2013 Subject Index: Marine Transportation

• Modelling Human Choice Behaviour in Agent-Based Systems
  Abstract: Over the past decade, agent-based models have become increasingly used in transportation studies. The biggest advantage of the use of agent-based models over other modeling methods is the ability to simulate the interactions between individuals in detail and, hence, to study the emergent effects that may arise from these interactions. Because of the dynamics between individuals, the formalization of behavior in an agent-based system is important. Surprisingly, this is often done in an ad-hoc way, partly due to a lack of agreed-upon frameworks. This contrasts highly with the formalization of human behavior in traditional modeling theories, such as rational choice theory and theories of bounded rationality. Ad-hoc modeling limits the comparability and transparency of agent-based applications and reduces the possibilities to apply frameworks developed for particular purposes in other work. Research in the field of transportation could benefit from a more explicit, systematic and transparent formalization of human behavior in agent-based systems and from a formalization rooted in accepted behavioral theories and frameworks. This paper provides insights into the different approaches to model human behavior, explores their formalization within agent-based systems and reviews relevant applications in agent-based systems in the field of transportation. The ultimate aim is to provide a basis for a more systematic and theoretically-sound approach to model behavior in agent-based systems.
  Authors: Tasseron, Geert; Martens, Karel; van der Heijden, Rob
  Authors: Tasseron, Geert; Martens, Karel; van der Heijden, Rob
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: AW040
  Paper Number: 13-0380
• Exchange Rate Impacts on West Coast Container Port Traffic
  Abstract: Previous studies of the elasticity of West Coast container port traffic to increases in gateway costs have concluded that traffic is highly sensitive to cost increases. However, the major change in West Coast container port market shares has been the upward trend in the market share of the BC Lower Mainland ports (now combined as Port Metro Vancouver) from 9% in 2002 to 11% in 2011. This is difficult to reconcile with a high elasticity since the Canadian dollar increased by 36% against the U.S. dollar over this period, which led to higher port and inland transportation costs relative to US ports for Pacific Rim import traffic. The impact of exchange rate changes is explored through a regression analysis of Canadian Pacific Rim imports and port market shares. The results indicate that while the appreciation of the Canadian dollar had a negative impact on Lower Mainland container traffic, the effect was outweighed by increases in import volumes due to the reduction in the prices of imported goods. Estimates of Canadian Pacific Rim imports transhipped through US ports suggest that the share of US ports in Canadian traffic increased substantially over this period as a result of higher relative inland transportation costs. The paper highlights the influence of the differential impacts of changes in macroeconomic variables on port competitiveness.
  Authors: Davies, Philip
  Authors: Davies, Philip
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-0603
• Dynamics Between Newbuilding Ship Price Volatility and Freight Volatility in Dry Bulk Shipping Market
  Abstract: Dry bulk shipping is a major component of the international trade. As the newbuilding ship prices fluctuate drastically, it is crucial to seek the major determinants that affect the price fluctuation. This paper mainly studies the relationship between newbuilding ship price volatility and freight volatility in the dry bulk shipping market. An abundance of research has been done to verify the time-varying characteristics of newbuilding ship price volatility, however few have focused on the relationship between newbuilding ship price volatility and freight volatility. We have examined the newbuilding ship price volatility against the freight and other variables¡¯ volatility. This paper uses a two-step model. The first step is the measurement of newbuilding price volatility through an ARCH model; the second is the analysis of the relationship between newbuilding price volatility and freight volatility though a GMM regression. The result from the two-step model specification confirms that newbuilding price volatility is time-varying. Furthermore, the results reveal that the freight volatility positively affect the newbuilding price volatility in a slight level. The newbuilding price volatility is mainly affected by secondhand price volatility and exchange volatility. The results of the study contribute in a general sense to understanding the risk involved in newbuilding ship market.
  Authors: Dai, Lei; Hu, Hao; Chen, Fei-er
  Authors: Dai, Lei; Hu, Hao; Chen, Fei-er
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1288
• The Lessons From Catastrophic Events For Post-disaster Humanitarian Logistic Efforts: The Port Au Prince Earthquake And The Tohoku Disasters
  Abstract: The large catastrophic events in Haiti and Japan, which occurred in relatively close succession, provide a unique opportunity to enhance post-disaster humanitarian logistic (PD-HL) strategies to respond to catastrophes, and extract lessons to incorporate in future disaster preparation efforts. This article discusses the lessons learned from the Port au Prince earthquake and the Tohoku disasters in Japan, and produces a set of recommendations based on the combined lessons of the PD-HL operations in Haiti and Japan. The research conducted includes extensive field work and interviews to first responders and authorities in both disasters. This paper contains important lessons from field experience on the disaster response and insights into policy recommendations for disaster preparation and training.
  Authors: Holguín-Veras, Jose; Jaller, Miguel Angel; Taniguchi, Eiichi; Aros-Vera, Felipe
  Authors: Holguín-Veras, Jose; Jaller, Miguel Angel; Taniguchi, Eiichi; Aros-Vera, Felipe
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: AT065T
  Paper Number: 13-1771
• Risk Perception and Communication at Maritime Transportation to and from Japan after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster
  Abstract: This paper reports the contamination-related impact of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster on seaport activities and international maritime transportation. It then analyzes the risk perception and risk communication after the disaster. First, the maritime-related newspaper articles published in Japan after the disaster were extensively reviewed. Next, 11 maritime-related actors, including port managers, governments, shipping companies, port operators, and shippers, were interviewed. The interviews were conducted from June to December, 2011. The results of these interviews revealed that the contamination-related impact of the power plant disaster included impacts on 42 skipping ports of container vessels operated by non-Japanese shipping companies in Keihin Ports, on radiation measurements of Japanese cargo at foreign ports, and on actions taken by the Japanese government and port managers. Then, the events observed after the disaster are explained along with the framework of social amplification of risk communication. They suggest that the risk communication made by maritime stakeholders successfully reduced the amplification of risk among stakeholders at the various levels of information sources, information channels, and stations. Finally, the lessons from the study are summarized, including the identification of factors influencing the amplification of risk, quick responses and appropriate countermeasures by authorities and port managers, and the introduction of systematic radiation measurement under the international agreement.
  Authors: Wang, Xiaoyi; Kato, Hironori; Shibasaki, Ryuichi
  Authors: Wang, Xiaoyi; Kato, Hironori; Shibasaki, Ryuichi
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1574
• Measuring the Direct Economic Effects of Reduced Depth from a Lack of Maintenance Dredging of Ship Channels
  Abstract: Because of the Panama Canal expansion project, the need for deeper ship channels is constantly in the headlines. However, there is strong underlying concern about the lack of maintenance of ship channels to their authorized dimensions due to a lack of funding for the Corps of Engineers. As part of its project evaluation and prioritization process, the Corps evaluates alternatives to deepen or widen ship channels, but it does not look at the reverse—the effects of shallower and narrower channels. This paper looks at the current and potential effects of a reduction in channel depth resulting from a lack of maintenance dredging in Houston and Corpus Christi, Texas, and suggests a methodology for analyzing the direct effects of a lack of dredging. The analysis considered both current conditions and the potential effect of the loss of another 1 to 2 feet of depth. A variety of data sources was used, including Lloyd’s Register, pilot information, port logs, PIERS, Coast Guard databases, and market value information. Through interviews and data analysis several effects were identified: light loading; partial discharge at an intermediate deeper draft terminal before proceeding to the destination shallower draft terminal; maneuvering stern first because of the inaccessibility of the turning basin; and daylight restrictions. The magnitude of the effects of light loading depended on the type of shipper (broker/trader or producer/consumer of the cargo).
  Authors: Kruse, Carl James; Protopapas, Annie
  Authors: Kruse, Carl James; Protopapas, Annie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2214
• Global Intermodal Liner Shipping Network Design
  Abstract: This paper presents a holistic analysis and useful software for the network design problem of the intermodal liner shipping system. The existing methods for liner shipping network design mainly deal with port-to-port demand. However, a large proportion of the customers of liner shipping companies are located inland. Thus, it is necessary to cope with inland origin-destination (OD) pairs involving a change in transport mode from inland transportation to maritime shipping. This paper first proposes a solution method for the conversion of inland OD demand to port-to-port demand. Then, it presents a framework for global intermodal liner shipping network design. By virtue of the software tool designed, the proposed methodology is applied to a large-scale global shipping network example.
  Authors: Liu, Zhiyuan; Meng, Qiang; Wang, Shuaian
  Authors: Liu, Zhiyuan; Meng, Qiang; Wang, Shuaian
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2480
• Container Relocation of Import Containers in Terminal Storage Yard Under Uncertain Pickup Sequences
  Abstract: The relocation of import containers is a key problem to reduce the reshuffle ratio and handling cost in container yard. Considering the condition of dynamic uncertain container picking-up time and orders, an uncertain picking-up sequence model was proposed based on the stochastic event probabilities. The Relocation mechanism of import containers was analyzed under the uncertain picking-up sequences. A reshuffle estimate model was suggested and the related heuristic algorithm was designed based on least-reshuffle-estimate rule. The simulation experiments reveal that the proposed method could utilize the uncertain information of picking-up sequence and improve relocation performance and the algorithm could get the satisfied solution in reasonable time.
