix initial stiffness was determined to be the unique parameter affected by excessive air voids leading to the conclusion that cold spots can be more susceptible to fatigue cracking than hot spots.
  Authors: Fernández Cerdas, Sergio; Watson, Donald E.; Maghsoodloo, Saeed
  Authors: Fernández Cerdas, Sergio; Watson, Donald E.; Maghsoodloo, Saeed
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 657
  Paper Number: 13-3948
• Performance-Based Evaluation Criteria for Cementitious Partial-Depth Repair Materials in Cold Climates, I: Field Performance
  Abstract: Partial-depth repair (PDR) is a preventative maintenance treatment for portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements which is commonly applied early in the pavement service life to repair spalls and shallow deterioration. The selected repair material must be suitable for environmental and load conditions, and if required, allow faster opening to traffic and provide adequate bond to existing concrete. This paper introduces a characterization method for partial-depth repair based on field performance. A companion paper presents the results of laboratory analysis and laboratory performance-based evaluation criteria for PDR materials. This work is part of a project that aims to develop a performance-based procedure for evaluation of partial-depth repair materials in cold climates. This paper compares the field performance of six cementitious repair materials which were applies side-by-side on an urban arterial pavement section. Detailed condition surveys were conducted to evaluate the field performance of the repairs. The evaluation criteria were the presence of transverse and longitudinal cracks, spalling, separation between the material and concrete slab, surface finish of the repair area, and deterioration of the repair material. A ranking method is proposed to compare the field performance of the repair materials. Based on field observations during and after installation, a set of recommendations are presented to improve the practice of partial-depth repair treatment. Transportation agencies can incorporate these recommendations in their specifications for partial-depth repairs.
  Authors: Soliman, Haithem; Shalaby, Ahmed
  Authors: Soliman, Haithem; Shalaby, Ahmed
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 237
  Paper Number: 13-3953
• Performance-Based Evaluation Criteria for Cementitious Partial-Depth Repair Materials in Cold Climates, II: Laboratory Performance
  Abstract: Partial-depth repair (PDR) is used widely as a rehabilitation practice for concrete pavements. PDR is commonly applied to repair surface spalls and shallow deterioration of pavement slabs. Replacing the deteriorated concrete with new and durable material helps to restore the structure integrity, improve the quality of ride, and reduce moisture infiltration to subsurface layers of the pavement. PDR materials are typically selected based on field studies which do not provide a timely response to dynamic market changes and the availability of new products. This paper examines a laboratory evaluation method based on evaluating the compatibility between PDR material and concrete substrate. A companion paper presents the results of a field study and a field performance-based evaluation criteria for PDR materials. Bond between PDR material and concrete substrate, change in bond due to wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycling, and thermal compatibility were used to evaluate the performance of PDR material in cold climates. A ranking system was proposed based on the calculation of a score which combines the proposed evaluation criteria. This method can potentially provide a cost-effective and rapid alternative to field studies. Six cementitious PDR materials were evaluated using this method. Results were verified from an ongoing field study that started in 2010. A good correlation was found between the proposed simplified evaluation method and the field performance.
  Authors: Soliman, Haithem; Shalaby, Ahmed
  Authors: Soliman, Haithem; Shalaby, Ahmed
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 237
  Paper Number: 13-3977
• Simulation-Based Deterministic and Probabilistic Four-Dimensional Modeling for Planning and Scheduling of Elevated Urban Highway Reconstruction Projects
  Abstract: Elevated urban highway reconstruction projects involve complex geometry and limited space available which lead to spatio-temporal conflicts. Additionally, maintaining acceptable flow of traffic without compromising safety in highway construction zones is another major issue for planners. This research proposes a new methodology by integrating 4D modeling and simulation in the planning and scheduling phases of elevated urban highway reconstruction projects to detect spatio-temporal conflicts. A sequence assessment approach using a deterministic 4D model is presented to define the order in which the segments should be constructed or demolished. The result of this step is a sequence which will be used as the process chain for simulation techniques. Then, a probabilistic 4D model is introduced by linking the 3D model of the project with generated probabilistic schedules from Monte-Carlo and Discrete Event simulations. The proposed approach is capable of identifying scenarios with the highest potential of conflict and calculating the probability associated with each scenario. The feasibility of the proposed methods is explored through two case studies.
  Authors: Doriani, Ahmad; Mawlana, Mohammed; Hammad, Amin
  Authors: Doriani, Ahmad; Mawlana, Mohammed; Hammad, Amin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-3902
• Constructability Model for ABC Projects
  Abstract: Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques are rapidly gaining acceptance in departments of transportation across the U.S. Knowledge and experience from existing construction projects are extremely valuable to improve the constructability of an upcoming project. In utilizing this knowledge base, a constructability review is critical to improving the project buildability and bidability, and to reducing errors and contract change orders. With that understanding, lessons learned from 25 projects in 11 states were reviewed. A constructability model was developed based on the synthesis of the data collected from these reviews. This article presents constructability definitions, benefits of implementing a constructability program, barriers for constructability program implementation, a few essential elements of a constructability program, a summary of ABC challenges and lessons learned, and a constructability model for ABC projects.
  Authors: Attanayake, Upul Bandara; Abudayyeh, Osama; Servi, Alp; Aktan, Haluk M.
  Authors: Attanayake, Upul Bandara; Abudayyeh, Osama; Servi, Alp; Aktan, Haluk M.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction
  Session: AFH40
  Paper Number: 13-4468
• Portable Seismic Pavement Analyzer for Paving Quality Assurance
  Abstract: Standard practice for evaluating flexible pavement construction focuses primarily on the compacted relative density of the pavement layer as means for quality assurance. Despite this trend, numerous studies show that mixtures compacted at the same density level may perform differently with respect to durability and mechanical stability. This paper investigates the potential of using the portable seismic pavement analyzer (PSPA) as quality assurance method during construction. The PSPA is used to estimate the seismic modulus of the pavement structure based on response to seismic excitation. The method repeatability was found to be acceptable; however, temperature must be factored for field quality assurance. The results show that seismic modulus testing is capable of identifying problematic areas within the pavement; specifically along the centerline longitudinal joint. The PSPA measurements were successfully correlated to the asphalt mixture voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) as determined in the laboratory, while the relative density showed no correlation with any of the mixture volumetric properties. Preliminary guidelines are proposed for using the PSPA as a tool for quality assurance to ensure that the final product meets expected service loads.
  Authors: Faheem, Ahmed Fatin; Schmitt, Robert; Al-Qadi, Imad L.
  Authors: Faheem, Ahmed Fatin; Schmitt, Robert; Al-Qadi, Imad L.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 207
  Paper Number: 13-4791
• Traffic Impact Evaluation for Closure of Interstate 405 in California
  Abstract: California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) were funding a one billion dollars project to help improve corridors between Orange County and Los Angeles County. As part of this project, Interstate 405 (I-405), between I-10 and US-101, was closed for construction of a new bridge, lane widening, and pavement rehabilitation. I-405, the closure section in particular, was the busiest highway in the nation. Traffic on freeways around the construction site was expected to be heavy due to the closure. This evaluation study was to examine the impacts of the closure on the surrounding freeways. Freeway traffic data were collected from the Regional Integration of Intelligent Transportation System (RIITS) Network during the closure weekend and three normal weekends. A segment-level method was developed to perform a comparison study. Paired t-Test with a 95% confidence level was used to determine the differences of traffic densities between the closure weekend and normal weekends. The results indicate that the detour plan and out-reach activities for the closure were effective. Freeways within the detour plan of the construction site experienced a decrease of traffic during the closure. Freeways outside the detour plan experienced no changes of traffic.
  Authors: Doan, Hung; Jia, Xudong; Cheng, Wen
  Authors: Doan, Hung; Jia, Xudong; Cheng, Wen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-5081
• How Visualization Technology Can Help Improve Transparency of Department of Transportation Design and Construction Projects
  Abstract: Reconstruction of major urban highway projects is generally a complex engineering process during which detailed engineering plans and specifications are prepared and the construction operations performed according to those plans and specifications. Most of these complex projects take years to design and several more years to construct. With more experience, the state transportation agencies are undertaking more complex projects using a wide variety of delivery mechanisms. Through all this, the common underlying theme has been the need to balance the mobility needs of the driving public and construction needs of the contractor. This is generally accomplished through the development of the detailed Traffic Control Plans (TCP). However, the presentation of TCP is still based on a medium developed centuries ago and relies to most extent on communicating this information in paper format. Since the turn of this century, through the availability of personal computer based, 3-dimensional (3D) modeling tools, scheduling software, and the integration of the two, it has become possible and cost-effective to use the latest visual modeling techniques for developing and presenting this complex engineering information to project stakeholders. The paper presents a case study of the successful use of this technology on a multi-billion dollar project in Dallas, Texas for Texas Department of Transportation.
  Authors: Khwaja, Nabeel; Schmeits, Cameron
  Authors: Khwaja, Nabeel; Schmeits, Cameron
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-5153
• Dynamic Response of Freshly Placed Full-Scale Concrete Drilled Shaft due to Vibration from Adjacent Shaft Installation
  Abstract: A number of studies have been conducted in an effort to understand wave attenuation and sound response during installation of deep foundations. This research stems from the need to better understand the effect of vibration on freshly placed and maturing concrete within 24-hours after initial placement. Construction activities create vibratory inducing forces, which unaccounted for or unmitigated, have detrimental effects to existing and newly placed structures. The differences between common construction vibrations, and those produced during deep foundation construction, are the amplitudes and durations. The study focuses on effects during the installation of deep foundations through vibratory methods and the age effect of the vibrations on freshly placed concrete. The installation followed the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) guidelines. During the drilled shaft casing installation, vibration is transmitted from the source of installation to the surrounding soil causing ground motion affecting the adjacent structures. The intensity of the ground motion and the severity of the induced vibration depend on factors, such as soil type, form of amplitude-time history of the vibration, polarity of certain type of waves, and configuration of the adjacent structures. The field investigation monitored peak particle velocities during installation and their effect on freshly placed concrete. The principal findings from the field study were: (1) vibrations with peak particle velocities of up to 2.5 in/sec do not cause damage to the fresh concrete at distances of two times the shaft diameter and beyond, and (2) in general, a spacing of three times the shaft diameter is a safe specification for ensuring that shaft vibration does not damage the concrete.
