2013 Subject Index: Terminals and Facilities

• Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickups, Deliveries, and Handling Costs
  Abstract: This paper proposes a novel and practical vehicle routing problem with pickups, deliveries and handling costs (VRPPD-H). The VRPPD-H extends the conventional vehicle routing problem with pickups and deliveries (VRPPD) by taking into account additional handling costs caused by loading and unloading operations for cargo rearrangement. Four mixed integer linear programming models are first built for the VRPPD-H under the four different cargo storage and handling policies. Two types of branch-and-cut exact algorithms are subsequently used to solve each of these four models. Finally, numerical experiments are carried out to assess the models and algorithms proposed in this study.
  Authors: Miao, Lixin; Meng, Qiang; Ruan, Qingfang
  Authors: Miao, Lixin; Meng, Qiang; Ruan, Qingfang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-0082
• Multi-Objective Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows: a Vector Evaluated Artificial Bee Colony Approach
  Abstract: The vehicle routing problem with time windows, widely used in practice, is an NP-hard problem. The proposed optimization algorithm is based on the artificial bee colony algorithm combined with the vector evaluated technique for solving the problem as a multi-objective problem. Unlike traditional two-steps algorithms, this algorithm provides a simultaneous solution set. The approach was tested on standard Solomon benchmark problems and the result shows that this algorithm was better than or equal to other heuristic algorithms.
  Authors: Nahum, Oren E; Hadas, Yuval; Spiegel, Uriel
  Authors: Nahum, Oren E; Hadas, Yuval; Spiegel, Uriel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-0106
• Exchange Rate Impacts on West Coast Container Port Traffic
  Abstract: Previous studies of the elasticity of West Coast container port traffic to increases in gateway costs have concluded that traffic is highly sensitive to cost increases. However, the major change in West Coast container port market shares has been the upward trend in the market share of the BC Lower Mainland ports (now combined as Port Metro Vancouver) from 9% in 2002 to 11% in 2011. This is difficult to reconcile with a high elasticity since the Canadian dollar increased by 36% against the U.S. dollar over this period, which led to higher port and inland transportation costs relative to US ports for Pacific Rim import traffic. The impact of exchange rate changes is explored through a regression analysis of Canadian Pacific Rim imports and port market shares. The results indicate that while the appreciation of the Canadian dollar had a negative impact on Lower Mainland container traffic, the effect was outweighed by increases in import volumes due to the reduction in the prices of imported goods. Estimates of Canadian Pacific Rim imports transhipped through US ports suggest that the share of US ports in Canadian traffic increased substantially over this period as a result of higher relative inland transportation costs. The paper highlights the influence of the differential impacts of changes in macroeconomic variables on port competitiveness.
  Authors: Davies, Philip
  Authors: Davies, Philip
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-0603
• Cost-Stable Truck Scheduling at Cross-Dock Facility with Unknown Truck Arrivals
  Abstract: In this paper, we analyze a cross-dock operator’s problem of determining a cost-stable scheduling strategy while minimizing the average of total service costs in case of unknown truck arrival times. A bi-objective optimization problem is formulated and we discuss a genetic algorithm based heuristic to ?nd Pareto e?cient schedules. The proposed approach is compared to ?rst-come-?rst-served policies.
  Authors: Konur, Dincer; Golias, Mihalis M.
  Authors: Konur, Dincer; Golias, Mihalis M.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-0882
• Geographic Energy Adaptive Potential of Farmers’ Market System as Compared with Conventional Supermarket System
  Abstract: Geographic energy adaptive potential is a quantitative assessment of the capacity of the supply chain system to deliver the same goods using less energy. Issues of oil supply and carbon emissions motivate the study of the energy adaptive potential of the Farmers’ market and supermarket food distribution systems. Three key indicators are used to measure the adaptive potential of the system, 1) systems’ fuel intensity and traceability of products in the supply chain, 2) potential for freight consolidation, 3) access to stores by potential customers. A method is presented to compute the freight energy intensity using information on product origins, number and type of delivery vehicles and amount of goods delivered. A hypothetical freight logistical consolidation model is created to determine potential energy savings. Access to Farmers’ markets and supermarkets by customers is calculated using Service Area analysis of ArcGIS10 and is a function of the geographic elements such as road network infrastructure and census information. The Farmers’ market system in the New Zealand setting was assessed using the three key indicators prescribed. Results of the survey conducted have shown that Farmers’ markets have higher freight energy-intensity than supermarkets. The energy intensity values for the latter were obtained using figures from government-commissioned reports. Consolidation of freight in the Farmers’ market could decrease the energy intensity. However given the current volumes of goods sold at the market, the Farmers’ market would still be more energy-intensive than supermarkets. There is also no difference between access of customers to Farmers’ markets and supermarkets.