  Authors: Zhou, Pengfei; Li, Pi'an
  Authors: Zhou, Pengfei; Li, Pi'an
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2821
• Wholesale Hub Locations in Food Supply Chain Systems
  Abstract: This paper addresses the wholesale hub location problem in food supply chain systems. It aims at designing an optimal hub location network to serve food consumption markets through efficient connections with production sites. These optimal locations can be compared with the actual current locations of hubs to determine whether changes could lead to greater efficiencies. The model is mathematically formulated as a mixed integer programming problem. The model minimizes total network costs which include transporting goods and building hubs. The mathematical program considers several constraints on travel distance, hub capital cost and capacity, road condition, and transportation cost. Several experiments are conducted to test the sensitivity of the model to changes in parameters such as the food average travel distance, maximum hub capacity, transportation cost, etc. Then, a real-world application is made to the North-East U.S. region livestock industry. Finally, the results show the effect of the model parameter changes on optimal hub network design (i.e., number of hubs and selection of hub locations).
  Authors: Etemadnia, Hamideh; Hassan, Ahmed; Goetz, Stephan; Abdelghany, Khaled F.
  Authors: Etemadnia, Hamideh; Hassan, Ahmed; Goetz, Stephan; Abdelghany, Khaled F.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation
  Session: 265
  Paper Number: 13-2886
• Marine Highway Stakeholders and Their Relations
  Abstract: This work considers the US Marine Highway operators and their Stakeholders as a market place for trading resources to create value. Resources are defined herein as anything desired by one stakeholder that can be traded in some relevant sense with another stakeholder in control of the resource(s) desired. The influence exerted by a Stakeholder group is considered as a proxy for the value/criticality of the resource held by the Stakeholder group. A survey of the Stakeholders reveals peers as the most dominant influence among Shippers, Environmental Advocates, Regulators and Transportation Providers. Only Suppliers exhibit a distinct dominance of the influence of their customers over that of their peers. A Stakeholder map shows how the various Stakeholder groups influence each other. This snapshot of Stakeholder relationships is a powerful tool for both businesses as well as Regulators in their pursuit of achieving their objectives in a network centric environment. Generally, this contributes to understanding the underlying dynamics of a changing value-advantage in the current and coming decades of shipping.
  Authors: Mokashi, Amit Jayant; Corbett, James J.
  Authors: Mokashi, Amit Jayant; Corbett, James J.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-2273
• Evaluation of Gate Strategies at Marine Container Terminals
  Abstract: Intermodal marine container terminals are experiencing growth in volumes and are under pressure to develop strategies to accommodate increasing demand. One of the major factors contributing to the problem is inefficient gate operations that can cause serious safety, congestion, and environmental problems. There is a plethora of ongoing discussions concerning the implementation of different operational strategies that may reduce the effect of these externalities. This research presents the development of a traffic simulation model capable of measuring the impact of various gate strategies on congestion at terminal gates and on the environment.
  Authors: Karafa, Jeffery; Golias, Mihalis M.; Boile, Maria; Theofanis, Sotiris
  Authors: Karafa, Jeffery; Golias, Mihalis M.; Boile, Maria; Theofanis, Sotiris
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-2961
• Facilitating Fuzzy Rule-Based Evidential Reasoning in the Navigational Risk Assessment of Inland Waterway Transportation System
  Abstract: A novel approach incorporating a fuzzy rule base technique and an Evidential Reasoning (ER) algorithm is developed to conduct the navigational risk assessment of an Inland Waterway Transportation System (IWTS). A hierarchical structure for modeling IWTS hazards (hazard identification model) is constructed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The quantitative criteria are converted to qualitative ones by applying a fuzzy rule based quantitative data transformation technique, which enables the use of ER to synthesize the risk estimates from the bottom to the top along the hierarchy. Intelligent Decision System (IDS) software is used for facilitating risk synthesis and estimation. The proposed method is applied in a case study to compare the navigational safety levels of three different regions in Yangtze River.
  Authors: Zhang, Di; Yan, Xinping; Zhang, Jinfen; Yang, Zaili; Wang, Jin
  Authors: Zhang, Di; Yan, Xinping; Zhang, Jinfen; Yang, Zaili; Wang, Jin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 345
  Paper Number: 13-3876
• Targeting Inland Port Sustainability
  Abstract: This paper serves as a literature review and assessment of port sustainability and its potential applications for the inland river ports of Kentucky and the surrounding region. The paper discusses and defines sustainability, both generally as it relates to business and industry and specifically as it relates to the port industry and the inland port industry. Given the unique nature of the inland port industry, this review finds that the most effective methods of pursuing port sustainability have been those that employ strategies of sustainable supply chain management. To help illustrate this conclusion, the paper reviews the sustainability challenges facing various domestic and international ports, as well as some of the policy initiatives undertaken to meet these challenges. Finally, it proposes a research model for examining Kentucky port sustainability that centers on taking the lessons learned from major coastal ports and applying them to the inland port industry. The preliminary results indicate that ports along the region’s inland waterways would have little difficulty adopting the sustainability practices of coastal ports so long as they focus on two types of initiatives. The first being the adoption of simple business general sustainability practices and the second being the enticing of port tenants, operators, and customers to become more sustainable. Alternatively, the more large scale “in house” sustainability initiatives undertaken at coastal ports are likely an over reaching for inland ports at this time.
  Authors: Stevens, Lewis Shane; Kreis, Doug; McCormack, Sarah
  Authors: Stevens, Lewis Shane; Kreis, Doug; McCormack, Sarah
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation
  Session: AW020
  Paper Number: 13-4070
• Scheduling Container Vessels Under Handling and Arrival Time Uncertainty
  Abstract: We present a mathematical model and a solution approach for the discrete berth scheduling problem where vessel arrival and handling times are not known in advance with certainty. The problem is formulated as a bi-objective optimization problem that contains two optimization problems in the definition of each objective function. To solve the problem we reformulate it as a bi-objective bi-level optimization problem and propose a metaheuristic as the solution algorithm. The objective of the formulation is to provide a robust berth schedule by minimizing the average and range of the total service times for all vessels served at the terminal. Simulation is utilized to evaluate the proposed berth scheduling policy and compare it to two first-come-first-served policies usually adopted for scheduling under uncertainty.
  Authors: Portal, Isabel Maria; Kaisar, Evangelos I.; Golias, Mihalis M.; Ivey, Stephanie
  Authors: Portal, Isabel Maria; Kaisar, Evangelos I.; Golias, Mihalis M.; Ivey, Stephanie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4098
• Structured Analysis / Predictive Model for Inland Waterway Systems
  Abstract: The inland waterway system serves as a vital conduit for the movement of goods throughout our nation. In fact, it provides the primary means to ship large commodity flows, including agricultural goods and bulk commodities such as coal and gravel. However, the inland waterway system faces multiple challenges in its bid to efficiently move freight cargo going forward. For instance, the locks and dams within this system are increasingly coming under duress with many having outlived their design life. This has led to increased service outages and delays for commercial vessels traversing them. Furthermore, severe weather conditions ranging from major flooding to severe droughts have in recent years negatively impacted the flow of vessel traffic on the river by reducing the frequency and quantity of shipments. This study will seek to assess the impacts of those conditions, among others, on the inland waterway system and how they play a role in determining system capacity. The capacity of the inland waterway system is its ability to accommodate vessel traffic and is a measure which will be more fully defined during the course of this study. Furthermore, a model will be developed, incorporating regression analysis, identifying those variables which most affect system capacity. This model will be able to process “what-if” scenarios and determine how system capacity is affected when variables deviate from a baseline. Finally, this model will provide policy makers and decision authorities with scenario-driven analysis options to assist them in their investment prioritization decisions.
  Authors: Howell, Brian Kirtley; Kreis, Doug; Van Dyke, Chris; McCormack, Sarah
  Authors: Howell, Brian Kirtley; Kreis, Doug; Van Dyke, Chris; McCormack, Sarah
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation
  Session: AW020
  Paper Number: 13-4140
• Estimating U.S. Container Port Capacity And Utilization
  Abstract: ESTIMATING U.S. CONTAINER PORT CAPACITY AND UTILIZATIONThe authors estimated container terminal capacity and utilization at major U.S. ports using publicly available data. Container port capacity is the single most critical factor in the nation’s ability to participate in containerized trade and accommodate growth.Multiple metrics were used to assess five aspects of terminal capacity: berth length, berth depth (draft), container yard area, container yard stacking height (density), and working hours. The authors also analyzed the capacity and utilization of vessels serving the ports. These metrics offer more insight into capacity and utilization than simple measures such as annual TEU per acre. Moreover, the use of multiple metrics highlights differences in the design and operation of major U.S. container terminals and ports.The analysis indicates that U.S. ports have substantial reserve capacity inherent in their terminal infrastructure. In many cases, 2010 utilization of terminal assets such as container yard storage space was less than 50% of their estimated capacity. Ports can accommodate near-term cargo growth through more intensive use of existing terminals, cranes, and berths. Individual ports and terminals still face specific near-term constraints, including berth length and draft. Aggregate reserve capacity does not preclude shortfalls at ports that receive more than their share of growth or fail to accommodate annual peaking. The long lead times for terminal development and dredging will force ports to add capacity in advance of demand, despite low current capacity utilization.
  Authors: Smith, Daniel S.