  Authors: Reddy, Dronnadula V; Gonzalez-Mier, Carlos; Sobhan, Khaled
  Authors: Reddy, Dronnadula V; Gonzalez-Mier, Carlos; Sobhan, Khaled
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 601
  Paper Number: 13-4722
• Mitigating Financing of Major Public Infrastructure Projects: Bidding by Net Present Value
  Abstract: The construction of major public infrastructure projects requires long term investment of substantial amounts of working capital and the financing costs is a major risk that is mostly shouldered by the contractors. The financing capabilities and high level of risk results in limiting competition and the higher financing cost will eventually be paid by the project owner and ads up to the total project capital cost. This paper will examine the financing cost of major public projects and will explorer methods that can be adopted to shift the financing burden and the risk to the party that is most capable to manage it. We will introduce methods to measure project cost elements that are contributing to the financing cost of the project. We will illustrate that the inclusion of the time-value of money in the bid evaluation process is the vehicle for measuring the financing cost of the project that allows equitable shifting of the financing risk to the owner, thus reducing the financing cost, increasing competition and reducing total project capital cost. The entire contracting methodology, financing and construction process in the twenty first century requires a fresh approach that ultimately leads to the best possible project for the best possible price. Letting contracts out based upon the Net Present Value (NPV) is just such an approach.
  Authors: Abadi, Djalil H.
  Authors: Abadi, Djalil H.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 244
  Paper Number: 13-0249
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Case Studies of Early Contractor Design Involvement to Expedite the Delivery of Emergency Highway Projects
  Abstract: In the past decade, events such as Hurricanes Katrina and Irene and the sudden collapse of the Interstate 35W Bridge in Minnesota forced state departments of transportation (DOT) to step into the public spotlight and implement expedited procurement procedures to restore vital links in the transportation network with the media scrutinizing their work every night on the evening news. This paper presents the results of case studies of Florida, Maine, Minnesota, New York and Utah where the DOT brought the construction contractor into the design process as the primary means to expedite the delivery of emergency projects. The case studies include the use of indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity (IDIQ), construction manager/general contractor (CMGC) and design-build (DB) contracts as mechanism to gain substantive contractor input on materials, means, and methods during design. The paper concludes that completing the design is the first obstacle to surmount in emergency procurements and the surest tool to expedite emergency project delivery is to design around immediately available materials, equipment, and proven accelerated construction methods, information that is best developed by the contractor that will eventually complete the construction. The paper recommends that agencies develop expedited procurement procedures for ID/IQ, CMGC, and DB contracts before emergencies occur and furnishes case study information for specific methods for streamlining routine procurement procedures.
  Authors: Gransberg, Douglas D.
  Authors: Gransberg, Douglas D.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 244
  Paper Number: 13-0403
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Experiences of Two Colorado Transportation Agencies with Their First Construction Manager-General Contractor Projects
  Abstract: Construction Manager/General Contractor (CMGC) project delivery system is beginning to be recognized as an effective way of accelerating the delivery of transportation projects and gaining popularity among transportation agencies. This research documents the experiences of two transportation agencies in Colorado and provides information with respect to the practices utilized by each agency in implementing the CMGC project delivery system for the first time. The first project is the Eisenhower-Johnson Memorial Tunnel Motor Control Cabinets Replacement project whose agency owner is the Colorado Department of Transportation. The second project is West Rail Line project whose agency owner is the Regional Transportation District. To provide findings that can benefit transportation agencies, researchers used multiple sources of information including structured in-depth interviews, questionnaires completed by key individuals working in the investigated projects, and published documents about the investigated projects. The findings provide a broad perspective on the different practices in implementing this project delivery system; and are presented under eight different areas: (i) rationale for choosing the particular project to utilize the CMGC project delivery system, (ii) procurement phase, (iii) preparation of the agency for the CMGC project, (iv) design contract for the CMGC project, (v) guaranteed maximum price and contingency, (vi) subcontracts, (vii) preconstruction services, and (viii) lessons learned. It was concluded that while both owners are Colorado transportation agencies, they utilized significantly different practices in implementing the CMGC project delivery, which eventually resulted in differences in opinion with respect to the potential of this system to be used in subsequent projects.
  Authors: Ozbek, Mehmet Egemen; Lopez Del Puerto, Carla; Gransberg, Douglas D.
  Authors: Ozbek, Mehmet Egemen; Lopez Del Puerto, Carla; Gransberg, Douglas D.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 244
  Paper Number: 13-0466
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Otta Seals: Surfacing Solution in Developing Regions
  Abstract: The provision and sustainability of infrastructure in the developing world remains a huge challenge for road authorities, and funding and donor agencies. Gravel roads provide early life service, but later fail in their function because of inadequate maintenance. Traditional surfacings such as chip seals or asphalt require high quality materials and specialist expertise, which may not always be available in outlying areas. A cost effective solution to providing durable surfacings is the Otta seal. It consists of a soft binder and a graded aggregate, and can be constructed labour intensively with minimal equipment. The objective of the paper is to present a case for wider use of Otta seals in countries in transition to ensure a long-lasting transport legacy. Brief detail is provided on the design and construction of the Otta seal, and the extent of international use and performance. Confirmation of the technical capabilities leads to the evaluation of the socio-economic and institutional sustainability, which are critical issues in the implementation. On the basis of the review presented, it is concluded that the Otta seal is technically feasible and economically sustainable, and thus a suitable option for surfacing that needs to be seriously considered by road authorities and donor agencies.
  Authors: Visser, Alex T.
  Authors: Visser, Alex T.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements
  Session: 245
  Paper Number: 13-0809
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Insertion Rate Model for Pile Installation by Jetting in Sand
  Abstract: The use of jetting is an approach that is used to aid the installation of the piles especially in areas encompassing hard but relatively shallow subsurface soil layers. Employing pile jetting for a part of the depth installation minimizes pile exposure to excess stresses as well as energy savings and noise reduction. There is however a dearth of information in literature regarding the appropriate selection of jetting parameters, including flow rate and jet velocity that are appropriate for the strength of a given soil profile. Work in this study presents a model for estimating pile jetting parameters based on results from laboratory and field testing. The model is based on idealization of the applied shear stresses of the jet and the shear strength of the soil. The model is applied to 19 field installations where the jetted depth ranged from 10-34 ft (3.05 m to 10.36 m). The field data yield ratios of jet flow rate to rate of pile volume insertion with time (Qw/Qp) of 6 to 17 with lower ratios associated with higher velocities. The proposed model yielded an estimation of Qw/Qp that was +/- 16% of the measured values.
  Authors: Gabr, Mohammed A.; Borden, Roy H.; Denton, Levi; Smith, Alex
  Authors: Gabr, Mohammed A.; Borden, Roy H.; Denton, Levi; Smith, Alex
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 601
  Paper Number: 13-1231
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• State of the Practice: Evaluation of Sediment Basin Design, Construction, Maintenance, and Inspection Procedures
  Abstract: To protect the nation’s surface waters from sediment-laden discharge, the proper selection, design, application, installation, and maintenance of erosion and sediment control practices on active construction sites are imperative. These practices will be required to comply with new, stricter regulations applied by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to control high sediment concentrations of stormwater discharges from construction sites. One means of control sediment-laden discharge is through the use of sediment basins. The purpose of this paper is to report results from a survey conducted to determine the state-of-the-practice for sediment basin design, construction, maintenance, and inspection techniques employed by state highway agencies (SHAs) nationwide. The survey consisted of 68 possible questions in six categories: (1) Background and Experience, (2) Design, (3) Construction, (4) Maintenance of Sediment Basins during Construction, (5) Inspection and Monitoring, and (6) Lessons Learned. A total of 37 responses (74% response rate) out of a total of 50 SHAs were received and analyzed.. The summary of the survey including lessons learned allow knowledge and experience to be transferred to practitioners that may have little or no experience with using sediment basins on construction projects. The survey shows that the typical design life of a sediment basin lifespan is between 6 months and 2 years, the generally accepted minimum storage volumes among most agencies is 3,600 cubic feet per acre of disturbed area draining to the basin, and thirteen agencies use flocculant additives to enhance the efficiency of sediment basins.
  Authors: Zech, Wesley Charles; Logan, Christopher P.; Fang, Xing
  Authors: Zech, Wesley Charles; Logan, Christopher P.; Fang, Xing
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 600
  Paper Number: 13-1528
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Estimation of Time Rate of Settlement for Multilayered Clays Undergoing Radial Drainage
  Abstract: This paper demonstrates how the finite difference technique can be used to estimate the time-rate of settlement for soft, compressible clayey soils treated with prefabricated vertical drains, at sites where primary consolidation settlement is occurring in a multilayered system at varying rates. Semi-empirical methods based on surface settlement monitoring have typically been used to estimate the progression of primary consolidation settlement. However, interpretation of such methods can be problematic for multilayered soil profiles. For such sites, it is crucial to obtain a reasonable characterization of the foundation soils’ horizontal drainage properties and include these estimates in the time-rate of settlement projections. Field monitoring of subsurface instrumentation is extremely valuable in providing additional information regarding the consolidation behavior of different layers. When subsurface field measurements are coupled with the proposed numerical method, far more reliable projections are obtained. This paper focuses on how to integrate field and laboratory data with time-rate of settlement projections obtained from semi-empirical and finite difference methods to more accurately predict the time-rate of consolidation behavior of multilayered foundation soils.
  Authors: Farnsworth, Clifton B.; Bartlett, Steven F.; Lawton, Evert C.
  Authors: Farnsworth, Clifton B.; Bartlett, Steven F.; Lawton, Evert C.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 622
  Paper Number: 13-1567
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Case Studies in Innovative Quality Assurance Methods for Alternative Delivery Projects
  Abstract: This paper presents the results of a multiple-case study, designed to explore, reveal, and consider evolving techniques used for managing quality assurance systems, especially in cases of alternative forms of delivery, such as construction manager/general contractor (CMGC), Design-Build (DB), and Pubic Private Partnerships (PPP) forms. The study discovered many notable quality assurance methods, including methods that take advantage of design-phase contractor involvement and methods that respond to the increasing use of non-agency designers.The study of ten distinct projects that cross four different project delivery methods found eighteen notable quality assurance methods that generally are not applied in the traditional Design-Bid-Build (DBB) form of contracting. These methods exist in both the pre-award and post-award phases of the projects, and several of the methods were found to be used on more than one form of project delivery. These innovative quality assurance methods may be viewed as tools that a project manager should consider when developing a whole quality assurance system on either a traditional DBB project or on a project that uses one of the alternative forms of contracting. Or—these methods may be used as starting points for further quality assurance innovations.
  Authors: Sillars, David N.; Harman, Landon
  Authors: Sillars, David N.; Harman, Landon
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 244
  Paper Number: 13-1695
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Internal Curing of Concrete Bridge Decks in Utah: Preliminary Evaluation
  Abstract: The objectives of this research were to 1) monitor in-situ bridge deck properties such as moisture and diffusivity for both conventional concrete and concrete containing pre-wetted lightweight fine aggregate (LWFA), which is intended to provide internal curing, 2) compare deck performance in terms of early-age cracking, and 3) evaluate the concrete mixtures in the laboratory in terms of compressive strength and chloride permeability using cylinders cast in the field at the time of deck construction. The research scope included four bridges, two constructed using conventional concrete and two containing pre-wetted LWFA, in northern Utah. Data from sensors embedded in the concrete decks indicate that the moisture content of the internally cured concrete was 2 to 3 percent higher at 28 days than the moisture content of the conventional concrete. Although the internally cured concrete had a higher moisture content, the electrical conductivity values were approximately the same for all the decks after a couple of months, suggesting that the two types of concrete have similar diffusivity. At 28 days, the average strength of the internally cured concrete was 1 percent higher than that of the conventional concrete, and the internally cured concrete passed between 2 and 30 percent less current during the rapid chloride permeability test than the conventional concrete. After 2 months, three to five cracks about 0.2 to 0.3 mm in width were found on each of the conventional concrete bridge decks, while no visible signs of cracking were found in the bridge decks with internal curing.