  Authors: Asuncion, Janice Sy; Krumdieck, Susan; Rendall, Stacy; Page, Shannon; Murray, Rua
  Authors: Asuncion, Janice Sy; Krumdieck, Susan; Rendall, Stacy; Page, Shannon; Murray, Rua
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1158
• Modified Wall-Building-Based Compound Approach for Container Loading Problem
  Abstract: Efficient loading of containers would raise current productivity for the shipment of mixed, boxed cargo and this paper considers the knapsack container loading problem. Given a rectangular-shaped container, rectangular-shaped boxes with different sizes are packed such that total loaded volume is maximized. All boxes with the same origin-destination pair may be rotated in six orthogonal directions without load-related and positioning constraints. The modified wall-building based compound approach performs 36 modified wall-building heuristics based on three existing ranking functions, two existing priority rules and six orthogonal rotations of containers, while recording the best solution. The six orthogonal rotations of containers are equivalent to filling the container in six ways (four wall building methods and two floor building methods). Three weakly heterogeneous real-world test problems from a furniture company in Thailand are employed. There is not a winning heuristic that performs best on the three test problems. The typical wall-building approach (type-1 container rotation) does not perform well when compared with considering all six orthogonal rotations of container. In terms of the number of containers, the proposed compound approach can save up to 33% on the three test problems, and the highest fill percentages in the best solution founds are improved by up to 36%, when compared with the manual solutions. The proposed approach outperforms the existing tree heuristic. The highest fill percentages by the proposed approach are up to 6% higher than those by the tree search heuristic, whereas the CPU times by the proposed approach are up to 31% of those by the tree search heuristic.
  Authors: Karoonsoontawong, Ampol; Heebkhoksung, Krongthong
  Authors: Karoonsoontawong, Ampol; Heebkhoksung, Krongthong
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1171
• A Strategic Rail Network Optimization Model for Freight Transportation
  Abstract: The rail freight network optimization model presented in this paper was developed as a support tool for planning and policy decisions involved in the improvement of rail networks on a regional and national level. It is based on a strategic traffic assignment model designed to model macro networks with a high aggregation level, being exclusively designed for freight traffic. The model contemplates road and rail transport modes, and considers two different types of cargo: intermodal cargo, which is generally transported in containers and is easily interchanged between different modes at intermodal terminals; and general cargo, which represents all the remaining cargo. The optimization process is based on a local search heuristic which delivers good solutions in a reasonable computing time, with the quality of each network improvement solution being assessed based on the reduction of the total generalized costs and CO2 emissions. This freight network optimization model is innovative in the fact that it is not limited, allowing for both the improvement of existing links as well as the construction of new ones, and not having a limit on the number or variety of network improvement possibilities. Its adaptability to different conditions is emphasized when the model is applied to two networks under different investment scenarios, by delivering considerably different solutions adapted to the conditions of each scenario.
  Authors: Maia, Luis Couto; Couto, António Fidalgo
  Authors: Maia, Luis Couto; Couto, António Fidalgo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1177
• Dynamics Between Newbuilding Ship Price Volatility and Freight Volatility in Dry Bulk Shipping Market
  Abstract: Dry bulk shipping is a major component of the international trade. As the newbuilding ship prices fluctuate drastically, it is crucial to seek the major determinants that affect the price fluctuation. This paper mainly studies the relationship between newbuilding ship price volatility and freight volatility in the dry bulk shipping market. An abundance of research has been done to verify the time-varying characteristics of newbuilding ship price volatility, however few have focused on the relationship between newbuilding ship price volatility and freight volatility. We have examined the newbuilding ship price volatility against the freight and other variables¡¯ volatility. This paper uses a two-step model. The first step is the measurement of newbuilding price volatility through an ARCH model; the second is the analysis of the relationship between newbuilding price volatility and freight volatility though a GMM regression. The result from the two-step model specification confirms that newbuilding price volatility is time-varying. Furthermore, the results reveal that the freight volatility positively affect the newbuilding price volatility in a slight level. The newbuilding price volatility is mainly affected by secondhand price volatility and exchange volatility. The results of the study contribute in a general sense to understanding the risk involved in newbuilding ship market.