  Authors: Smith, Daniel S.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: AW010
  Paper Number: 13-4146
• AIS Data-based Vessel Speed, Course and Path Analysis in the Botlek Area in the Port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands
  Abstract: Due to the fast development of vessel traffic in ports and waterways nowadays, a lot of attention has been paid to maritime traffic safety and port capacity. Many simulation models have been used to predict traffic safety and port capacity in ports and waterways. However, maritime traffic models only consider few aspects, as the influences of human behavior and external factors have not been included regarding maritime traffic safety. To investigate the vessel behavior and external influencing factors, an analysis has been performed based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data under various external conditions.The study area includes a junction and a slight bend with high maritime traffic density within the port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Vessels are classified in different categories based on their type and gross tonnage. Equidistant cross-sections approximately perpendicular to the navigation direction are used for investigation of vessel behavior, including speed, course and path for each vessel category. The influences of external factors (wind and visibility) on vessel behavior are identified by comparing with unhindered vessel behavior. In the analysis, specific thresholds are set to select external conditions and eliminate the influence of encounters. The analysis of unhindered vessel behavior for each vessel category provides insight into vessel behavior. The results revealed that the wind has influence on vessel path and the visibility affect the vessel speed and path. Analysis results can be used as input for the development of new maritime traffic model, as well as for its verification and validation.
  Authors: Shu, Yaqing; Daamen, Winnie; Ligteringen, Han; Hoogendoorn, Serge
  Authors: Shu, Yaqing; Daamen, Winnie; Ligteringen, Han; Hoogendoorn, Serge
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 345
  Paper Number: 13-3742
• Generation of Inland Waterway Trip Information Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data
  Abstract: This research paper documents the analysis of archived AIS data in the Paducah, KY region to produce reliable inland waterway vessel trip data. There are currently few options when seeking such trip data, owing to confidentiality concerns; this absence impacts the quality of risk calculations. The combination of geographic information systems (GIS), relational databases, custom programming and data visualization tools are applied to extract meaningful vessel traffic information and detect events occurring within ports and waterways. The geographic configuration of the Paducah port area added a degree of difficulty to the generation of trip data. However, this was overcome by categorizing all trips into general river movements and calculating the total number of towboat trips transiting the area in through river movements or engaged in fleeting, docking or lockage operations. The AIS data was discovered to be of high quality, and capable of supporting a number of analyses. These include waterway and port congestion, hotspot identification, accident reconstruction (and near-miss investigation), and the impact of extreme weather on areal port and waterway traffic.
  Authors: Dobbins, James P; Langsdon, Lindsey C
  Authors: Dobbins, James P; Langsdon, Lindsey C
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 345
  Paper Number: 13-4218
• Budget Allocation for Dredging Project Selection to Maximize Waterway System Capacity Improvement
  Abstract: This paper concerns budget allocation to dredging projects at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Among a large number of projects requested, only a subset may be selected for funding. The benefit of one dredging project depends on other projects in order to maintain the system carrying capacity; thereby selecting a number of ports among all potentials should be considered as an interdependent problem. This paper proposes integer programming models and solution algorithms to select dredging projects to fund. The models consider the waterway network topology to improve the overall system capacity. The solution algorithms ensure efficient computational performance and quality of solutions. The models and algorithms are tested with the Great Lakes region and inland waterways data and are shown to significantly improve on the current practices, especially when the budget becomes tight.
  Authors: Mitchell, Kenneth Ned; Wang, Bruce; Khodakarami, Mohammadadel
  Authors: Mitchell, Kenneth Ned; Wang, Bruce; Khodakarami, Mohammadadel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster; MAP-21
  Session: 264
  Paper Number: 13-3993
• Optimization of Quay Crane Scheduling Constrained by Stability of Vessels
  Abstract: Quay crane is a crucial resource constraint for scheduling loading/unloading tasks in a container terminal, while the stability of vessels should also be carefully considered in order to produce a feasible schedule. Unfortunately, the latter constraint is inadequately abstracted in the many previous studies of schedule optimization of quay cranes, sometimes leading to infeasible schedules. Therefore, a mixed integer linear programming model is developed with the incorporation of stability of vessels. In addition, steady-state genetic algorithm is designed for solving the schedule optimization problem. The results of virtual cases indicate that the proposed optimization tool can concurrently resolve both quay crane and vessel stability for producing a more feasible schedule. The stability constraint could also enhance the average performance of the Steady-state GA.
  Authors: Wang, Junjia; Hu, Hao; Song, Yuanbin
  Authors: Wang, Junjia; Hu, Hao; Song, Yuanbin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4016
• Analysis and Modeling of Freight Demand at Mumbai Port Using Regression and Time Series Techniques
  Abstract: Prediction of future freight demand for multi-modal transportation is one of the critical issues in seaport planning and development. Developing country like India is experiencing freight growth at about 10% per annum in the current scenario. The thirteen major ports and 200 non major ports handle respectively 75% and 25% of the total freight throughput of seaports. Among the thirteen major ports, Mumbai Port ranked at number 3 in the current year handles about 11% of the total freight traffic at major seaports in India. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze and model the freight flow data for Mumbai Port using regression analysis and time series techniques. The annual data series recorded for the last 112 years at Mumbai Port are used for this study. Using regression technique, several econometric models are developed and it is found that both multiple linear and single variable nonlinear models are suitable for estimating the inbound freight traffic. However, nonlinear model, power regression model is found to be appropriate for predicting outbound freight traffic. ARIMA (0, 1, 0) and ARIMA (1, 1, 2) are found suitable for inbound and outbound freight flow prediction. The economic indicator variables data are obtained from the data base of Center for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). The study may benefit port planning agencies for port infrastructure planning and development.
  Authors: Sahu, Prasanta; Patil, Gopal R.
  Authors: Sahu, Prasanta; Patil, Gopal R.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4426
• Assessing Relationship Between Transport Infrastructure and Agriculture Productivity in European Countries: Application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index
  Abstract: The government spendings in transport infrastructure has increased tremendously in recent years, but the extent to which this investment is affecting the local agriculture and industry is still not thoroughly investigated. This paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis to calculate the efficiency and Malmquist Index to calculate productivity of agriculture sector of European countries and assesses the impact of investment on transport infrastructure on efficiency and productivity. European countries are commonly divided into western European and central and east European countries. This paper analyzes the response of agriculture sector towards the investment in transport infrastructure in these two different groups of countries. Furthermore, investment in transport infrastructure has been sub-divided into investment in air, rail and road network, in order to establish the relative importance of different transportation modes for agriculture sector. The time span of study is 2001 to 2008 and 21 European countries are included in the study. .
  Authors: Chaudhry, Muhammad Omer; Braathen, Svein; Odeck, James
  Authors: Chaudhry, Muhammad Omer; Braathen, Svein; Odeck, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation
  Session: 265
  Paper Number: 13-4685
• Solving the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem with Time Windows
  Abstract: One of the most important operations in marine container terminals is quay crane scheduling. The quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP) involves scheduling groups of containers to be loaded and unloaded by each quay crane. It also requires addressing practical issues such as safety requirements (i.e. minimum spacing between quay cranes) and precedence relationships between the container groups. This study addresses the QCSP with one additional consideration: time availability of quay cranes. This problem is referred to as the QCSP with time windows (QCSPTW) in the literature. This paper discusses the genetic algorithm (GA) developed to solve the QCSPTW. It builds on a previously developed GA to solve the QCSP by the authors. The results of a large set of numerical experiments using benchmark instances highlight several key characteristics of the proposed solution approach: (1) the solutions for medium and large size instances are obtained in a shorter time than previous approaches reported in the literature, (2) the quality of the solutions are better for instances with less fragmented time patterns, and (3) the solutions yield smaller objective function values for some of the small and medium size instances.
  Authors: Kaveshgar, Narges; Huynh, Nathan N.
  Authors: Kaveshgar, Narges; Huynh, Nathan N.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4845
• Efficiency, Security, Sustainability: A Proposed Inland Waterway Management System
  Abstract: This concept paper will introduce a project for the more efficient management of the United States inland waterway transportation sector. Given the manifold ways that the supply chain landscape in changing in response to broader economic pressures, this paper proposes a national system for rationalizing inland maritime transportation through the deployment of advanced technological systems to coordinate between stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a five-phase plan to develop an Inland Waterway Supply Chain Management System that would allow government agencies, shippers, ports, AND lock-and-dam operators, access to timely information. This coordination would lead to improved efficiencies throughout the supply chain, and deliver economic, environmental, and safety benefits that extend far beyond the maritime transportation sector. This proposal is advanced through an exploration of the waterway system characteristics of a pilot area stretching from Cairo, IL, to Cincinnati, OH. The proposed project detailed in the paper could rectify a number of ongoing issues that prevent more high value good and commodities from being shipped on the inland waterway system, takes into account specific changes to the US shipping industry, and offers assessment criteria for phased implementation.
  Authors: Bigger, Patrick McGregor; Kreis, Doug; McCormack, Sarah
  Authors: Bigger, Patrick McGregor; Kreis, Doug; McCormack, Sarah
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation
  Session: AW020
  Paper Number: 13-5144
• Cruise Line Revenue Management at Disney World
  Abstract: Cruise line revenue management concerns the operation of cruise lines, where the market demand is typically differentiated according to view requirements, bedding requirements, room locations and amenities. The essence of cruise line revenue management is to allocate adequate capacity among the categories of demand in order to maximize the revenue potential. There are multiple side constraints, including law enforcements such as capacity limit of life boats and child counselors, as well as business rule such as price dilution. The model we developed in this paper also considers potential expenses onboard by different demand. Numerical test is conducted based on production data. The result indicates that the solutions obtained through our model is valid and shows a significant annual revenue increase as compared with current practice.