  Authors: Guthrie, W. Spencer; Yaede, Joseph M.
  Authors: Guthrie, W. Spencer; Yaede, Joseph M.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 799
  Paper Number: 13-5374
• Otta Seal Experience in Nepal
  Abstract: Otta Seals have been adopted in many countries as a low-cost pavement sealing alternative for durable and smooth roads. However, this pavement surfacing option for low volume roads is not yet universally accepted, and its effectiveness is disputed, because of its varied performance. This paper assesses the Otta Seal experience in Nepal for the last ten years, for both local and strategic roads in different geographic terrains – covering the hills and plains of Nepal. It addresses aspects of Otta Seal technology in relation to design, construction, cost and in-service performance, as well as its acceptance by the stakeholders, including the beneficiaries. The stakeholder acceptance has been affected by the early deterioration of the road surface in some instances, mainly attributable to inadequate design, poor quality of construction and inexperience with a new road technology. Road geometry, vehicle speed, and axle loads are other factors which have seriously affected durability. However, overall the performance of the pavements has been considered to be acceptable. The factors contributing to early failures require further discussion and research to help build ownership of this low-cost paving technology among road agencies.
  Authors: Joshi, Surendra Govinda
  Authors: Joshi, Surendra Govinda
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements
  Session: 245
  Paper Number: 13-1627
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Investigation of Very Early Opening Strength Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Repair with the Application of Maturity Testing
  Abstract: The repair of concrete pavement due to utility cuts or deterioration on St. Louis County, Missouri right-of-way consisted of an evaluation of current materials, construction methods and specifications to deliver a durable concrete repair in four to six hours using a concrete maturity meter to determine opening strength. Literature research was performed to improve current four hour opening pavement repair specifications. Material suppliers, contractors and a utility company were consulted on their mixes used. The availability/cost of Type III cement and cold-weather placement was of major concern. The evaluation of contractor, state and county pavement repair mixes, using Type I/II and III cements were tested at the time of placement for concrete temperature, entrained air, and workability. Maturity curves for some common mix designs were constructed to determine the pavement repair’s compressive strength at time of opening. A table of opening compressive strengths based on pavement repair thickness and repair length were adopted. Research concluded that at the time of placement a minimum concrete temperature of 80 Fahrenheit (27 Celsius) is critical in strength gain. The use of non-chloride calcium nitrite-based accelerating and polycarboxylate-based high-range water reducing admixture types were determined and dosages were estimated using locally available aggregate. Specifications were developed to encourage material supplier development of economical ready-mix concrete with Type I/II Portland cement. A procedure was also developed to apply the maturity method to mix design performance and verify the pavement repair’s opening strength is met in four to six hours.
  Authors: Holesinger, Richard E.
  Authors: Holesinger, Richard E.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 237
  Paper Number: 13-0139
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Reducing Specimen Size of Concrete Flexural Strength Test for Safety and Ease of Handling
  Abstract: This study examines the feasibility of using smaller size concrete beam specimens for conducting flexural strength of concrete, using simple beam with third-point loading, according to AASHTO T97 procedure. A total of 22 mixtures, containing four different coarse aggregates (limestone, diabase, gravel and granite) with maximum size varying from ¾ in to 1.5 inch, were prepared. A total of 132 4x4x14 inch specimens and 132 6x6x21 inch standard specimens size were tested. The 4x4 inch specimens yielded higher flexural strengths, as expected from the literature review. Analysis of the flexural strength test data revealed a very good correlation between the smaller and standard size beams. A model is proposed to convert the flexural strength of the small size specimen to flexural strength of the standard size specimen.
  Authors: Ardani, Ahmad Allen; Tanesi, Jussara; Leavitt, John
  Authors: Ardani, Ahmad Allen; Tanesi, Jussara; Leavitt, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 427
  Paper Number: 13-1986
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Development of Estimating Tool for Transportation Project Design
  Abstract: The development of an estimating tool to assist New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) managers is described. The tool was developed using Microsoft Access. It enables managers to input project characteristics and then search a data base of historical projects. The estimating tool returns the staffing levels for similar completed projects. The system was also developed to allow newly completed projects to be added to the data base and to allow for the monitoring of design hours expended for projects that are in progress. Regression analysis was also explored as a means of predicting total project design hours. With the assistance of NYSDOT experts important factors that influence required design hours were identified. Estimating tool users can make a regression prediction for the total project hours using historical projects as input data.
  Authors: Williams, Trefor P.; Parker, Neville A.; Klotz, James
  Authors: Williams, Trefor P.; Parker, Neville A.; Klotz, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-2111
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• A Project Delivery Selection Matrix for Highway Design and Construction
  Abstract: Determining an appropriate delivery method for highway projects is a complex decision. This paper presents a decision support approach to assist highway agencies in evaluating and selecting the most suitable delivery method for their projects. The approach uses a matrix to consider three fundamental delivery methods currently in use by the highway industry: design-bid-build (DBB), design-build (DB), and construction manager/general contractor (CM/GC). The approach, which is in use by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), includes four primary selection factors (delivery schedule, complexity and innovation, level of design, and initial project risk assessment) and four secondary selection factors (cost, staff experience/availability, level of oversight and control, and competition and contractor experience) in the delivery decision. The research identified these eight selection factors, along with opportunities and challenges for each delivery method, through literature and tested through discussions and workshops with innovative contracting leaders from the CDOT, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC), Associated General Contractors of America (AGC), and the University of Colorado. The approach enables an initial risk assessment to occur early in the project development process and prior to the project delivery decision. The project delivery selection matrix promotes a better understanding of project goals, risks, opportunities, and enhances alignment among project participants. The approach has been successfully tested and implemented through eight projects of varying scope throughout Colorado. This paper presents the project delivery selection matrix along with an illustrative case study to demonstrate the results. The research provides a defensible and repeatable process for highway agencies to select an appropriate delivery method for their projects.
  Authors: Tran, Daniel Q.; Harper, Christofer M.; Molenaar, Keith R.; Haddad, Nabil F.; Scholfield, Mark M.
  Authors: Tran, Daniel Q.; Harper, Christofer M.; Molenaar, Keith R.; Haddad, Nabil F.; Scholfield, Mark M.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-2260
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Need for Effective Technology Transfer to Ensure the Sustainability of the Otta Seal
  Abstract: The Otta (graded aggregate) seal technology originated in the Otta valley in Norway in the 1960s. This type of bituminous seal was first introduced to Botswana in the late 1970s with design and construction being initially undertaken in-house and, subsequently, by the private sector. However, a somewhat haphazard approach to the transfer of this relatively new technology from the public to the private sector was largely responsible for initially suppressing the uptake of this innovative type of surfacing despite its eminent suitability for use with locally available, marginal quality aggregates. Many lessons have been learned from this experience which are likely to be useful to other countries where the introduction of the Otta seal is being contemplated. The primary objective of this paper is to highlight the critical importance of undertaking effective technology transfer to ensure the sustainability of any new type of technology, such as the Otta seal. The paper considers the path from research to implementation of new technology, including the typical constraints and barriers that are faced in the African region. In the context of the Otta seal experience in Botswana, the paper then identifies typical barriers and constraints to its ready adoption by the private sector and proposes measures for overcoming them. The paper concludes that a carefully crafted, pro-active approach to technology transfer is necessary to ensure the sustainability of the Otta seal in countries where it is being introduced for the first time.
  Authors: Pinard, Michael Ian
  Authors: Pinard, Michael Ian
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements
  Session: 245
  Paper Number: 13-2472
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Otta Seal Surfacing: Practical and Economic Alternative to Traditional Bituminous Surface Treatments
  Abstract: Natural gravel materials have traditionally been used for upgrading earth to gravel roads or for regravelling existing gravel roads. However, serious concerns have arisen regarding the continuous use of vast amounts of gravel - a non-renewable, finite resource - which is not only being rapidly depleted in many countries but is also unsustainable in the medium to long term. This has prompted road engineers to consider the use of low-cost bituminous surface treatments on these gravel roads as an alternative to regravelling. One type of surfacing that can provide an economic and practical alternative to traditional surfacings, such as the Chip seal, is the Otta seal. Unfortunately, lack of information regarding this relatively new type of bituminous surfacing has suppressed its more wide¬spread use, despite its excellent performance in a number of countries. In view of the above, this paper provides state-of-the-art information on the provision of the Otta seal surfacing as an economic and practical alternative to the more traditional bituminous surface treatments. The paper outlines the origin, properties, design and construction of the Otta seal and very briefly discusses its implementation impacts. Finally, the paper provides short information on the global use of the Otta seal.
  Authors: Overby, Charles
  Authors: Overby, Charles
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements
  Session: 245
  Paper Number: 13-2515
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Wisconsin’s Method of Probing Portland Cement Concrete Pavement for Thickness Determination: Six-Year Statistical Review
  Abstract: The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) has used probing of fresh concrete to determine the thickness of Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavements since 1998. Two earlier studies which compared the results from probing and cores on WisDOT projects concluded that probing did provide an acceptable measure of pavement thickness, but it was recommended that an annual coring program be instituted to verify the probing results. This paper compares core depths with probe measurements for all the projects constructed by WisDOT from 2006 -2011 where both core and probe data were available. A total of 32 projects were analyzed representing over 6,600 probes and 1,200 cores. A statistical analysis was done to determine if the core and probe measurements gave the same results. A simulation model was developed to analyze the power of the t-test to predict if the two measurements are the same and to develop sample sizes needed to insure the two measurements differ only by a preselected amount. Results indicate that there are small, yet somewhat negligible in practice, differences between the core and probe methods of measurement. Recommendations are given for sample sizes needed based upon the size of the acceptable difference between the two methods.