  Authors: Dai, Lei; Hu, Hao; Chen, Fei-er
  Authors: Dai, Lei; Hu, Hao; Chen, Fei-er
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1288
• Risk Perception and Communication at Maritime Transportation to and from Japan after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster
  Abstract: This paper reports the contamination-related impact of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster on seaport activities and international maritime transportation. It then analyzes the risk perception and risk communication after the disaster. First, the maritime-related newspaper articles published in Japan after the disaster were extensively reviewed. Next, 11 maritime-related actors, including port managers, governments, shipping companies, port operators, and shippers, were interviewed. The interviews were conducted from June to December, 2011. The results of these interviews revealed that the contamination-related impact of the power plant disaster included impacts on 42 skipping ports of container vessels operated by non-Japanese shipping companies in Keihin Ports, on radiation measurements of Japanese cargo at foreign ports, and on actions taken by the Japanese government and port managers. Then, the events observed after the disaster are explained along with the framework of social amplification of risk communication. They suggest that the risk communication made by maritime stakeholders successfully reduced the amplification of risk among stakeholders at the various levels of information sources, information channels, and stations. Finally, the lessons from the study are summarized, including the identification of factors influencing the amplification of risk, quick responses and appropriate countermeasures by authorities and port managers, and the introduction of systematic radiation measurement under the international agreement.
  Authors: Wang, Xiaoyi; Kato, Hironori; Shibasaki, Ryuichi
  Authors: Wang, Xiaoyi; Kato, Hironori; Shibasaki, Ryuichi
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1574
• Multilevel Modeling of Commercial Vehicle Interarrival Duration Using GPS Data
  Abstract: Variation in truck travel patterns between days is difficult to measure due to a lack of multiple-day commercial travel surveys. This study uses truck GPS data to study inter-arrival duration, defined as the time between arrivals at a destination of two successive vehicles operated by the same carrier. Destinations were separated into market segments: 1) frequently-visited destinations, 2) regularly scheduled destinations, and 3) unscheduled destinations, based on visit frequency and regularity. Inter-arrival duration was modelled using multilevel ordered probit and multilevel multinomial logit models. Market segmentation improved modelling results, and multilevel models performed better than single level models.
  Authors: Sharman, Bryce; Roorda, Matthew J.
  Authors: Sharman, Bryce; Roorda, Matthew J.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1816
• Overview of Bunker Consumption Optimization in Shipping
  Abstract: Bunker consumption optimization is significant for shipping companies because bunker cost constitutes a large proportional of the total operating cost and bunker consumption is directly related to emissions. Bunker consumption optimization problems can generally be formulated as the mixed-integer nonlinear programming models, which are challenging in algorithm design for solving large-scale problems. In this paper, we review the solution algorithms in the literature and propose a number of new algorithms. The algorithms that are reviewed and proposed include enumeration, dynamic programming, discretization, linear (and quadratic) static (and dynamic and branch-and-bound) outer-approximation (and secant-approximation) algorithms, and a second-order cone programming approach. The applicability, optimality, and efficiency of these methods are investigated.
  Authors: Wang, Shuaian; Meng, Qiang; Liu, Zhiyuan
  Authors: Wang, Shuaian; Meng, Qiang; Liu, Zhiyuan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1859
• Risk-Based Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problem with Time Windows in Hazardous Material Transportation
  Abstract: Unlike normal traffic incidents, incidents involving hazardous material are associated with significant traffic delays. As highways in cities are getting more and more crowded, monetary loss of the delay is getting massive. The formulation of the hazardous material routing and scheduling problem presented in this paper considers such potential effect of a hazardous material incident, in addition to the traditionally considered risk to exposed population. Loss due to congestion created by the incident is used as its measure. The objective is to minimize sum of the population-based and congestion-based risk cost. The model was used to explore routing and scheduling in a virtual instance of hazardous material transportation derived from road network of Osaka City, Japan. The problem was solved using Ant Colony System-based algorithms and was compared with optimal routes obtained considering population-based and congestion-based risk, respectively, as the sole criterion. The comparison showed that the model provides a better alternative to the conventional population-based model as it gives compromised optimal solution avoiding paths that causes large increase of the congestion-based cost.