  Authors: Li, Yihua; Miao, Qing; Wang, Bruce
  Authors: Li, Yihua; Miao, Qing; Wang, Bruce
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-5116
• Analytical Model to Estimate Lock Capacity of a Waterway Lock
  Abstract: With the rapidly increasing traffic demand, many of locks which had promoted to develop inland waterborne transport in past decades become the major bottlenecks in the waterway system. China has promoted those locks by adding the third (even fourth) chamber in parallel to existing ones, aiming to expand the lock capacity as well as to reduce the delay. For those locks¡¯ performance, although much attention has been paid to delays with simulation models, an analytical model is also necessary to estimate the lock capacity reasonably if there is no history data to work with a simulation approach. In this paper, an improved analytical model is developed for a waterway lock based on the relationship between the area and tonnage (RAT) of inland freight vessels and the percent of available chamber (PAC). According to the observed data on the Yangtze River and Grand Canal, China, the RAT of freight vessel was analyzed using linear regression and quadratic polynomial regression, and the PAC ranges from 0.5 to 0.7. The validation shows the analytical model is reasonable. The model can estimate the lock capacity continuously with the parameters instead of the lockage arranging discretely at different level of traffic. It is useful to analyze the effect of the vessels¡¯ large and uniform trend on the lock capacity efficiently and reasonably.
  Authors: Liao, Peng
  Authors: Liao, Peng
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 345
  Paper Number: 13-0840
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Probability Analysis of Damage to Offshore Pipeline by Ship Factors
  Abstract: The transport of hydrocarbons by offshore pipeline is threatened by the rapid expansion of pipe networks and the increasing frequency of maritime activities. Risk management is thus necessary to manage and prevent ship-related hazardous events that may damage offshore pipelines. Probability analysis is the key to assessing the risk associated with ship operations on offshore pipelines, and decision making in managing that risk. Bayesian Network (BN) models are proposed in this paper to determine the probability of anchor damage and trawling damage to subsea pipelines. The BN models are developed by integrating directed acyclic graphs, and three computational methods (Boolean operation, standard and historical statistical analysis, and fuzzy set theory) to elicit marginal probability tables and conditional probability tables. A case study illustrates the utilization of two BN-related functions ¨C probability prediction and probability updating ¨C to determine final probabilities of damage to a subsea pipeline. The results of the analysis support risk ranking and risk reducing decisions associated with maritime operations in the area of offshore pipelines.
  Authors: Liu, Yutao; Hu, Hao; Zhang, Di
  Authors: Liu, Yutao; Hu, Hao; Zhang, Di
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Pipelines; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 637
  Paper Number: 13-0923
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Measuring a Port’s Performance Using Economic Value of Commodities
  Abstract: The marine transportation system plays a significant role in the United States and other countries’ economies. Ports play a vital role in this system by serving as gateways to economic activities. Depending on their cargo, some ports are considered as primarily container ports, bulk cargo ports, or a combination of cargoes. In the US all of these types of ports compete for federal, state, local and private resources. The heterogeneity of cargo, however, makes port performance comparison difficult. Conventionally, tonnage or tons per mile statistics are used in port evaluations. These indicators, however, do not reflect the monetary value ports helps create or the economic significance of their service. To capture the heterogeneity of cargo and the economic role of ports, we propose using the value of commodities as a port performance measure. In fact, container ports already collect this data, but bulk ports typically do not. In this paper we use the Port of Duluth-Superior as a case study and illustrate that a bulk port’s cargo value can be assessed as well. Further, we propose estimating the total real value of a port’s cargo, as opposed to nominal value. We also estimate the average real dollar value per ton moved, which ports can use for value of service pricing. Both indicators, the total real value of cargo and the average real value per ton, can be used for relative ports performance comparisons. To assess a given port’s performance over time, we developed a third indicator - the real value index of a port. The proposed port performance measures are constructed on an annual basis, are port-specific and use publicly available data. The methodology used in the project can be potentially replicated for all US ports.
  Authors: Simkins, Zamira; Stewart, Richard D.
  Authors: Simkins, Zamira; Stewart, Richard D.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1395
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Global Emissions of Marine Black Carbon: Critical Review and Revised Assessment
  Abstract: Black carbon (BC) emissions from international shipping are significant and contribute to global and regional climate change, particularly in the Arctic. This paper reviews global estimates of international marine BC emissions, identifies differences in inventory methods, and proposes an approach for improving upon existing estimates. A critical review of the literature reveals that more refined, specific marine vessel BC emission factors (EFBC) are not generally accounted for in most global inventories. We find that EFBC are the single most important source of differences in inventories due to poor sensitivity to ship engine type, fuel quality, and engine load, and we propose a weighting framework that better encapsulates such effects. Using fuel consumption estimates from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) 2009 GHG report and updated EFBC, we estimate that shipping was responsible for about 184 thousand tonnes of BC in 2007. This estimate is 42 percent higher than the current IMO estimate, but comparable to recent studies informed by measured EFBC. We estimate that shipping contributed about 2,300 tonnes of BC in the Arctic in 2004, which is 90% higher than prevailing estimates. Our findings suggest that the international marine BC contribution is widely underestimated, and that improvements to major BC inventories can be made to reflect state-of-the-art data on marine EFBC.
  Authors: Wang, Haifeng; Minjares, Ray
  Authors: Wang, Haifeng; Minjares, Ray
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-1503
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Spatial Analysis of Maritime Accidents Using Geographic Information System
  Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the spatial distribution of maritime accidents occurring from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2011 based on the Marine Casualties and Incidents module in Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS). Geographic Information System (GIS), an effective and unique tool for spatial analysis with high visualization, is used to carry out the analysis. GIS makes it very convenient and easy to calculate the accidents happened in coastal areas by using the ¡°Selecting by location¡± function. Finally, the following two important results are reached. Firstly, hot spots are found. The area around the UK is the most dangerous, and coastal area of Eastern Asian countries, such as China, Japan, and Korea, and the Mediterranean Sea are the other two high risk areas. A comparison with a previous research is implemented to verify the result. It indicates that the results are more or less the same. Secondly, maritime accidents may not frequently happen in the open seas. However, there exists high probability for them to happen at coastal areas. 82.14% of the total accidents happened within 1 mile off the coastline and 90.04% within 2 miles.
  Authors: Huang, Dao-zheng; Hu, Hao; Li, Yi-zhou
  Authors: Huang, Dao-zheng; Hu, Hao; Li, Yi-zhou
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Pipelines; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 637
  Paper Number: 13-1649
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Systematic Network Design for Liner Shipping Services
  Abstract: This paper addresses a systematic design of liner shipping network. Many practical features in real-world operations are considered, which include multi-type containers, container transshipment operations, empty container repositioning, origin-to-destination transit time constraint, consistent services with the current network, and joint services with other liner shipping companies. Given a set of candidate ship routes, some of these routes must be used while the others are optional for use. Hence, a mixed-integer linear programming model is first proposed for the selection of the optional ship routes. Solving this model also gives the laden and empty container flow on the selected ship routes. Based on the results of this model, some techniques are proposed to refine the ship routes, by changing existing ship routes, designing new ship routes, and removing some ship routes. Finally, a large scale numerical test is performed, based on the global shipping network of a liner shipping company, consisting of 166 ports.
  Authors: Wang, Shuaian; Liu, Zhiyuan; Meng, Qiang
  Authors: Wang, Shuaian; Liu, Zhiyuan; Meng, Qiang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1886
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Modeling Human Behavior in Vessel Maneuver Simulation by Optimal Control and Game Theory
  Abstract: This paper presents an innovative way to model the decision making process of the bridge team of a ship. The model aims to provide methods to include human decision making in comprehensive simulation models that will be able to describe the movement of vessels including hydrodynamic effects, external effects due to wind, current and waves, waterway geometry and the interaction with other vessels. In the paper, we use a simple model to describe the vessels dynamics and the impact of the control decisions on these dynamics, although generalization to more comprehensive maneuver models are straightforward. Based on a set of behavioral assumptions, the mathematical modeling framework is presented. The model is described as a differential game, where the bridge team is assumed to react on the expected behavior of other vessels. Different behavioral strategies (risk prone, risk average, risk neutral), lead to different models, which are described in the paper. By means of some simple examples, the workings of the model is illustrated. The results are plausible and clearly show the potential of the approach. The paper ends with some directions for future development.