  Authors: Whited, Gary C.; Stenhaug, Benjamin A.; Loh, Wei-Yin
  Authors: Whited, Gary C.; Stenhaug, Benjamin A.; Loh, Wei-Yin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 237
  Paper Number: 13-2718
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Identifying High Pile Rebound Soils Using Cone Penetrometer Pore Water Pressure Measurements: Case Studies in Central Florida
  Abstract: At certain depths during large diameter displacement pile driving, rebound well over 0.25 inch was experienced and followed by a small or zero set during each hammer blow. High pile rebound (HPR) soils may stop the pile driving and results in a limited pile capacity. The overburden depth at which HPR occurred is typically greater than 50 ft. In some cases, rebound leads to pile damage, delaying the construction project, and the requiring foundations redesign. HPR was evaluated at six Central Florida sites, during driving of square precast, prestressed concrete piles driven into saturated, fine silty to clayey sands and sandy clays. Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) deflection versus time data, recorded during installation, was used to develop correlations between cone penetrometer (CPT) pore-water pressures, pile displacements and rebound. Fifteen CPT tests with pore-water pressure measurements (CPTu) were evaluated and comparisons were made to HPR from eleven piles at the six sites. At four sites where piles experienced excessive HPR with no or minimal set, the CPTu pore-water pressure yielded very high positive values of more than 20 tsf. However, at the site where the pile rebounded, followed by an acceptable permanent set, the measured CPTu pore-water pressure ranged between 5 and 20 tsf. The CPTu pore-water pressure exhibited values of less than 5 tsf at the site where no rebound was noticed. In summary, direct correlations between CPTu pore-water pressure and rebound were produced, which could be used to identify soils that produce HPR.
  Authors: Cosentino, Paul J.; Kalajian, Edward; Jarushi, Fauzi; Krajcik, Ryan
  Authors: Cosentino, Paul J.; Kalajian, Edward; Jarushi, Fauzi; Krajcik, Ryan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 601
  Paper Number: 13-2871
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Review of Precast Portland Cement Concrete Panel Technologies for Use in Expedient Portland Cement Concrete Airfield Pavement Repairs
  Abstract: Currently, there is a resurgent interest in the use of precast portland cement concrete (PCC) technologies for pavement construction and repairs. Precast PCC slabs using conventional materials have been utilized at irregular intervals for the last 50 or more years and can offer similar reductions in field installation time as cast in-place PCC with rapid strength gaining materials. This paper documents the history of precast pavement panels around the world for airfield and highway pavements for both repair and new construction work. This information will be used to assist in the development of a methodology for use in rapid full-depth airfield repairs ranging from temporary patches to permanent replacement slabs for rehabilitation. Specific challenges related to military airfield pavement repairs using precast PCC panels are also presented for optimization of a repair panel system for emergency airfield repairs.
  Authors: Priddy, Lucy Phillips; Bly, Peter Grant; Flintsch, Gerardo W.
  Authors: Priddy, Lucy Phillips; Bly, Peter Grant; Flintsch, Gerardo W.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 427
  Paper Number: 13-2956
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Haul Time Effects on Unmodified, Foamed, and Additive-Modified Binders Used in Hot-Mix Asphalt
  Abstract: In recent years, “warm” technologies have made enormous changes to the flexible pavement industry in a variety of manners. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is the most recognizable “warm” technology product, though there are other advantages associated with better compaction over a wide range of temperatures that have made very long haul distances appealing for some applications. This paper focuses on using warm mix technology at traditional hot mix production temperatures for the purpose of facilitating very long haul distances. The primary objective of this paper was to investigate how binder related properties change with haul time when material is mixed at hot mix temperatures, and a secondary objective was to determine if any behavioral differences were present between asphalt binders with no additive, foamed asphalt binders, and asphalt binders with a chemical additive. Plant mixed asphalt was used for the investigation. The overall conclusion of the research was that haul times of 1 to 8 hr produced no major differences in aging for a given binder type or between binder types. Subtle differences were observed between binder types in some instances (e.g. low temperature properties were slightly better for mixes using warm mix technologies relative to the one that did not use warm mix technology).
  Authors: Howard, Isaac L.; Baumgardner, Gaylon L.; Jordan, Walter Stephens; Menapace, Andrew Michael; Mogawer, Walaa S.; Hemsley, Mike
  Authors: Howard, Isaac L.; Baumgardner, Gaylon L.; Jordan, Walter Stephens; Menapace, Andrew Michael; Mogawer, Walaa S.; Hemsley, Mike
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 207
  Paper Number: 13-3093
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Data Density Requirements as Functions of Design Speed for Controlling Accuracies of Horizontal and Vertical Curve Representations in Surface Models for Automated Machine Guidance
  Abstract: When designed, horizontal and vertical highway alignment components are parametrically-described geometric objects (e.g., smooth curves and straight lines). On the other hand, surface models during design, and for automated machine guidance (AMG) during construction, are not geometrically smooth. Rather, they are triangulated irregular networks containing straight line segments that serve as edges of contiguous triangular facets. Designers and/or construction contractors must decide how frequently to discretize parametric design objects for adequate representation by these line segments in surface models. Higher data frequencies, or densities, result in more accurate representations of design. However, high data densities lead to large file sizes, greater storage and data management requirements, and greater data transfer times. Mathematical derivations are presented that relate minimum required data densities to error tolerances for horizontal and vertical curves. The mathematics couple expressions of tolerable error with parameters of curves and, more fundamentally, with design speeds, using geometry, physics, and quantifiable human factors. An example is provided wherein the method was used to produce interim standards for electronic design/AMG for pilot projects with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. The mathematics should be straightforward for incorporation in design software to ensure that individual design objects, groups of them, or entire corridors are represented to acceptable levels of accuracy, with minimum data requirements, in surface models used for construction by AMG.
  Authors: Vonderohe, Alan; Hollister, Brad
  Authors: Vonderohe, Alan; Hollister, Brad
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 582
  Paper Number: 13-1405
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Compression Behavior of Compacted Tire-Derived Aggregate Using a Static Compaction Method
  Abstract: Previous studies used a dynamic method of compaction similar to soil to compact tire-derived aggregate (TDA) in the laboratory. However, TDA for a civil engineering application does not meet the requirements specified by ASTM D 698 or D 1557. Moreover, predictions of field compression for TDA based on one-dimensional compression curves compacted dynamically in a laboratory gave results that deviate from measured strain in the field. In this study, the compacted unit weight and compression behaviour of TDA material with a maximum size of 75mm was investigated in a laboratory. A static method of compaction was used to measure the compacted unit weight and to prepare samples for compression tests. The static method of laboratory compaction simulated field compaction with respect to TDA particle arrangement after compaction. The stress-strain curve obtained from the one-dimensional laboratory test predicted the measured field strain for case studies shown in this study more accurately than previous laboratory compression curves reported in the literature.
  Authors: Meles, Daniel; Bayat, Alireza; Chan, Dave
  Authors: Meles, Daniel; Bayat, Alireza; Chan, Dave
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 622
  Paper Number: 13-4075
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Concrete Pavement Patching Challenges in Virginia
  Abstract: In order to achieve quality and longevity for rigid pavements with limited resources (funds and manpower) full depth and partial depth patches are used to repair transverse cracks, joints with excessive faulting, spalling, and punch-outs in Virginia. Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has worked extensively over many years to have a cost and time efficient methodology for repairing concrete pavements through patching. As a result of that, VDOT moved from a strict method and means specifications to ‘quasi performance’ specifications with a mandatory warranty period of one year for the concrete patches. The warranty covered any premature failure related to material and workmanship. The historical performance data, though not formally documented, for these concrete patches revealed only a few patch failures took place before one year (typical warranty period). However, in spite of having a low risk of failure, the consequence/impact of even limited failure is very significant in terms of traffic delays during the repair, especially on highways with high traffic volumes. Also, over time, the department felt that in case of premature failures, it was hard to resolve the warranty issues with the contractors. In addition, there were concerns regarding the fresh concrete strength gain and minimum time before the concrete patch could be opened to traffic. Therefore, construction provisions had been revised in the past to improve the pavement performance and resolve construction related issues. The proposed provisions for patching address three aspects (a) No excuse warranty, (b) minimum compressive strength before a concrete patch can be opened to traffic, and (c) Quality Assurance of the concrete mix design along with the use of Maturity Meter during construction. The HIPERPAV software was used to assess some performance aspects of the concrete patches based on the available materials and climatic conditions in Virginia. This paper highlights the challenges involved in developing practical concrete pavement patching specifications in Virginia. Several concerns and solutions adopted for patching are documented. Several hypothetical scenarios were analyzed using HIPERPAV software to provide a general idea about the sensitivity of the parameters that impact concrete performance. In addition, the impact of these maintenance practices in achieving long-life pavement in Virginia is also discussed.
  Authors: Elfino, Mohamed Khamis
  Authors: Elfino, Mohamed Khamis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 237
  Paper Number: 13-4297
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Fatigue in Highway Construction Workers: Risks and Countermeasures in Rapid Renewal Project Schedules
  Abstract: This paper describes findings from a field study conducted during the first phase of a 3-year project, sponsored by the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP2) Renewal Program, which investigated the problem of worker and manager fatigue on highway construction sites that use rapid renewal practices. The field study included interviews with 20 subject matter experts with contractors and state Departments of Transportation, and a survey of 47 employees measuring work and sleep schedules, attitudes about fatigue, fatigue levels, and fatigue countermeasures employed. Worker and manager fatigue was found to be a problem on highway construction sites, and to be exacerbated by accelerated construction practices such as night work and weekend closures. This problem was widely acknowledged by both management and labor. Methods for dealing with fatigue were found to be informal, and there was wide variability in attitudes about fatigue. Fatigue countermeasures relevant to highway construction have been studied in other contexts and are already practiced in other industries. Thus, a set of specific fatigue countermeasures could be developed, targeted at the rapid renewal environment and comprised of management interventions (e.g., fatigue training, work scheduling aids, incident reporting and review) and individual interventions (e.g., sleep hygiene, napping, use of caffeine). An integrated fatigue risk management program for rapid renewal projects would include: 1) work scheduling and work practice guidance based on the science of fatigue; 2) organizational practice guidance; 3) fatigue management reference materials; 4) training materials for managers and workers; 5) outreach materials for raising awareness.
  Authors: Jackson, J. Elizabeth; Sanquist, Tom; Campbell, John L.; Lee, Eul-Bum; Van Dongen, Hans
  Authors: Jackson, J. Elizabeth; Sanquist, Tom; Campbell, John L.; Lee, Eul-Bum; Van Dongen, Hans
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-4394
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Concrete Pavement Thickness Variation Assessment with Cores and Nondestructive Testing Measurements
  Abstract: Concrete pavement thickness data was collected from sections of 2 concrete pavements with a non-destructive testing (NDT) device and by measuring concrete core thickness. The NDT device allowed thickness measurements every 15 ft. compared to 1000 ft. for each core. Comparison of the core and NDT data showed that core thickness data does not capture the extreme peaks and valleys of pavement thickness variation. Further analysis of the core and NDT thickness data with the Minnesota Department of Transportation's concrete pavement thickness specifications highlighted that contractor pay deductions due to thickness deficiencies were not realized. Autocorrelation analysis of the data showed that concrete pavement thickness variation is not random, but is correlated to thicknesses of lag between 30-270 ft. This correlation lag is a starting point for answering the question, "how often must a thickness measurement be taken to accurately characterize the thickness variation of a concrete pavement."