  Authors: Pradhananga, Rojee; Taniguchi, Eiichi; Yamada, Tadashi; Qureshi, Ali Gul
  Authors: Pradhananga, Rojee; Taniguchi, Eiichi; Yamada, Tadashi; Qureshi, Ali Gul
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1865
• Measuring the Direct Economic Effects of Reduced Depth from a Lack of Maintenance Dredging of Ship Channels
  Abstract: Because of the Panama Canal expansion project, the need for deeper ship channels is constantly in the headlines. However, there is strong underlying concern about the lack of maintenance of ship channels to their authorized dimensions due to a lack of funding for the Corps of Engineers. As part of its project evaluation and prioritization process, the Corps evaluates alternatives to deepen or widen ship channels, but it does not look at the reverse—the effects of shallower and narrower channels. This paper looks at the current and potential effects of a reduction in channel depth resulting from a lack of maintenance dredging in Houston and Corpus Christi, Texas, and suggests a methodology for analyzing the direct effects of a lack of dredging. The analysis considered both current conditions and the potential effect of the loss of another 1 to 2 feet of depth. A variety of data sources was used, including Lloyd’s Register, pilot information, port logs, PIERS, Coast Guard databases, and market value information. Through interviews and data analysis several effects were identified: light loading; partial discharge at an intermediate deeper draft terminal before proceeding to the destination shallower draft terminal; maneuvering stern first because of the inaccessibility of the turning basin; and daylight restrictions. The magnitude of the effects of light loading depended on the type of shipper (broker/trader or producer/consumer of the cargo).
  Authors: Kruse, Carl James; Protopapas, Annie
  Authors: Kruse, Carl James; Protopapas, Annie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2214
• Development of Freight Demand Generation Model: Application to California with Validation
  Abstract: The growth in freight transportation demand prompts the development of better tools to evaluate and analyze goods movement. Tools such as freight demand generation models can improve decision-making through the analysis of the types and quantity of goods moved from one point to another. This paper concerns with the disaggregation of the Federal Highway Administration’s Freight Analysis Framework database (version 3.0) on freight origin-destination data and the development of linear regression equations to describe the relationships between commodity-based productions/attractions to specific economic variables. Instead of generating a production/attraction equation for each commodity, the grouping of commodities can simplify model development and application. We consider three grouping methods and two model selection criteria (with and without intercepts). Commodity equations with high R2 values were more likely to generate outputs closer to the actual 2007 data in the calibration process. In addition to the discussion of model selection and commodity grouping, the freight generation models are further validated using county-level economic data in California and applied to predict 2015 commodity outputs. This study can be used as a guideline for city, county, metropolitan and state level planning agencies to develop their own customized freight demand generation model.
  Authors: Lim, Robert; Qian, Zhen; Zhang, H. Michael
  Authors: Lim, Robert; Qian, Zhen; Zhang, H. Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1937
• Global Intermodal Liner Shipping Network Design
  Abstract: This paper presents a holistic analysis and useful software for the network design problem of the intermodal liner shipping system. The existing methods for liner shipping network design mainly deal with port-to-port demand. However, a large proportion of the customers of liner shipping companies are located inland. Thus, it is necessary to cope with inland origin-destination (OD) pairs involving a change in transport mode from inland transportation to maritime shipping. This paper first proposes a solution method for the conversion of inland OD demand to port-to-port demand. Then, it presents a framework for global intermodal liner shipping network design. By virtue of the software tool designed, the proposed methodology is applied to a large-scale global shipping network example.