  Authors: Hoogendoorn, Serge; Daamen, Winnie; Shu, Yaqing; Ligteringen, Han
  Authors: Hoogendoorn, Serge; Daamen, Winnie; Shu, Yaqing; Ligteringen, Han
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Pipelines; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 637
  Paper Number: 13-1896
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Marine Highway Transport of Toxic Inhalation Hazard Materials
  Abstract: This paper presents highlights of research conducted under Phase 2 of NCFRP 17 North American Marine Highways in order to investigate the possibility of transporting greater volumes of chlorine and anhydrous ammonia via the marine highway system. Currently, there is no coastwise and limited inland waterway activity related to either. The researchers identified the major obstacles to development and expansion and corresponding potential courses of action. Geographical dispersion of producers and consumers works against greater waterborne volumes. Both chemicals are characterized by mature, low-growth markets. Expansion of marine services will require significant capital costs and time to set up new terminals. There is great concern over the condition of the current system of locks and dams. Marine carriers, absent any action by the federal government, face the same economic ramifications from risk of catastrophic accidents faced by rail carriers, necessitating the establishment of a new risk paradigm. The federal government could provide initial funds and expedite the permitting process to allow new marine highway ventures to develop more rapidly. It could also identify and assist potential new import points for both chemicals into the U.S. Finally, the federal government must indicate its commitment to maintain the current inland waterway system. However, there are no measures that can overcome the geographical dispersion of producers and users, the lack of density in any given corridor, and the fact that the markets are mature. Therefore, significant expansion of TIH materials transportation via marine highways is not anticipated.
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie; Kruse, Carl James; Olson, Leslie; Hutson, Nathan; Donelan, Mike
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie; Kruse, Carl James; Olson, Leslie; Hutson, Nathan; Donelan, Mike
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-2205
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Modal Comparison of Domestic Freight Transportation Effects on the General Public
  Abstract: This study used data from 2001-2009 to update the 2009 modal comparison study conducted by the Texas Transportation Institute, which used data from 2001-2005. The objective was to develop performance measures in terms of rates per ton-mile in order to facilitate multimodal comparisons between inland towing, rail, and truck in six topical areas: cargo capacity, traffic congestion, energy efficiency, air quality, safety, and infrastructure. This study considered a snapshot in time in order to focus on several vital issues. Every effort was made to use credible, publicly available, and independently verifiable data from federal, industry or academic sources. The scope of the study and several data limitations necessitated the use of assumptions based on sound engineering principles and the development of innovative methods in order to arrive at plausible results and fulfill the study’s unconventional objectives. The study concluded that waterborne transportation continues to compare favorably to the rail and highway modes in terms of the performance measures examined. Any waterborne freight diversion to either of the two modes would likely result in serious negative effects on their freight transportation operations and possible system breakdowns. Chain reaction effects would severely jeopardize the well-being of the general public and the national economy.
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie; Kruse, Carl James; Olson, Leslie
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie; Kruse, Carl James; Olson, Leslie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 345
  Paper Number: 13-2200
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Abating CO2 and SOx Emissions from Container Shipping: the Articulation Between Deep Sea Shipping and Feedering in Sulfur Emission Control Areas
  Abstract: This paper deals with the impacts on the container shipping markets of two future environmental policies aimed at reducing ship-based emissions: the low-sulfur fuel requirements from MARPOL in Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECA) and a European market-based instrument on CO2 emissions. Two regulatory scenarios are defined as well as a cost model for liner services. The paper assesses the cost implications as of 2018 of sulfur and CO2 policies for a typical North Europe-Asia service, and two feeder lines in North Europe, articulated with this transcontinental service through transshipments. The results are examined through a comparative evaluation of the impacts of these policies on deep sea shipping and feedering, depending on the options of compliance to the low-sulfur fuel requirements. A discussion on the possible strategies of reorganization of the container maritime networks to deal with these environmental extra costs leads to the conclusion that avoiding SECAs and CO2 scope for transcontinental routes and extending the feeder route to capitalize on the savings from scrubbing in SECAs might rarely prove cost-effective.
  Authors: Doudnikoff, Marjorie; Lacoste, Romuald
  Authors: Doudnikoff, Marjorie; Lacoste, Romuald
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-2435
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• An Analysis of Factors Contributing as Selection Criteria for Users of European Container Terminals
  Abstract: This paper examines the selection criteria for container shipping lines when choosing European container terminals. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors that are crucial for shipping lines when choosing European container terminals. Data has been collected via a questionnaire given to shipping lines calling at the Port of Rotterdam, the Port of Antwerp, and the Port of Hamburg, which are the main container hubs in Europe (measured by the number of TEUs handled annually). Descriptive statistics reveal that loading/discharging rate, handling charges, and service quality are the main attributes that influence port selection. The least important selection factors are personal contacts, investments by shipping lines, and value-added activities. The analysis also shows that hinterland connections are more important than value-added activities. This suggests that ports should focus more on developing good hinterland connections than on providing value-added activities. Factor analysis of the aggregate data is used to determine whether the 13 attributes could be partitioned into fewer, more meaningful factors. According to the results, 12 variables are loaded into two factors, which also seem to contain distinct elements: Factor 1 contains “Ports attributes” and Factor 2 contains the variables related to “Formal and informal relationships between ports and shipping lines.” This study will be useful for port authorities and terminal operators wishing to improve the efficiency and productivity of their port according to the requirements of their customers (that is, shipping lines).
  Authors: Saeed, Naima; Aaby, Bernt Christoffer
  Authors: Saeed, Naima; Aaby, Bernt Christoffer
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: AW010
  Paper Number: 13-2561
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Analysis and Simulation of Istanbul Strait Marine Traffic Management Strategies
  Abstract: Istanbul Strait is one of the most crowded, narrowest straits in the world. More than fifty thousand ships per year (more than one ship in ten minutes in average) pass through the Istanbul Strait. It is also assumed to be the most dangerous strait in the world due to its narrowness and nature of the sea flows in the straits. Even though the number of accidents has decreased in recent years, the risk is still high. Management of Istanbul Strait is indeed a difficult job required to control many parameters. For example, opening the strait for one or two way traffic, applying different queuing strategies, or scheduling of limited number of maritime pilots affect the strait traffic. In order to see the effect of changes in management related strategies, it may not be very practical to really apply the changes in the traffic management. Simulation of marine traffic in Istanbul Strait is very important to be able to see the effects of different management strategies and possible changes affecting the marine traffic without really applying them. This paper presents a simulation model for marine traffic in Istanbul Strait. AutoMod software is used to develop the simulation model. Different queuing strategies and management related issues are analyzed in the simulation and their effects are compared in this paper.
  Authors: Eldemir, Fahrettin; Camci, Fatih; Uysal, Özgür
  Authors: Eldemir, Fahrettin; Camci, Fatih; Uysal, Özgür
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Pipelines; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 637
  Paper Number: 13-1024
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Cost-Effective Dredging in Mobile Bay: Possibilities for Sustainable Dredged Material Management
  Abstract: This paper describes a study performed at the University of South Alabama to determine the cost-effective method of dredging in Mobile Bay and to explore the possibility of utilizing the dredged materials in an environmentally sustainable way. Historical cost and working time data for hopper dredging and pipeline dredging for Mobile Bay in Alabama from 1991 to present were obtained from the Mobile District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. For comparison, dredging data for Bayou Casotte in Mississippi were also obtained. An analysis of data showed that there was no significant difference in unit costs for pipeline and hopper dredging in Mobile Bay. However, further analysis showed that pipeline dredging was able to output more dredged material daily than hopper dredging. The disposal methods of dredging operations were taken into consideration while interpreting the results. Although the cost was similar, the extended distance that a hopper dredge has to travel to dispose of dredged sediment seems to make pipeline dredging more desirable for Mobile Bay and its channel maintenance needs. Moreover, if future shoreline restoration projects are initiated, pipeline dredging is expected to become the more desirable maintenance dredging method to keep up with the demand for material for shoreline re-nourishment activities. In addition to shoreline re-nourishment, the paper discusses several other possibilities of sustainable utilization of dredged materials, including using desalinated dredged sediments on agricultural lands in Alabama and elsewhere.
  Authors: Islam, Samantha; Parks, Jacqueline
  Authors: Islam, Samantha; Parks, Jacqueline
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-1532
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• How to Estimate Cruise Demand for New Port of Call Destination
  Abstract: Over the recent years, the cruise industry has experienced significant growth, becoming one of the most dynamic segments in the transportation and tourism sector. Research on the cruise industry is mainly market oriented, focusing on operations and revenue optimization management, while ports are mainly addressed in the context of the revenues generated by a cruise ship visit. Nevertheless, recent trends are in favor of new and diversified itineraries and, thus, several unvisited ports are seeking opportunities to penetrate the cruise market and become new destinations. In light of the above, the paper proposes a methodology for estimating the number of cruise ship visits that could potentially be attracted to a port, aiming at becoming a destination to existing cruise line connections within the wider geographical area served. The proposed methodological framework estimates the “cruise attractiveness index”, as a measure of the cruise port’s attractiveness in becoming a port of call, and subsequently identifies three alternative scenarios, under which the specific port could be integrated in the cruise line network. The end result is an estimate of the future cruise demand for the port of interest. An application is carried out for the Adriatic-Ionian seas of the Mediterranean region, one of the major cruise destinations in the world. The proposed methodology could be a valuable decision-making tool for both the cruise industry in terms of expanding its destinations, as well as for port authorities and other local agents aiming at attracting tourism capital.
  Authors: Tsamboulas, Dimitrios A.; Moraiti, Panayota; Koulopoulou, Giorgia
  Authors: Tsamboulas, Dimitrios A.; Moraiti, Panayota; Koulopoulou, Giorgia
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2013
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Are Mariner Near Misses Influencing Design?