  Authors: Vancura, Mary Elizabeth; Barnes, Randal; Khazanovich, Lev
  Authors: Vancura, Mary Elizabeth; Barnes, Randal; Khazanovich, Lev
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 237
  Paper Number: 13-4910
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Determining Significant Factors for Earthmoving in Bridge Construction
  Abstract: Urban earthmoving operations are analyzed to identify significant factors that impact relatively low productivity. The research project was conducted in the urban interchange reconstruction of Interstate Highway 235 (I-235) in Des Moines, Iowa. By using observational studies and a statistical analysis method, the factors were identified, including match factor, number of passes, and loading cycle time per bucket. Number of truck, match factor, travel time, and hauling distance were identified as the unique factors for the off-site earthmoving project, while the start time and travel time were significant factors for the on-site project. This research also identified significant factors for the truck bunching and showed that the match factor from the urban earthmoving project does not linearly correlate with the productivity of each truck. Reducing the hauling distance for urban earthmoving projects was the principal method for improving productivity. Based on the research results, a pre-planning and execution method was proposed to improve earthmoving productivity for urban interchange reconstruction.
  Authors: Kim, Seonghoon; Bai, Yong; Jung, Yangki
  Authors: Kim, Seonghoon; Bai, Yong; Jung, Yangki
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 600
  Paper Number: 13-4940
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Investigation of Premature Deterioration in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement Sections in Pennsylvania
  Abstract: This paper presents the results of a detailed investigation performed on three sections of in-service jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) located across Pennsylvania. These pavement sections exhibited various types of distresses with different severities that developed prematurely. This shortened the pavement functional life and can result in additional maintenance and rehabilitation costs. The main distresses found in these three sections were joint spalling, microcracking, map cracking, and transverse cracking. The objectives of this study are to assist with identifying the causes of this early deterioration so it can be prevented in future projects and to provide guidance on how to address this deterioration once it has developed. The investigation of each pavement section included a distress survey, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing, laboratory material characterization and petrographic analysis of field samples. The Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) was also used for a section to help determine if the cause of the distress was fatigue related. The analysis of the data showed that material related issues such as durability cracking and alkali-silica reaction were present. Construction deficiencies played a significant role in contributing to the observed distresses, as well. The sections exhibited segregation and drying shrinkage which suggested workability and finishing/curing issues. Another problem that was identified that is most likely the result of construction issues is joint lockup.
  Authors: Ramirez, Luis; Vandenbossche, Julie M.; Nassiri, Somayeh
  Authors: Ramirez, Luis; Vandenbossche, Julie M.; Nassiri, Somayeh
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 237
  Paper Number: 13-5127
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Roadmap for Implementing Construction Manager General Contractor Project Delivery in Transportation
  Abstract: Transportation agencies are increasingly interested in the use of new strategies for project delivery. Over the last decade, many have focused on adding Design-Build (DB) to their project delivery toolbox. As a result, a large majority of state agencies have already used DB at least on a pilot basis and many have obtained, and widely used, legislative authority to implement it on many projects. Previous research has shown that the goal is not to replace the existing paradigm of Design-Bid-Build project delivery with another paradigm, but, instead of replacing a single-delivery method model of delivery with another that includes several options. As a result, some of the early implementers of DB are now experiencing the implementation of another project delivery model in transportation, Construction Manager General Contractor (CMGC) and/or Construction Management at Risk (CMR). First, this paper reports results from a survey on the status quo in terms of CMGC utilization and then compares it against DB utilization. Then, it utilizes a previously-developed implementation framework to map the current status of different agencies and outlines a roadmap toward implementation. This paper relies on the argument that efforts for adding new project delivery methods (e.g., CMGC, DB, etc.) to an agency’s delivery toolbox follow the same process and encounter similar challenges. Therefore, agencies that are interested in exploring and implementing CMGC may gain from lessons learned of other agencies that have already implemented it, and also from their own (or others’) lessons learned from implementing DB.
  Authors: Migliaccio, Giovanni Ciro; Minchin, R. Edward; Gatti, Umberto Carlo; Ptschelinzew, Lourdes
  Authors: Migliaccio, Giovanni Ciro; Minchin, R. Edward; Gatti, Umberto Carlo; Ptschelinzew, Lourdes
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 244
  Paper Number: 13-5161
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Creep and Repeated Creep-Recovery as Rutting Performance Tests for Airport Hot-Mix Asphalt Mix Design
  Abstract: ABSTRACTA performance test to evaluate rutting susceptibility is needed to accompany current volumetric property requirements of airport hot mix asphalt (HMA) designed using a Superpave Gyratory Compactor. The new performance test will provide a level of confidence that pavement constructed using a selected HMA mixture will function according to its design. This paper presents results from a laboratory study to identify a performance test for accepting hot asphalt mixtures for constructing airport pavements designed for high tire pressure traffic. Performance tests intended to indicate rutting susceptibility were performed on twenty-six HMA mixtures. Twenty-two of these mixtures met all aggregate and volumetric property requirements for airport pavement construction; the remaining four mixtures were designed with excessive percentage of natural sand (30%) as rut-susceptible mixtures. Results from asphalt pavement analyzer, triaxial creep, and triaxial repeated creep-recovery tests are presented. Statistical analyses performed on the results indicate the rate of increase in permanent strain and the flow time value determined from triaxial creep testing provide the strongest correlation to Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) simulated traffic rutting.
  Authors: Rushing, John F.; Little, Dallas N.
  Authors: Rushing, John F.; Little, Dallas N.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 657
  Paper Number: 13-3708
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Evaluation of Non-Nuclear-Density Gauges for Measuring In-Place Density of Hot-Mix Asphalt
  Abstract: Ensuring that the hot mix asphalt (HMA) mat is compacted uniformly to an adequate density is critical to the performance of a pavement structure. Nuclear density gauges (NDGs) have been used for many years in pavement construction as a method of nondestructive density testing. Non-nuclear density gauges (NNDGs) perform the same function as NDGs. However, because NNDGs does not contain a nuclear source material, they are not subject to the same extensive fees and regulations as NDGs. Field and laboratory test results for two NNDGs, the Troxler PaveTracker and Transtech PQI 301 (referred to simply as the PQI in this paper), are analyzed in this paper to determine if NNDGs can serve as viable replacements for NDGs. Several potential factors that could affect the accuracy of NNDGs are examined. Global factors, such as aggregate mineralogy, the nominal maximum size of aggregate, HMA class, and aggregate absorption, are shown not to affect NNDGs stastistically significantly. Local factors, such as surface markings, likewise are shown not to have a statistically significant effect on NNDG readings. However, temperature and moisture are shown to affect NNDG readings. Overall, both the PaveTracker and PQI devices appear to be valid replacements for NDGs for quality assurance purposes, provided that the temperature and moisture conditions are met.
  Authors: Timm, Anthony; Wen, Haifang; Sharma, Sunil; Rose, Mark
  Authors: Timm, Anthony; Wen, Haifang; Sharma, Sunil; Rose, Mark
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 207
  Paper Number: 13-3779
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Construction Engineering Recommendations for Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges: Report for NCHRP Project 12-79, Task 9
  Abstract: The recently completed NCHRP Research Project 12-79, “Guidelines for Analytical Methods and Erection Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Deck-Girder Bridges,” investigated the analysis of curved and skewed steel girder bridges. Over 70 bridges were analyzed in detail using a variety of 1D, 2D, and 3D analysis methods; for each bridge the results of the various analysis methods were compared to benchmark 3D fine element analysis results or to field measurements (when available) to evaluate their accuracy. The results were evaluated to determine appropriate levels of analysis for erection engineering of various types of steel girder bridges. Numerous findings and recommendations representing significant advancements in the state of the art for erection engineering were generated. While a few of the recommendations involve improvements to commercial bridge analysis software and may take some time to implement, the remainder of the findings and recommendations can be implemented immediately by bridge engineers performing erection analyses. The NCHRP 12-79 research team provided a succinct and practical summary of these immediately implementable findings and recommendations, in a format useful to practicing bridge design engineers, in what they called the Task 9 report. This paper provides a summary of the NCHRP 12-79 Task 9 report recommendations.
  Authors: Coletti, Domenic; Chavel, Brandon; White, Donald W.; Sanchez, Andres; Ozgur, Cagri; Chong, Juan Manual Jimenez
  Authors: Coletti, Domenic; Chavel, Brandon; White, Donald W.; Sanchez, Andres; Ozgur, Cagri; Chong, Juan Manual Jimenez
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 624
  Paper Number: 13-3826
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Sustainability Trends Measured by Greenroads Rating System
  Abstract: Greenroads, a sustainability rating system for roadway projects, is used to evaluate 105 roadway and bridge projects located in the United States for sustainable design and construction practices at various lifecycle stages. Forty projects are claimed to be “sustainable” and are compared to the remaining 65 “typical” projects, representing conventional practice. The objectives of the investigation are to demonstrate the potential impact that Greenroads might have on the U.S. transportation industry by applying it to a variety of actual roadway projects and to use this information to establish a reference point for future studies. The results identify trends in achievement for current practice, highlight areas for improving current practice, and also may be used to improve how the tool itself measures sustainability performance. The results also show that: 1) some credits and categories are easily achieved, whereas others are more challenging and offer opportunities for improved environmental performance, 2) typical roadway projects tend not to exceed environmental regulations and score lower than sustainable projects, 3) contractors and materials suppliers appear to have unrealized opportunities to contribute, and 4) an early emphasis on the environment during project development appears to differentiate between typical and sustainable projects and manifest as higher Greenroads scores.Greenroads is determined to be a reasonable measurement tool for sustainability in roadway design and construction projects because 1) it can help practitioners quantify and measure sustainability for a roadway project during project development, design and construction, and 2) it can differentiate between typical and sustainable projects.
  Authors: Anderson, Jeralee L.; Muench, Stephen T.