  Authors: Liu, Zhiyuan; Meng, Qiang; Wang, Shuaian
  Authors: Liu, Zhiyuan; Meng, Qiang; Wang, Shuaian
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2480
• Two-Stage Model for Facility Layout Problem in Irregular Logistics Park with Obstacles
  Abstract: The layout problem in a logistics park, which involves the optimal placement of a set of functionary zones with known dimension, differs from the traditional facility layout problem because obstacles, such as railway or highway, may cross the logistics park. In addition, logistics parks commonly have irregular, instead of rectangular, shape. These additional features require explicit modeling. We present a two-stage model to find efficiently competitive solutions to this layout problem. The first stage involves allocating the functionary zones into sections caused by obstacles using clustering technique. The second stage involves the determination of the layout of the functionary zones in the respective sections by combining slicing structure and irregular objects. In addition, heuristic approaches based on genetic algorithm and scatter search are proposed because this layout problem is NP-complete. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
  Authors: Chen, Yanru; Jiang, Yangsheng; Long, Xiaoqiang; Hu, Lu
  Authors: Chen, Yanru; Jiang, Yangsheng; Long, Xiaoqiang; Hu, Lu
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 408
  Paper Number: 13-2504
• Users’ Experience and Evaluation of New Southern Masha’er Metro Line in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
  Abstract: Each year during the 9th month of the Muslim lunar calendar, more than 2 million Muslim pilgrims from around the world travel to the Holy City of Makkah in Saudi Arabia to perform Pilgrimage. A significant milestone in the effort to improve the existing transport system in the Holy City has been the introduction of the Southern Masha’er Rail Line during the 2010 pilgrimage season. In its first year of operation, the line operated at only 35% of its full capacity, before full implementation in the following year when the line operated at full capacity of 72,000 passengers per hour. This paper presents the results of a users’ survey that aimed at assessing the performance of the rail line from the perspective of its users. The analysis revealed that the rail users faced longer access, waiting and egress times compared to regular rail operations standards. However, interestingly enough, the survey results show that the majority of pilgrims found these times to be tolerable. Moreover, the majority of users found the rail line and its stations to be of excellent quality and gave positive recommendations about using the rail line in the future. The analysis also produced some very interesting observations that may be of relevance to rail operation in similar crowded events; these are highlighted throughout the paper.
  Authors: Kaysi, Isam; Alshalalfah, Baha; Shalaby, Amer; Sayegh, Arwa; Sayour, Mounira; Gutub, Adnan
  Authors: Kaysi, Isam; Alshalalfah, Baha; Shalaby, Amer; Sayegh, Arwa; Sayour, Mounira; Gutub, Adnan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 389
  Paper Number: 13-2510
• Estimation of Inventory-Theoretic Model of Mode Choice in Freight Transport
  Abstract: A model of freight mode choice is developed on the basis of the economic order quantity model, an inventory theoretic model of optimal shipment size. Shipment size is not explicit in the mode choice model; however the specifications of the utilities associated to each transport mode account for the fact that shipment size and transport mode are two related decisions, which depend on transport costs and on the logistic costs of shippers. The explanatory variables of the mode choice model are: the total commodity flow between the shipper and the receiver, the distance between the origin and the destination, the value density of the commodity, and a few additional variables. No transport supply data is used.Four similar versions of the model are estimated using the French shipper survey ECHO. As a result of these estimations, the terms of the utility functions inspired from inventory theory substantially improve the statistical goodness-of-fit of the models. The approach taken in this paper illustrates the potential of inventory theory to improve freight mode choice modeling. It also shows that the commodity flow between the shipper and the receiver is an important explanatory variable of mode choice, and insists on the fact that this variable should be observed in shipper surveys.
  Authors: Lloret-Batlle, Roger; Combes, François
  Authors: Lloret-Batlle, Roger; Combes, François
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-2513
• Assessing Redundancy of Freight Transportation Networks
  Abstract: Freight transportation network is an essential backbone for supporting the industrial activities and economic developments of the nation and global trade. In this paper, we develop a quantitative approach for assessing the redundancy of freight transportation networks, one of the four “Rs” (Robustness, Redundancy, Resourcefulness, and Rapidity) for calculating the resiliency triangle. Redundancy is characterized by two main dimensions: route diversity and network spare capacity. The route diversity dimension is to evaluate the existence of multiple efficient routes available for users or the degree of connections between a specific origin-destination (O-D) pair. The network spare capacity dimension is used to quantify the network-wide spare capacity with an explicit consideration of congestion effect. These two dimensions can complement each other by providing a two-dimensional characterization of freight transportation network redundancy. The case study of Utah statewide freight transportation network is provided to demonstrate the features of the two-dimensional approach as well as the applicability of the evaluation methodology.