  Abstract: In an on-going research effort by ABS,Lamar University, and vessel operators, over 18,000near-miss reports have been collected. The focus ofthis paper is on near-miss reports that included arecommended “design” change on or to the vessel andany related quality or safety management system.Limited consistency in the definition of a near missand the type of near-miss data being collected wasfound. Interestingly, it was noted that most of the nearmiss reports for this study contained some form ofrecommendation or corrective action. This review alsonoted apparent differences in vessel operator safetyprogram maturity among the companies providingnear miss data.As a result, this investigation focused on therecommended corrective actions and associatedhazard control processes. Additionally, based on thefindings of limited consistency, this paper will discusscore components for near miss reporting and for aneffective near miss management system.
  Authors: McSweeney, Kevin P; Craig, Brian N.; Curry, James; Zhu, Weihang
  Authors: McSweeney, Kevin P; Craig, Brian N.; Curry, James; Zhu, Weihang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: AW040
  Paper Number: 13-2525
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Real-Time Assessment of Columbia-Snake River Extended Lock Outage: Process and Impacts
  Abstract: Waterborne movements, one of the more economical methods of all modes of transportation, comprise a key component of the Pacific Northwest multimodal transportation system. The Columbia]Snake River system in the Pacific Northwest recently underwent a sustained lock outage from December 2010 to March 2011, eliminating barge transportation on much of the upper Columbia River and all of the Snake River. The impact of losing a major mode of transportation was projected by the shippers, carriers, and ports on the river to be substantial, and the impact on demands of other modes of transportation dramatic. This study, in real time, took advantage of the Columbia-Snake system disruption to determine the dynamics of the overall process and the impacts of such a temporary outage induced change. It reports specifically on the Pacific Northwest wheat industry, which comprises 75 percent of downriver river commodity movement. A transportation disruption like that of the extended lock outage on the Columbia-Snake River had previously never been executed in the United States. This study allowed the authors to evaluate the logistic, economic, and environmental impact of a sustained halt in barge transportation. Overall, Columbia-Snake River stakeholders were well prepared and managed to navigate the disruption in transportation without incurring exorbitant costs, with a net cost per bushel of six cents.
  Authors: Simmons, Sara V.; Casavant, Kenneth L.; Sage, Jeremy
  Authors: Simmons, Sara V.; Casavant, Kenneth L.; Sage, Jeremy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation
  Session: 265
  Paper Number: 13-4276
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Assessing Sensitivity of Transportation Assets to Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change
  Abstract: Transportation officials are increasingly faced with challenging decisions regarding how to design, plan, and manage infrastructure to confront changes in climate and extreme weather events. Understanding which impacts affect infrastructure and at what point damage begins to occur is a critical step towards assessing overall vulnerability and risk. However, few resources exist to help managers and designers identify key thresholds and indicators of sensitivity to weather and climate impacts. This paper introduces the Sensitivity Matrix, a tool developed for the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Gulf Coast Phase 2 adaptation pilot project in Mobile, Alabama. The Matrix is an important step toward a more comprehensive understanding of relationships between climate and transportation. Transportation planners can use this Matrix to screen for assets that are particularly sensitive and, therefore, potentially vulnerable to climate change. Where possible, it includes key thresholds at which damage may be observed. This resource can assist the transportation community in conducting climate vulnerability and risk assessments.The Sensitivity Matrix reveals three main conclusions about the sensitivity of the transportation system to climate stressors. First, transportation assets tend to be more sensitive to extreme events than to incremental changes in the mean of climate variables. Second, services, such as maintenance, traffic conveyance, and safety are often more sensitive to climate stressors than physical assets. Finally, an asset is often sensitive to stressors whose occurrence is relatively unlikely in comparison to typical weather variability.
  Authors: Rowan, Emily; Evans, Christopher; Riley-Gilbert, Marybeth; Hyman, Robert C.; Kafalenos, Robert; Beucler, Brian L.; Rodehorst, Beth; Choate, Anne; Schultz, Peter
  Authors: Rowan, Emily; Evans, Christopher; Riley-Gilbert, Marybeth; Hyman, Robert C.; Kafalenos, Robert; Beucler, Brian L.; Rodehorst, Beth; Choate, Anne; Schultz, Peter
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-3165
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Systematic Evaluation of Alternative Options for Reduction of Vessel Emissions in Ports
  Abstract: Transport operations are significant contributors to pollutant emissions across the globe. In all transport modes there have been considerable efforts to reduce these environmental impacts through various ways. Technological advances, policies and regulations are the most common ways to tackle this problem. Maritime transportation is responsible for approximately 3% of the global carbon emissions and while a large percentage of that is generated in the seas, local air quality around ports is severely affected by vessel traffic and stationary ships. Ports at the same time are areas of massive energy consumption which translates to further pollutant emitted at the source where the energy is produced. The final component in the environmental footprint of a port’s operation is the generated inland traffic (rail or road) around it for the transportation of goods and people to and from the terminal. There are mitigation techniques and policies that can be used to improve the environmental performance of each of the previous components of the system. This paper presents a framework for examining these impacts with a particular focus on the environmental footprint of ships approaching and berthing at ports, where their emissions impact directly on local air quality and on the exposure of the local population. Speed reduction of approaching ships and cold ironing for berthing ships are examined as potential mitigation techniques, and their scope is assesed per call per ship for the reduction of emissions for CO2, SO2 and NOX .
  Authors: Zis, Thalis; North, Robin J.; Angeloudis, Panagiotis; Bell, Michael G.H.
  Authors: Zis, Thalis; North, Robin J.; Angeloudis, Panagiotis; Bell, Michael G.H.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-5346
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Truck-to-Door Assignment at Cross-Dock Facility with Controllable Handling Times
  Abstract: This paper studies the inbound truck-to-door assignment problem at a cross-dock facility with controllable truck handling times. In particular, the handling time of a truck is discretely defined by the number of workers (or material handling equipment) assigned to a door. The cross-dock operator aims at minimizing the total labor cost by determining the number of workers allocated at each door as well as the truck-to-door assignment. We first discuss a branch-and-price method for the problem of interest. Then, two evolutionary heuristic methods are discussed. Numerical studies are conducted to compare the branch-and-price method to the evolutionary heuristics.
  Authors: Konur, Dincer; Golias, Mihalis M.
  Authors: Konur, Dincer; Golias, Mihalis M.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Railroads; Terminals and Facilities; Rail; Freight Transportation
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-0883
• U.S. Transition to Motor Carrier-Supplied Marine Chassis: Operational Impacts on and off Terminal
  Abstract: Ocean Carriers serving the United States have traditionally provided chassis to move their containers to and from customers. Because of the high cost of providing chassis and the increasing government concerns over the safety and roadability, ocean carriers have provided notice to their customers that they will no longer provide chassis in the U.S. While change in the short term is difficult, a change in ownership may improve safety, supply chain productivity and equipment utilization among other operating variables. This paper analyzes how intermodal performance, inside and outside the terminal gates, might change as ownership and management of the chassis fleet changes. Keywords: chassis, chassis supply, intermodal freight, intermodal terminals, intermodal operations, intermodal terminal design, terminal technology, terminal design
  Authors: Zumerchik, John
  Authors: Zumerchik, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Railroads; Terminals and Facilities; Rail; Freight Transportation
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-4625
• Storage Space Allocation at Marine Container Terminals Using Ant-Based Control
  Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach for allocating containers to storage blocks in a marine container terminal. We modeled the container terminal as a network of gate, yard blocks and berths on which export and import containers are considered as bi-directional traffic. For both export and import containers, the yard blocks are the intermediate storage points between gates (landside) and berths (waterside). Our model determines the route for each individual container (i.e. assign the container to a block to be stored) based on two competing objectives 1) balance the workload among yard blocks, and 2) minimize the distance traveled by internal trucks between yard blocks and berths. The model utilized an ant-based control method. It exploits the trail laying behavior of ant colonies where ants deposit pheromones as a function of 1) traveled distance and 2) yard crane workload severity at the blocks. The route of a container (i.e. selection of a yard block) is based on the pheromone distribution on the network. The results from experiments showed that the proposed approach effectively balances the workload among yard blocks and reduces the distance traveled by internal transport vehicles during vessel loading and unloading operations.
  Authors: Sharif, Omor; Huynh, Nathan N.
  Authors: Sharif, Omor; Huynh, Nathan N.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Railroads; Terminals and Facilities; Rail; Freight Transportation
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-4679
• Agent-Based Simulation Tool for Evaluating Pooled Queue Performance at Marine Container Terminals
  Abstract: Truck queuing at marine container terminal gates is one of the main sources of delay at terminals and is an area of concern since delays increase the logistical cost of transporting a container. Idling trucks at the gates are also a source of emissions that are harmful to surrounding environments. With the growing focus on global warming and reducing greenhouse gases, increasing importance has been placed on finding alternative strategies for reducing delays at the gates. Previous studies focused on the performance of strategies such as the appointment system and extended gate hours. However, there has yet to be a study that evaluates the performance of pooling trucks into a single queue at the gates. Previous studies on pooling offer mixed opinions on whether or not it is beneficial, but none of these studies have attempted to model the movements of the entities in the queue. In a human system (no vehicles) the movements are not as important since the time to move up one space in the queue is negligible; however, due to the size and weight of the trucks at the gates, the time to move is significant and should be considered. This study used agent based simulation to model the terminal gate system with two different queuing strategies, a pooled queue and non-pooled queues, since analytical solutions are not capable of capturing vehicle movements within the queue. Using a car-following model, a realistic representation of how vehicles move within the queue is captured. The developed simulation model was used to evaluate queuing strategies under varying conditions. Results indicate that using a pooled queue yields significantly lower average queuing times and variability in queuing times.