  Authors: Anderson, Jeralee L.; Muench, Stephen T.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Construction; Environment; Operations and Traffic Management
  Session: 274
  Paper Number: 13-5328
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Risk-Based Adaptation Frameworks for Climate Change Planning in the Transportation Sector: Synthesis of Practice
  Authors: Wall, Thomas
  Authors: Wall, Thomas
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Environment
  Session: 509
  Paper Number: 13-1418
• Risk-Based Adaptation Frameworks for Climate Change Planning in the Transportation Sector: Synthesis of Practice
  Authors: Meyer, Michael
  Authors: Meyer, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Environment
  Session: 509
  Paper Number: 13-1418
• Approach for Integrating Sustainability into Roadway Project Development
  Authors: Davis, Anneke
  Authors: Davis, Anneke
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Environment; Operations and Traffic Management
  Session: 274
  Paper Number: 13-1772
• Developing a Comprehensive Sustainable Transportation Analysis Framework
  Authors: Dondero, George
  Authors: Dondero, George
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Environment; Operations and Traffic Management
  Session: 274
  Paper Number: 13-0348
• Developing a Comprehensive Sustainable Transportation Analysis Framework
  Authors: Hurley, Peter
  Authors: Hurley, Peter
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Environment; Operations and Traffic Management
  Session: 274
  Paper Number: 13-0348
• Transportation Applications for Mobile Lidar Scanning: State-of-the-Practice Questionnaire
  Authors: Hurwitz, David
  Authors: Hurwitz, David
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 582
  Paper Number: 13-1606
• Reducing Specimen Size of Concrete Flexural Strength Test for Safety and Ease of Handling
  Authors: Ardani, Ahmad
  Authors: Ardani, Ahmad
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 427
  Paper Number: 13-1986
• Erection of Steel Bridges Across Large River for Shinkansen High-Speed Rail
  Authors: Minami, Kuniaki
  Authors: Minami, Kuniaki
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 624
  Paper Number: 13-0855
• Erection of Steel Bridges Across Large River for Shinkansen High-Speed Rail
  Authors: Shimotsu, Tatsuya
  Authors: Shimotsu, Tatsuya
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 624
  Paper Number: 13-0855
• Identification of Physical Transportation Infrastructure Vulnerable to Sea Level Rise
  Authors: Bloetscher, Frederick
  Authors: Bloetscher, Frederick
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Environment
  Session: 509
  Paper Number: 13-0926
• Data Density Requirements as Functions of Design Speed for Controlling Accuracies of Horizontal and Vertical Curve Representations in Surface Models for Automated Machine Guidance
  Authors: Vonderohe, Alan
  Authors: Vonderohe, Alan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 582
  Paper Number: 13-1405
• Reducing Specimen Size of Concrete Flexural Strength Test for Safety and Ease of Handling
  Authors: Tanesi, Jussara
  Authors: Tanesi, Jussara
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 427
  Paper Number: 13-1986
• Review of Precast Portland Cement Concrete Panel Technologies for Use in Expedient Portland Cement Concrete Airfield Pavement Repairs
  Authors: Priddy, Lucy
  Authors: Priddy, Lucy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 427
  Paper Number: 13-2956
• Estimation of Time Rate of Settlement for Multilayered Clays Undergoing Radial Drainage
  Authors: Farnsworth, Clifton
  Authors: Farnsworth, Clifton
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 622
  Paper Number: 13-1567
• Automated Measurement and Control of Slump and Water Content for Concrete Quality Assurance
  Authors: Koehler, Eric
  Authors: Koehler, Eric
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 427
  Paper Number: 13-3031
• Innovative Approach for Asphalt Pavement Compaction Monitoring Using Ground-Penetrating Radar
  Authors: Shangguan, Pengcheng
  Authors: Shangguan, Pengcheng
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 207
  Paper Number: 13-2425
• Innovative Approach for Asphalt Pavement Compaction Monitoring Using Ground-Penetrating Radar
  Authors: Al-Qadi, Imad
  Authors: Al-Qadi, Imad
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 207
  Paper Number: 13-2425
• Haul Time Effects on Unmodified, Foamed, and Additive-Modified Binders Used in Hot-Mix Asphalt
  Authors: Howard, Isaac
  Authors: Howard, Isaac
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 207
  Paper Number: 13-3093
• Evaluation of Non-Nuclear-Density Gauges for Measuring In-Place Density of Hot-Mix Asphalt
  Authors: Timm, Anthony
  Authors: Timm, Anthony
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 207
  Paper Number: 13-3779
• Evaluation of Non-Nuclear-Density Gauges for Measuring In-Place Density of Hot-Mix Asphalt
  Authors: Rose, Mark
  Authors: Rose, Mark
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 207
  Paper Number: 13-3779
• Construction Engineering Recommendations for Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges: Report for NCHRP Project 12-79, Task 9
  Authors: Coletti, Domenic
  Authors: Coletti, Domenic
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 624
  Paper Number: 13-3826
• Lake Champlain Bridge Emergency Replacement Project
  Authors: Zoli, Theodore
  Authors: Zoli, Theodore
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 624
  Paper Number: 13-3893
• Compression Behavior of Compacted Tire-Derived Aggregate Using a Static Compaction Method
  Authors: Bayat, Ali
  Authors: Bayat, Ali
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 622
  Paper Number: 13-4075
• Portable Seismic Pavement Analyzer for Paving Quality Assurance
  Authors: Faheem, Ahmed
  Authors: Faheem, Ahmed
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 207
  Paper Number: 13-4791
• Field Study on Construction of Highway Embankment Made from Two Tire-Derived Aggregate Types and Tire-Derived Aggregate Mixed with Soil as Fill Materials
  Authors: Bayat, Ali
  Authors: Bayat, Ali
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 622
  Paper Number: 13-4122
• Massachusetts Department of Transportation Experience with ABC Policy and Projects
  Authors: Elnahal, Shoukry
  Authors: Elnahal, Shoukry
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction
  Session: 561
  Paper Number: P13-5134
• ABC-PBES Policy Development: Michigan Department of Transportation
  Authors: Chynoweth, Matthew
  Authors: Chynoweth, Matthew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction
  Session: 561
  Paper Number: P13-5138
• The Phased-Array Evolution
  Authors: Hayes, Paul
  Authors: Hayes, Paul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction
  Session: 468
  Paper Number: P13-5126
• ABC Policy Development: Utah Department of Transportation
  Authors: Swanwick, Carmen
  Authors: Swanwick, Carmen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction
  Session: 561
  Paper Number: P13-5139
• Highways for LIFE: Lessons Learned for Deploying Innovation
  Authors: Lord, Byron
  Authors: Lord, Byron
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 771
  Paper Number: P13-5159
• SHRP 2 Implementation: The Secrets to Success
  Authors: DiMaggio, Jerry
  Authors: DiMaggio, Jerry
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 802
  Paper Number: P13-5163
• Using Marketing Principles to get Innovations Implemented
  Authors: Bergeron, Kathleen
  Authors: Bergeron, Kathleen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 802
  Paper Number: P13-5160
• Preparing the UK Rail Network for Climate Change
  Authors: Baker, Christopher
  Authors: Baker, Christopher
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Environment
  Session: 509
  Paper Number: P13-5157
• Beyond Profiling: Productivity Improvements Through Tight Integration of New Technologies on Single Survey Platform
  Authors: Warren, Garry
  Authors: Warren, Garry
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 153
  Paper Number: P13-5241
• Intelligent Compaction Technologies: Overview
  Authors: Gallivan, Victor
  Authors: Gallivan, Victor
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 153
  Paper Number: P13-5243
• Reliability Issues for Ultrasonic Testing
  Authors: Washer, Glenn
  Authors: Washer, Glenn
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction
  Session: 468
  Paper Number: P13-5205
• Emulsion Task Force Activities Update
  Authors: Franco, Colin
  Authors: Franco, Colin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Maintenance and Preservation; Materials
  Session: 837
  Paper Number: P13-5268
• Internal Curing of Concrete Bridge Decks in Utah: Preliminary Evaluation
  Authors: Yaede, Joseph
  Authors: Yaede, Joseph
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 799
  Paper Number: 13-5374
• Statewide ABC Policy Development: Iowa Department of Transportation
  Authors: Abu-Hawash, Ahmad
  Authors: Abu-Hawash, Ahmad
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction
  Session: 561
  Paper Number: P13-5125
• Importance of Insulation at Bottom of Mass Concrete Placed on Soil
  Authors: Do, Tu
  Authors: Do, Tu
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 427
  Paper Number: 13-4257
• Introduction
  Authors: Chen, Dar-Hao
  Authors: Chen, Dar-Hao
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 153
  Paper Number: P13-5238
• Use of Infrared and Ground-Penetrating Radar to Monitor Hot-Mix Quality
  Authors: Scullion, Tom
  Authors: Scullion, Tom
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 153
  Paper Number: P13-5240
• Field Validation of Emulsion Performance Specifications
  Authors: Martin, Amy
  Authors: Martin, Amy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Maintenance and Preservation; Materials
  Session: 837
  Paper Number: P13-5273
• Field Sampling and Testing
  Authors: Farrar, Michael
  Authors: Farrar, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Maintenance and Preservation; Materials
  Session: 837
  Paper Number: P13-5274
• Strawman Specification for Emulsion Residue Recovery and Testing
  Authors: Kadrmas, Arlis
  Authors: Kadrmas, Arlis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Maintenance and Preservation; Materials
  Session: 837
  Paper Number: P13-5269
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Hietpas, Jay
  Authors: Hietpas, Jay
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 629
  Paper Number: P13-5293
• Field Application of Ultrasonic Phased Array for Structural Evaluation
  Authors: Fish, Philip
  Authors: Fish, Philip
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction
  Session: 468
  Paper Number: P13-5283
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Park, Randy
  Authors: Park, Randy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 629
  Paper Number: P13-5293
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Carlson, John
  Authors: Carlson, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 569
  Paper Number: P13-5294
• VDC-CIM Benefits, Costs, and Return on Investment
  Authors: Parve, Lance
  Authors: Parve, Lance
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 693
  Paper Number: P13-5339
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Smith, Nancy
  Authors: Smith, Nancy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Finance; Law
  Session: 309
  Paper Number: P13-5462
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Patel, Shailendra
  Authors: Patel, Shailendra
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Finance; Law
  Session: 365
  Paper Number: P13-5463
• Development of Superpave Mixture Design System
  Authors: Huber, Gerald
  Authors: Huber, Gerald
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 158
  Paper Number: P13-5454
• Federal Highway Administration Implementation Activities
  Authors: D'Angelo, John
  Authors: D'Angelo, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 158
  Paper Number: P13-5456
• AASHTO Lead States Program for SHRP Implementation
  Authors: Sines, Ronald
  Authors: Sines, Ronald
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 158
  Paper Number: P13-5457
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Milton, John
  Authors: Milton, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Finance; Law
  Session: 309
  Paper Number: P13-5462
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Molenaar, Keith
  Authors: Molenaar, Keith
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Finance; Law
  Session: 309
  Paper Number: P13-5462
• Competencies and Components That Support Innovation
  Authors: Bedford, Denise
  Authors: Bedford, Denise
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Administration and Management; Construction; Maintenance and Preservation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 457
  Paper Number: P13-5502