  Authors: Fleming, Matthew; Huynh, Nathan N.; Xie, Yuanchang
  Authors: Fleming, Matthew; Huynh, Nathan N.; Xie, Yuanchang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Railroads; Terminals and Facilities; Rail; Freight Transportation
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-2936
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• A Path Forward? An Examination of the Impact of Brazilian Infrastructure and Highway Development on Global Soybean Exportation Routes
  Abstract: Brazil’s presence on the international commodities market continues to grow, while its overseas clients, especially in China, grow steadily as well. Soybeans, a grain known for its uses as both meal and oil, are forecast to remain the world’s most-traded grain. As Brazil overtakes the leadership from the US as the world’s largest soybean exporter, the country is forced to deal with logistical hurdles, such as unpaved or dilapidated roads, limited rail and river networks and a congested port system. These obstacles cut deeply into producers’ profits, damaging the soybeans’ competitiveness on the international market. One project being undertaken to facilitate agricultural transportation is highway BR-163, which runs over 1,000 miles from the country’s leading exporting state, Mato Grosso, to the city Santarém, located in the Amazon region state of Pará. By shipping through the Amazon River basin and its tributaries, the goal is to reduce logistical costs. Based on up-to-date market transportation data, this article aims to evaluate the potential economic contribution of improved road conditions on overall freight expenses from farm-gate to Shanghai, China and Hamburg, Germany. Results showed that proximity to the Northern port increases the Santarém route’s economic viability in comparison to the traditionally utilized ports in the country’s more developed southern regions; nonetheless, all three soybean origin points experienced, at the least, a 30% discount when shipping to China and Germany via BR-163, under improved road conditions.
  Authors: Friend, Jonathan Daniel; Lima, Renato Silva
  Authors: Friend, Jonathan Daniel; Lima, Renato Silva
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Railroads; Motor Carriers; Rail; Freight Transportation
  Session: AT030
  Paper Number: 13-3984
• Spatial Spillover Effect of Transportation Infrastructure on Agricultural Output across the United States: An Empirical Investigation
  Abstract: This study evaluates the effect of transportation infrastructure, including roads and railroads, on agricultural output across 44 states in the U.S. from 1981 to 2004. Applying a spatial Durbin model (SDM) considering four different weight matrices, the spillover effect of transportation infrastructure is analyzed. By catching spatial dependence in both dependent and explanatory variables, the results suggest that road disbursement in a state generally has positive direct effects on its own agricultural output. The spillover effect of road infrastructure on agricultural output in neighboring states varies with respect to the spatial weight matrix used in the model. Moreover, simulation analysis based on the results using the second order of contiguity weight matrix shows that enhancement in road infrastructure in the states in the central region of the U.S. has a larger spillover effect on agricultural output compared to coastal or border states. No significant direct effect or spillover effect from rail infrastructure is identified in this study.
  Authors: Tong, Tingting; Yu, Tun-Hsiang Edward; Cho, Seong-Hoon; Jensen, Kimberly; De La Torre Ugarte, Daniel
  Authors: Tong, Tingting; Yu, Tun-Hsiang Edward; Cho, Seong-Hoon; Jensen, Kimberly; De La Torre Ugarte, Daniel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Railroads; Motor Carriers; Rail; Freight Transportation
  Session: AT030
  Paper Number: 13-1648
• Truck-to-Door Assignment at Cross-Dock Facility with Controllable Handling Times
  Authors: Golias, Mihalis
  Authors: Golias, Mihalis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-0883
• Spatial Analysis of Maritime Accidents Using Geographic Information System
  Authors: Huang, Dao-zheng
  Authors: Huang, Dao-zheng
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Pipelines; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 637
  Paper Number: 13-1649
• Probability Analysis of Damage to Offshore Pipeline by Ship Factors
  Authors: Liu, Yutao
  Authors: Liu, Yutao
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Pipelines; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 637
  Paper Number: 13-0923
• Cost-Effective Dredging in Mobile Bay: Possibilities for Sustainable Dredged Material Management
  Authors: Islam, Samantha
  Authors: Islam, Samantha
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-1532
• Agent-Based Simulation Tool for Evaluating Pooled Queue Performance at Marine Container Terminals
  Authors: Huynh, Nathan
  Authors: Huynh, Nathan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-2936
• Evaluation of Gate Strategies at Marine Container Terminals
  Authors: Golias, Mihalis
  Authors: Golias, Mihalis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-2961
• Evaluation of Gate Strategies at Marine Container Terminals
  Authors: Boile, Maria
  Authors: Boile, Maria
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-2961
• Modeling Human Behavior in Vessel Maneuver Simulation by Optimal Control and Game Theory
  Authors: Daamen, Winnie
  Authors: Daamen, Winnie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Pipelines; Safety and Human Factors
  Session: 637
  Paper Number: 13-1896
• Marine Highway Transport of Toxic Inhalation Hazard Materials
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-2205
• Wholesale Hub Locations in Food Supply Chain Systems
  Authors: Etemadnia, Hamideh
  Authors: Etemadnia, Hamideh
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation
  Session: 265
  Paper Number: 13-2886
• Storage Space Allocation at Marine Container Terminals Using Ant-Based Control
  Authors: Sharif, Omor
  Authors: Sharif, Omor
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-4679
• Real-Time Assessment of Columbia-Snake River Extended Lock Outage: Process and Impacts
  Authors: Casavant, Kenneth
  Authors: Casavant, Kenneth
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation
  Session: 265
  Paper Number: 13-4276
• Assessing Relationship Between Transport Infrastructure and Agriculture Productivity in European Countries: Application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index
  Authors: Chaudhry, Muhammad Omer
  Authors: Chaudhry, Muhammad Omer
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation
  Session: 265
  Paper Number: 13-4685
• U.S. Transition to Motor Carrier-Supplied Marine Chassis: Operational Impacts on and off Terminal
  Authors: Zumerchik, John
  Authors: Zumerchik, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-4625
• Budget Allocation for Dredging Project Selection to Maximize Waterway System Capacity Improvement
  Authors: Mitchell, Kenneth
  Authors: Mitchell, Kenneth
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster; MAP-21
  Session: 264
  Paper Number: 13-3993
• Budget Allocation for Dredging Project Selection to Maximize Waterway System Capacity Improvement
  Authors: Wang, Bruce
  Authors: Wang, Bruce
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster; MAP-21
  Session: 264
  Paper Number: 13-3993
• Changing U.S. Petroleum Dynamics and Their Impacts on River Petroleum Traffic
  Authors: Toth, Sandor
  Authors: Toth, Sandor
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 710
  Paper Number: P13-5325
• Economic Impacts of Navigation Regulations: Recent U.S. Coast Guard Research
  Authors: Cooper, Jon
  Authors: Cooper, Jon
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 710
  Paper Number: P13-5326
• Fresh Research on Locks and Dams: The Same Old Strategy Will Yield the Same Old Results
  Authors: Steenhoek, Michael
  Authors: Steenhoek, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 710
  Paper Number: P13-5710
• Port Perspective
  Authors: Lynn, Andrew
  Authors: Lynn, Andrew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 634
  Paper Number: P13-7137
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Winebrake, James
  Authors: Winebrake, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Energy; Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 175
  Paper Number: Z13-175
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Camay, Stephanie
  Authors: Camay, Stephanie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation
  Session: 319
  Paper Number: Z13-319
• USDOT Perspective on State Freight Plans
  Authors: Wells, Jack
  Authors: Wells, Jack
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 634
  Paper Number: P13-5461
• Delivering Sustainability: Improving Vessel and Supply Chain Efficiency
  Authors: Kindberg, Lee
  Authors: Kindberg, Lee
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 380
  Paper Number: P13-5776
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Croope, Silvana
  Authors: Croope, Silvana
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Environment; Marine Transportation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 576
  Paper Number: Z13-576
• Freight Policy and the Competitiveness of the Nation's Ports
  Authors: Cordero, Mario
  Authors: Cordero, Mario
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Policy
  Session: 526
  Paper Number: P13-6881
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Conway, Alison
  Authors: Conway, Alison
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 119
  Paper Number: Z13-119
• Welcome and Overview of Session - The Dimensions of the Community of Practice of Freight Energy and Environmental Modelers
  Authors: Corbett, James
  Authors: Corbett, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Energy; Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 175
  Paper Number: P13-6437
• Welcome and Overview of Session - The Dimensions of the Community of Practice of Freight Energy and Environmental Modelers
  Authors: Winebrake, James
  Authors: Winebrake, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Energy; Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 175
  Paper Number: P13-6437
• Catastrophic Modeling of Potential Disruptions to Inland Waterway Systems
  Authors: Rovito, Jennifer
  Authors: Rovito, Jennifer
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Environment; Marine Transportation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 576
  Paper Number: P13-6153
• The Rise of Green Freight in Asia
  Authors: Punte, Sophie
  Authors: Punte, Sophie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Energy; Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 175
  Paper Number: P13-6445
• Freight Flow Modeling and Carbon Footprints in Metropolitan Areas and Supply Chains
  Authors: Southworth, Frank
  Authors: Southworth, Frank
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Energy; Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 175
  Paper Number: P13-6446
• Transferable Best Practices and Lessons Learned from Airports
  Authors: James, Larissa
  Authors: James, Larissa
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster; MAP-21
  Session: 264
  Paper Number: P13-5986
• Rail Infrastructure Investments: Making Rail More Competitive
  Authors: Gray, John
  Authors: Gray, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 577
  Paper Number: P13-6309
• Freight 2050: The Use of Scenario Modeling to Explore Future Freight Transportation Energy Use
  Authors: Grenzeback, Lance
  Authors: Grenzeback, Lance
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Energy; Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 175
  Paper Number: P13-6447
• Liquefied Natural Gas as Ship Fuel: Effects on Ship Designs, Operations, and Supporting Infrastructure
  Authors: van Rynbach, Eugene
  Authors: van Rynbach, Eugene
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Marine Transportation; Vehicles and Equipment; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 381
  Paper Number: P13-6103
• Liquefied Natural Gas as Ship Fuel: U.S. Coast Guard's Regulations and Requirements
  Authors: Meyers, Timothy
  Authors: Meyers, Timothy
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Marine Transportation; Vehicles and Equipment; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 381
  Paper Number: P13-6102
• Ship Propulsion Power Reduction by Means of Hull Air Lubrication and Air Cavities
  Authors: Ceccio, Steven
  Authors: Ceccio, Steven
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Marine Transportation; Vehicles and Equipment; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 381
  Paper Number: P13-6105
• Seatrains for the Marine Highway: Spectrum of Configurations, Operations, and Performance
  Authors: Hockberger, William
  Authors: Hockberger, William
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Marine Transportation; Vehicles and Equipment; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster
  Session: 381
  Paper Number: P13-6106
• Catastrophic Modeling, Insurance, and Transportation
  Authors: Michel-Kerjan, Erwann
  Authors: Michel-Kerjan, Erwann
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Environment; Marine Transportation; Security and Emergencies
  Session: 576
  Paper Number: P13-6154
• Development of a Freight Decarbonization Tool: An Evaluation of Measures for Reducing Emissions from Freight Transport in the UK
  Authors: McKinnon, Alan
  Authors: McKinnon, Alan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Energy; Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 175
  Paper Number: P13-6450
• Opportunities for Freight Efficiency and Logistics to Meet Energy and Environmental Goals in the Freight Sector
  Authors: Goodchild, Anne
  Authors: Goodchild, Anne
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Energy; Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 175
  Paper Number: P13-6442
• The Geospatial Intermodel Freight Transportation (GIFT) Model: Case Studies on the Use of Geospatial Network Optimization for Evaluating Performance Tradeoffs in the Freight Sector
  Authors: Winebrake, James
  Authors: Winebrake, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Energy; Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 175
  Paper Number: P13-6448
• Environmental Ship Index: Voluntary Incentive-Based Approach to Reducing Emissions
  Authors: van de Laar, Fer
  Authors: van de Laar, Fer
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 380
  Paper Number: P13-5815
• Reducing NOx Emissions for Ocean-Going Vessels: Wartsila's IMO Tier III Solutions for Two-Stroke Engines
  Authors: Schnellmann, Leo
  Authors: Schnellmann, Leo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 380
  Paper Number: P13-5816
• Comparison of CityCat Ferry in Brisbane, Australia, and East River Ferry in New York City
  Authors: Sipe, Neil
  Authors: Sipe, Neil
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation
  Session: 319
  Paper Number: P13-5933
• Integrating Passenger Ferry Service with Mass Transit
  Authors: Ricks, Karina
  Authors: Ricks, Karina
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation
  Session: 319
  Paper Number: P13-5934
• Commuter Ferry Services in Virginia - Washington, D.C. and Hampton Roads
  Authors: Comeaux, Noël
  Authors: Comeaux, Noël
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation
  Session: 319
  Paper Number: P13-5935
• Regional Council Perspective
  Authors: Abousleman, Fred
  Authors: Abousleman, Fred
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 634
  Paper Number: P13-5951
• America's Marine Highway: North-South Freight Transport Network
  Authors: Brand, Lauren
  Authors: Brand, Lauren
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 577
  Paper Number: P13-5979
• Developing an Enterprise Asset Management Program at the Port of Tacoma: Critical Initial Steps and Lessons Learned
  Authors: Paulsen, Lou
  Authors: Paulsen, Lou
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Deploying Transportation Research-Doing Things Smarter, Better, Faster; MAP-21
  Session: 264
  Paper Number: P13-5985
• Freight Policy: Competitiveness, Supply Chains, and the National Export Initiative
  Authors: Long, David
  Authors: Long, David
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Policy
  Session: 526
  Paper Number: P13-6013
• MAP-21 National Freight Policy
  Authors: Trottenberg, Polly
  Authors: Trottenberg, Polly
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Policy
  Session: 526
  Paper Number: P13-6016
• The Facts as We Know Them
  Authors: Casey, Patrick
  Authors: Casey, Patrick
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 707
  Paper Number: P13-6006
• Export Initiatives for Agriculture: Enabling Container Loading Near the Coast
  Authors: Bosch, Matthew
  Authors: Bosch, Matthew
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 707
  Paper Number: P13-6010
• Defining the Inland Network: Who Supports What and Why
  Authors: Eisenhauer, Clint
  Authors: Eisenhauer, Clint
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 707
  Paper Number: P13-6007
• The Cross-Dock Value Proposition: Market Size and Growth Outlook
  Authors: Gill, James
  Authors: Gill, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 707
  Paper Number: P13-6009
• Air Freight: The Growing Gorilla in the Room
  Authors: Clark, Patty
  Authors: Clark, Patty
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 577
  Paper Number: P13-6308
• Domestic Freight Infrastructure: Update on TIGER
  Authors: Falk, Jacob
  Authors: Falk, Jacob
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Aviation; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Motor Carriers
  Session: 577
  Paper Number: P13-6311
• Modal Comparison of Domestic Freight Transportation Effects on the General Public
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 345
  Paper Number: 13-2200
• AIS Data-based Vessel Speed, Course and Path Analysis in the Botlek Area in the Port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands
  Authors: Shu, Yaqing
  Authors: Shu, Yaqing
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 345
  Paper Number: 13-3742
• Facilitating Fuzzy Rule-Based Evidential Reasoning in the Navigational Risk Assessment of Inland Waterway Transportation System
  Authors: Zhang, Di
  Authors: Zhang, Di
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 345
  Paper Number: 13-3876
• Assessing Sensitivity of Transportation Assets to Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change
  Authors: Rowan, Emily
  Authors: Rowan, Emily
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-3165
• Generation of Inland Waterway Trip Information Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data
  Authors: Dobbins, James
  Keywords: Presentations
  Authors: Dobbins, James
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Planning and Forecasting
  Session: 345
  Paper Number: 13-4218
• Systematic Network Design for Liner Shipping Services
  Authors: Meng, Qiang
  Authors: Meng, Qiang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1886
• How to Estimate Cruise Demand for New Port of Call Destination
  Authors: Moraiti, Panayota
  Authors: Moraiti, Panayota
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2013
• Measuring the Direct Economic Effects of Reduced Depth from a Lack of Maintenance Dredging of Ship Channels
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2214
• Global Intermodal Liner Shipping Network Design
  Authors: Meng, Qiang
  Authors: Meng, Qiang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2480
• Container Relocation of Import Containers in Terminal Storage Yard Under Uncertain Pickup Sequences
  Authors: Zhou, Pengfei
  Authors: Zhou, Pengfei
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2821
• Optimization of Quay Crane Scheduling Constrained by Stability of Vessels
  Authors: Wang, Junjia
  Authors: Wang, Junjia
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4016
• Scheduling Container Vessels Under Handling and Arrival Time Uncertainty
  Authors: Portal, Isabel
  Authors: Portal, Isabel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4098
• Analysis and Modeling of Freight Demand at Mumbai Port Using Regression and Time Series Techniques
  Authors: Sahu, Prasanta
  Authors: Sahu, Prasanta
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4426
• Cruise Line Revenue Management at Disney World
  Authors: Miao, Qing
  Authors: Miao, Qing
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-5116
• Abating CO2 and SOx Emissions from Container Shipping: the Articulation Between Deep Sea Shipping and Feedering in Sulfur Emission Control Areas
  Authors: Doudnikoff, Marjorie
  Authors: Doudnikoff, Marjorie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-2435
• Systematic Evaluation of Alternative Options for Reduction of Vessel Emissions in Ports
  Authors: Zis, Thalis
  Authors: Zis, Thalis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-5346
• Assessing Sensitivity of Transportation Assets to Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change
  Authors: Evans, Christopher
  Authors: Evans, Christopher
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation
  Session: 342
  Paper Number: 13-3165
• Dynamics Between Newbuilding Ship Price Volatility and Freight Volatility in Dry Bulk Shipping Market
  Authors: Dai, Lei
  Authors: Dai, Lei
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1288
• Measuring a Port's Performance Using Economic Value of Commodities
  Authors: Simkins, Zamira
  Authors: Simkins, Zamira
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1395
• Solving the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem with Time Windows
  Authors: Kaveshgar, Narges
  Authors: Kaveshgar, Narges
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4845