• Minnesota Department of Transportation's Destination Innovation, Organizational Implementation, and Lessons Learned
  Authors: Wallace, Jean
  Authors: Wallace, Jean
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Administration and Management; Construction; Maintenance and Preservation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 457
  Paper Number: P13-5503
• Intelligent Compaction Equipment Innovations
  Authors: Kowalski, Tim
  Authors: Kowalski, Tim
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials
  Session: 836
  Paper Number: P13-5598
• AASHTO's Technology Implementation Group (TIG) and SHRP 2 Implementation Efforts
  Authors: McDonnell, Jim
  Authors: McDonnell, Jim
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 771
  Paper Number: P13-5161
• Experience with Electromagnetic Techniques in Road QC-QA Projects in Northern Europe
  Authors: Saarenketo, Timo
  Authors: Saarenketo, Timo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 153
  Paper Number: P13-5239
• Practical Quality Control for Roadway Construction with Intelligent Compaction Technologies
  Authors: Chang, George
  Authors: Chang, George
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 153
  Paper Number: P13-5244
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Youd, Russell
  Authors: Youd, Russell
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 569
  Paper Number: P13-5294
• VDC-CIM Tools, Technologies, and Processes
  Authors: Gilson, Kevin
  Authors: Gilson, Kevin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 693
  Paper Number: P13-5338
• Sustainability Trends Measured by Greenroads Rating System
  Authors: Anderson, Jeralee
  Authors: Anderson, Jeralee
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Environment; Operations and Traffic Management
  Session: 274
  Paper Number: 13-5328
• Eliminating Unnecessary Information and E-construction
  Authors: Belcher, Daniel
  Authors: Belcher, Daniel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 156
  Paper Number: P13-5413
• Life-Cycle Building Information Modeling: Case Study of Naval Air Station Brunswick
  Authors: Neelapala, Suresh
  Authors: Neelapala, Suresh
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 156
  Paper Number: P13-5416
• Summary of National Efforts in Accelerating Project Delivery
  Authors: Yakowenko, Gerald
  Authors: Yakowenko, Gerald
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 165
  Paper Number: P13-5425
• Origin of the Strategic Highway Research Program
  Authors: Hawks, Neil
  Authors: Hawks, Neil
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 158
  Paper Number: P13-5449
• Asphalt Binder Research
  Authors: Anderson, David
  Authors: Anderson, David
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 158
  Paper Number: P13-5451
• Development of Asphalt Mixture Tests
  Authors: Monismith, Carl
  Authors: Monismith, Carl
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 158
  Paper Number: P13-5452
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Galvin, Daniel
  Authors: Galvin, Daniel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Finance; Law
  Session: 309
  Paper Number: P13-5462
• Robbins Hard Rock Machines
  Authors: Ofiara, Dennis
  Authors: Ofiara, Dennis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Design
  Session: 678
  Paper Number: P13-5591
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Gransberg, Douglas
  Authors: Gransberg, Douglas
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 569
  Paper Number: P13-5294
• Three-Dimensional Design and Construction Modeling: Lessons Learned in S.E. Freeway Wisconsin Projects
  Authors: Parve, Lance
  Authors: Parve, Lance
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 156
  Paper Number: P13-5417
• Development of SHRP Research Plans
  Authors: Epps, Jon
  Authors: Epps, Jon
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 158
  Paper Number: P13-5450
• Herrenknecht Soft Ground Machines
  Authors: Burger, Werner
  Authors: Burger, Werner
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Design
  Session: 678
  Paper Number: P13-5590
• Project Case Studies Involving VDC-CIM for Transportation Planning and Design
  Authors: Dippold, Cory
  Authors: Dippold, Cory
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 738
  Paper Number: P13-5676
• Project Case Studies Involving VDC-CIM for Transportation Planning and Design
  Authors: Sireeni, Jarkko
  Authors: Sireeni, Jarkko
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 738
  Paper Number: P13-5676
• Project Case Studies Involving VDC-CIM for Transportation Construction-Operations-Maintenance
  Authors: DiGiacobbe, Paul
  Authors: DiGiacobbe, Paul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 738
  Paper Number: P13-5675
• Project Case Studies Involving VDC-CIM for Transportation Construction-Operations-Maintenance
  Authors: Johnson, Christopher
  Authors: Johnson, Christopher
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 738
  Paper Number: P13-5675
• Development of Performance Prediction Models
  Authors: Lytton, Robert
  Authors: Lytton, Robert
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 158
  Paper Number: P13-5453
• International Component of SHRP Program
  Authors: Rowe, Geoffrey
  Authors: Rowe, Geoffrey
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 158
  Paper Number: P13-5455
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Schwab, John
  Authors: Schwab, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Finance; Law
  Session: 365
  Paper Number: P13-5463
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Bearup, Wylie
  Authors: Bearup, Wylie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 569
  Paper Number: P13-5294
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Scott, Sid
  Authors: Scott, Sid
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Finance; Law
  Session: 365
  Paper Number: P13-5463
• Performance Tests for Emulsion Residues
  Authors: Bahia, Hussain
  Authors: Bahia, Hussain
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Maintenance and Preservation; Materials
  Session: 837
  Paper Number: P13-5271
• Pavement ME Design: Process to Implement New Models
  Authors: Corley-Lay, Judith
  Authors: Corley-Lay, Judith
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 771
  Paper Number: P13-5158
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: McDaniel, Rebecca
  Authors: McDaniel, Rebecca
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 158
  Paper Number: Z13-158
• FHWA Implementation of Intelligent Compaction Technology
  Authors: Chang, George
  Authors: Chang, George
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials
  Session: 836
  Paper Number: P13-5599
• Stringless Paving
  Authors: Soar, Karl
  Authors: Soar, Karl
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials
  Session: 836
  Paper Number: P13-5609
• Need for Performance-Based Emulsion Specifications: FLH Study
  Authors: Voth, Michael
  Authors: Voth, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Maintenance and Preservation; Materials
  Session: 837
  Paper Number: P13-5267
• SHRP 2 Bridge Solutions in Practice: Iowa DOT experience
  Authors: Abu-Hawash, Ahmad
  Authors: Abu-Hawash, Ahmad
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: P13-6999
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Gransberg, Douglas
  Authors: Gransberg, Douglas
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 629
  Paper Number: Z13-629
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Rostami, Jamal
  Authors: Rostami, Jamal
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Design
  Session: 678
  Paper Number: Z13-678
• SHRP 2 Pavement Products Overview
  Authors: Bryant, James
  Authors: Bryant, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: P13-7001
• Washington State DOT experience with SHRP 2 Pavement Solutions (R23)
  Authors: Uhlmeyer, Jeffrey
  Authors: Uhlmeyer, Jeffrey
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: P13-7004
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Fordham, Damon
  Authors: Fordham, Damon
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Environment; Operations and Traffic Management
  Session: 274
  Paper Number: Z13-274
• Illinois Tollway Authority Experience with SHRP 2 Pavement Solutions (R05 & R21)
  Authors: Gillen, Steve
  Authors: Gillen, Steve
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: P13-7002
• SHRP 2 NDT Solutions Overview
  Authors: Starnes, Monica
  Authors: Starnes, Monica
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: P13-7005
• SHRP 2 R06E, Real-Time Smoothness Measurement During PCC Pavement Construction: Contractor's perspective on the use of SHRP 2 NDT Solution
  Authors: Thomas, Cal
  Authors: Thomas, Cal
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: P13-7007
• SHRP 2 Implementation - What's Next
  Authors: Bryant, James
  Authors: Bryant, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: P13-7008
• No More Stovepipes: A Unified Transportation Data Model
  Authors: Roe, Gene
  Authors: Roe, Gene
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 446
  Paper Number: P13-6120
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Bryant, James
  Authors: Bryant, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: Z13-111
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Ocel, Justin
  Authors: Ocel, Justin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction
  Session: 468
  Paper Number: Z13-468
• SHRP 2 Bridge Products Overview
  Authors: Starnes, Monica
  Authors: Starnes, Monica
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: P13-6997
• SHRP 2 Bridge Solutions in Practice: NYSDOT Experience
  Authors: Sivakumar, Bala
  Authors: Sivakumar, Bala
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: P13-7000
• Stabilization of Infinite Slope Failure Utilizing Hollow Bar Soil Nails with Long-Term Monitoring Plan
  Authors: Lundgreen, Christopher
  Authors: Lundgreen, Christopher
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 513
  Paper Number: P13-6173
• Workflow for Electronic Data Transfer to Support Automated Machine Guidance in Construction
  Authors: Mallen, John
  Authors: Mallen, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 513
  Paper Number: P13-6172
• Transportation Preparedness and Adaptation to Face Climate Change Challenges
  Authors: Doll, Claus
  Authors: Doll, Claus
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Environment
  Session: 509
  Paper Number: P13-5828
• Stringless Concrete Whitetopping Project
  Authors: Jahren, Charles
  Authors: Jahren, Charles
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 116
  Paper Number: P13-6144
• Sustainability Evaluation of Asphalt Pavements Constructed Using Recycled Materials and Mining By-product: Review of Pavement Sustainability Rating Systems and Case Studies
  Authors: Hanson, Chelsea
  Authors: Hanson, Chelsea
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 513
  Paper Number: P13-6175
• Mobile LiDAR for Construction Monitoring
  Authors: Padgett, Jeffrey
  Authors: Padgett, Jeffrey
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 582
  Paper Number: P13-6137
• Three-Dimensional Modeling and Automatic Machine Guidance Implantation for Wisconsin Department of Transportation
  Authors: Vonderohe, Alan
  Authors: Vonderohe, Alan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 116
  Paper Number: P13-6143
• Spatial Database Opportunities for Three-Dimensional Modeling and Automatic Machine Guidance
  Authors: Turkan, Yelda
  Authors: Turkan, Yelda
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 116
  Paper Number: P13-6147
• Effect of Overtopping Quantities and Durations on Levee Erosion Hazard
  Authors: Kamalzare, Mehrad
  Authors: Kamalzare, Mehrad
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 513
  Paper Number: P13-6174
• Guidelines for Road Design, Road Safety Evaluation, and Computerized Management of Data for Road Networks
  Authors: Russo, Francesca
  Authors: Russo, Francesca
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 513
  Paper Number: P13-6176
• Burned Area Response Road Issues
  Authors: Berry, Jonathan
  Authors: Berry, Jonathan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 513
  Paper Number: P13-6177
• SHRP 2 Renewal Overview
  Authors: Bryant, James
  Authors: Bryant, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 111
  Paper Number: P13-6996
• Panel Discussion
  Authors: Self, Michael
  Authors: Self, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 301
  Paper Number: P13-6823
• Internal Curing: Research Findings and Observations from Implementation
  Authors: Weiss, William
  Authors: Weiss, William
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 799
  Paper Number: P13-5875
• Deicer Scaling of Concrete Prepared with Curing Compounds
  Authors: Cramer, Steven
  Authors: Cramer, Steven
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 799
  Paper Number: P13-5877
• Improving FHWA SmartCure for Practical Implementation
  Authors: Ruiz, J.
  Authors: Ruiz, J.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 799
  Paper Number: P13-5878
• Evaluation of Concrete Curing Effectiveness Using Concrete Abrasion Testing in Texas
  Authors: Zollinger, Dan
  Authors: Zollinger, Dan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 799
  Paper Number: P13-5879
• Implementing Lithium Cure on Bridge Decks in Arkansas
  Authors: Tamayo, Sarah
  Authors: Tamayo, Sarah
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 799
  Paper Number: P13-5881
• Looking Ahead: The Department of Transportation in 2020
  Authors: Singh, Ranvir (Ron)
  Keywords: "Engineering; Automation; ODOT; Ron Singh"
  Authors: Singh, Ranvir (Ron)
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 446
  Paper Number: P13-6121
• Automatic Machine Guidance Investigation for Mississippi Department of Transportation
  Authors: Hannon, John
  Authors: Hannon, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 116
  Paper Number: P13-6142
• MAP-21 and Everyday Counts
  Authors: Clabaugh, Curtis
  Authors: Clabaugh, Curtis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 582
  Paper Number: P13-6136
• Mobile LiDAR for Construction Monitoring
  Authors: DiGiacobbe, Paul
  Authors: DiGiacobbe, Paul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 582
  Paper Number: P13-6137
• Findings from NCHRP Project 10-77, Use of Automated Machine Guidance Within the Construction Industry
  Authors: White, David
  Authors: White, David
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 116
  Paper Number: P13-6139
• Automatic Machine Guidance Impacts on Surveying, Design, and Construction Workflow
  Authors: Jahren, Charles
  Authors: Jahren, Charles
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 116
  Paper Number: P13-6141
• Automatic Machine Guidance and Three-Dimensional Modeling for Subgrades and Asphalt Pavements
  Authors: Vonderohe, Alan
  Authors: Vonderohe, Alan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 116
  Paper Number: P13-6145
• Chinese Experience with 15+ m TBMs
  Authors: Yan, Jenny
  Authors: Yan, Jenny
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Design
  Session: 678
  Paper Number: P13-5592
• Intelligent Construction Data Management with Veda
  Authors: Chang, George
  Authors: Chang, George
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials
  Session: 836
  Paper Number: P13-5606
• Project Case Studies Involving VDC-CIM for Transportation Construction-Operations-Maintenance
  Authors: Hafferty, Brendan
  Authors: Hafferty, Brendan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 738
  Paper Number: P13-5675
• Project Case Studies Involving VDC-CIM for Transportation Planning and Design
  Authors: Craven, Jeremy
  Authors: Craven, Jeremy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 738
  Paper Number: P13-5676
• Michigan Department of Transportation's Reinvention and Innovation Promotion Process
  Authors: Steudle, Kirk
  Authors: Steudle, Kirk
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Administration and Management; Construction; Maintenance and Preservation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 457
  Paper Number: P13-5504
• North Carolina Department of Transportation's Continuous Improvement
  Authors: Garland, Jeffrey
  Authors: Garland, Jeffrey
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Administration and Management; Construction; Maintenance and Preservation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 457
  Paper Number: P13-5505
• I-15 CORE Expansion
  Authors: Stewart, Robert
  Authors: Stewart, Robert
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 373
  Paper Number: P13-5534
• How Did We Get Here from There?
  Authors: Rabuck, Francis
  Authors: Rabuck, Francis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 446
  Paper Number: P13-6118
• Networking Grew My Bottom Line
  Authors: Self, Michael
  Authors: Self, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 301
  Paper Number: P13-5996
• Accuracy Versus Precision Versus Cost
  Authors: Tang, Pingbo
  Authors: Tang, Pingbo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Data and Information Technology; Design
  Session: 446
  Paper Number: P13-6119
• Case Studies of Early Contractor Design Involvement to Expedite the Delivery of Emergency Highway Projects
  Authors: Gransberg, Douglas
  Authors: Gransberg, Douglas
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 244
  Paper Number: 13-0403
• Application of Roller-Compacted Concrete for Bike Road Pavement: Mechanical Performance, Durability, and Rideability
  Authors: Park, Cheolwoo
  Authors: Park, Cheolwoo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 237
  Paper Number: 13-1664
• Permanent Deformation of Flexible Pavements: Laboratory and Field Performance Comparisons
  Authors: Kim, Minkyum
  Authors: Kim, Minkyum
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 657
  Paper Number: 13-3715
• Thermal Segregation: Causes and Effects on In-Place Density and Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Mixtures
  Authors: Fernandez Cerdas, Sergio
  Authors: Fernandez Cerdas, Sergio
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 657
  Paper Number: 13-3948
• LAMETRO Project Delivery System Decision Process
  Authors: Murthy, Krishniah
  Authors: Murthy, Krishniah
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 373
  Paper Number: P13-5535
• Toronto Metrolinx Expansion Program
  Authors: Collins, Jack
  Authors: Collins, Jack
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 373
  Paper Number: P13-5537
• Using Digital Design Data to Support Construction Quality Assurance
  Authors: Kahler, Danny
  Authors: Kahler, Danny
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 105
  Paper Number: P13-5551
• Using Building Information Modeling Structural Steel Digital Design Data to Support Construction Survey Across Civil, Mining, Power, Oil, Gas, and Chemical Global Business Units
  Authors: Betit, Joseph
  Authors: Betit, Joseph
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 105
  Paper Number: P13-5552
• Digital Design Data: Contractor's Viewpoint
  Authors: Craven, Jeremy
  Authors: Craven, Jeremy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 105
  Paper Number: P13-5554
• Denver RTD FasTracks Program
  Authors: Clarke, Richard
  Authors: Clarke, Richard
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 373
  Paper Number: P13-5529
• Project Case Studies Involving VDC-CIM for Transportation Construction-Operations-Maintenance
  Authors: Andelin, Eric
  Authors: Andelin, Eric
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Data and Information Technology
  Session: 738
  Paper Number: P13-5675
• Evaluation of Photocatalytic Efficiency of Nano-TIO2-Modified Pavements Integrated Within Concrete Curing Compounds
  Authors: Hassan, Marwa
  Authors: Hassan, Marwa
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Construction; Materials; Pavements
  Session: 799
  Paper Number: P13-5880
• Development of Estimating Tool for Transportation Project Design
  Authors: Williams, Trefor
  Authors: Williams, Trefor
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-2111
• A Project Delivery Selection Matrix for Highway Design and Construction
  Authors: Tran, Daniel
  Authors: Tran, Daniel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-2260
• Identifying High Pile Rebound Soils Using Cone Penetrometer Pore Water Pressure Measurements: Case Studies in Central Florida
  Authors: Cosentino, Paul
  Authors: Cosentino, Paul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 601
  Paper Number: 13-2871
• Does Incentive-Disincentive Contracting Mitigate Work Zone Traffic Impacts?
  Authors: Sun, Carlos
  Authors: Sun, Carlos
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-3169
• After 35 Years, Does It Need to Change? Evaluating Fuel Usage Factor for Structures
  Authors: Casavant, Kenneth
  Authors: Casavant, Kenneth
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-4227
• Investigation of Very Early Opening Strength Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Repair with the Application of Maturity Testing
  Authors: Holesinger, Richard
  Authors: Holesinger, Richard
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 237
  Paper Number: 13-0139
• Mitigating Financing of Major Public Infrastructure Projects: Bidding by Net Present Value
  Authors: Abadi, Djalil
  Authors: Abadi, Djalil
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design
  Session: 244
  Paper Number: 13-0249
• Creep and Repeated Creep-Recovery as Rutting Performance Tests for Airport Hot-Mix Asphalt Mix Design
  Authors: Rushing, John
  Authors: Rushing, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Pavements
  Session: 657
  Paper Number: 13-3708
• State of the Practice: Evaluation of Sediment Basin Design, Construction, Maintenance, and Inspection Procedures
  Authors: Zech, Wesley
  Authors: Zech, Wesley
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 600
  Paper Number: 13-1528
• Low-Cost Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges Using Wireless Sensors
  Authors: Khandani, Mehdi
  Authors: Khandani, Mehdi
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-5784
• Recycled Asphalt Pavement in Hot-Mix Asphalt
  Authors: Mehta, Yusuf
  Authors: Mehta, Yusuf
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-5787
• Assessment of Impact of Future External Factors on Road Revenues
  Authors: Bui, Binh
  Authors: Bui, Binh
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-5794
• Evaluation of Life Expectancy of LED Traffic Signals and Development of a Replacement Schedule
  Authors: Long, Suzanna
  Authors: Long, Suzanna
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-5796
• Otta Seals: Surfacing Solution in Developing Regions
  Authors: Visser, Alex
  Authors: Visser, Alex
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements
  Session: 245
  Paper Number: 13-0809
• Setting Up Otta Seal Trials for the South Pacific Islands
  Authors: Henning, Theuns
  Authors: Henning, Theuns
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Pavements
  Session: 245
  Paper Number: 13-0911
• How Visualization Technology Can Help Improve Transparency of Department of Transportation Design and Construction Projects
  Authors: Schmeits, Cameron
  Authors: Schmeits, Cameron
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-5153
• Identifying High Pile Rebound Soils Using Cone Penetrometer Pore Water Pressure Measurements: Case Studies in Central Florida
  Authors: Jarushi, Fauzi
  Authors: Jarushi, Fauzi
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 601
  Paper Number: 13-2871
• Using Fines Content and Uncorrected Standard Penetration Test Blow Counts of Soils to Predict High Pile Rebound
  Authors: Cosentino, Paul
  Authors: Cosentino, Paul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 601
  Paper Number: 13-2880
• Using Fines Content and Uncorrected Standard Penetration Test Blow Counts of Soils to Predict High Pile Rebound
  Authors: Jarushi, Fauzi
  Authors: Jarushi, Fauzi
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Bridges and Other Structures; Construction; Geotechnology
  Session: 601
  Paper Number: 13-2880
• Is There a Reasonable Basis for Use of Material-Specific Inflation Rates in Highway Construction Life-Cycle Cost Analysis?
  Authors: Brooks, Mike
  Authors: Brooks, Mike
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 238
  Paper Number: 13-4324
• Expert Systems Approach to Highway Construction Scheduling
  Authors: Slattery, Kerry
  Authors: Slattery, Kerry
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-5797
• Recommendations for Meeting the Transportation Needs of Michigan's Aging Population
  Authors: Townley, Michael
  Authors: Townley, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-5802
• Fatigue Failure and Cracking in High Mast Poles
  Authors: Odell, Wade
  Authors: Odell, Wade
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-5804
• Feasibility of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete in New Mexico
  Authors: Daniell, Keli
  Authors: Daniell, Keli
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-6401
• Development of Guidelines for Use of High-Percent RAP in Warm-Mix Asphalt
  Authors: Solaimanian, Mansour
  Authors: Solaimanian, Mansour
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-5789
• Relationship of South Carolina Department of Transportation Damage Claims and Lawsuits to Roadway Engineering Safety Issues
  Authors: Tupper, Lee
  Authors: Tupper, Lee
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-5790
• Mississippi Department of Transportation Implementation Plan for GPS Technology in Planning, Design, and Construction Delivery
  Authors: Sulbaran, Tulio
  Authors: Sulbaran, Tulio
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction; Design; Materials; Pavements; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 247
  Paper Number: P13-5792
• Verification of Performance-Related Specifications for Superpave Pavements
  Authors: Gedafa, Daba
  Authors: Gedafa, Daba
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 235
  Paper Number: 13-0668
• Automation of Asphalt Truck Delivery Ticket Using Barcode Technology
  Authors: Icenogle, Patrick
  Authors: Icenogle, Patrick
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Construction
  Session: 235
  Paper Number: 13-0720