  Authors: Jansuwan, Sarawut; Chen, Anthony; Xu, Xiangdong; Yang, Chao
  Authors: Jansuwan, Sarawut; Chen, Anthony; Xu, Xiangdong; Yang, Chao
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-2798
• Container Relocation of Import Containers in Terminal Storage Yard Under Uncertain Pickup Sequences
  Abstract: The relocation of import containers is a key problem to reduce the reshuffle ratio and handling cost in container yard. Considering the condition of dynamic uncertain container picking-up time and orders, an uncertain picking-up sequence model was proposed based on the stochastic event probabilities. The Relocation mechanism of import containers was analyzed under the uncertain picking-up sequences. A reshuffle estimate model was suggested and the related heuristic algorithm was designed based on least-reshuffle-estimate rule. The simulation experiments reveal that the proposed method could utilize the uncertain information of picking-up sequence and improve relocation performance and the algorithm could get the satisfied solution in reasonable time.
  Authors: Zhou, Pengfei; Li, Pi'an
  Authors: Zhou, Pengfei; Li, Pi'an
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2821
• Evaluation of Gate Strategies at Marine Container Terminals
  Abstract: Intermodal marine container terminals are experiencing growth in volumes and are under pressure to develop strategies to accommodate increasing demand. One of the major factors contributing to the problem is inefficient gate operations that can cause serious safety, congestion, and environmental problems. There is a plethora of ongoing discussions concerning the implementation of different operational strategies that may reduce the effect of these externalities. This research presents the development of a traffic simulation model capable of measuring the impact of various gate strategies on congestion at terminal gates and on the environment.
  Authors: Karafa, Jeffery; Golias, Mihalis M.; Boile, Maria; Theofanis, Sotiris
  Authors: Karafa, Jeffery; Golias, Mihalis M.; Boile, Maria; Theofanis, Sotiris
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-2961
• Estimation of Warehouse Throughput in a Freight Transport Demand Model for the Netherlands
  Abstract: This paper presents an extension of the classical 4-step freight modeling framework with a logistics chain model. Modeling logistics at the regional level is important because it establishes a link between trade flow and transport flow, allows determination of the warehouse and distribution centers locations and throughput volumes, and permits more detailed and accurate policy decision support systems. This paper describes a two-stage logistics model that estimates the volumes of regional warehouse throughput. The first stage estimates interregional trade flows by means of a gravity model application starting from regional production and consumption volumes. The second stage, the logistics chain model, splits the production-consumption flow between direct shipments and shipments via warehousing facilities. We use an aggregate multinomial logit discrete choice model to determine flow volumes for each of the possible logistics chains. We achieve consistency between the gravity and logistics chain models by a joint estimation of unknown parameters. We use a new transport flow survey dataset produced by Statistics Netherlands with information on loading and unloading location types. This dataset allows the required model calibration with respect to regional warehouse throughput. The proposed logistics chain model produces accurate estimates of regional warehouse throughput volumes and plausible parameter values. In the paper we present the specification of the new model, the dataset used and the results of the estimation.
  Authors: Davydenko, Igor Y.; Tavasszy, Lóránt A. Antal
  Authors: Davydenko, Igor Y.; Tavasszy, Lóránt A. Antal
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-3590
• Scheduling Container Vessels Under Handling and Arrival Time Uncertainty
  Abstract: We present a mathematical model and a solution approach for the discrete berth scheduling problem where vessel arrival and handling times are not known in advance with certainty. The problem is formulated as a bi-objective optimization problem that contains two optimization problems in the definition of each objective function. To solve the problem we reformulate it as a bi-objective bi-level optimization problem and propose a metaheuristic as the solution algorithm. The objective of the formulation is to provide a robust berth schedule by minimizing the average and range of the total service times for all vessels served at the terminal. Simulation is utilized to evaluate the proposed berth scheduling policy and compare it to two first-come-first-served policies usually adopted for scheduling under uncertainty.
  Authors: Portal, Isabel Maria; Kaisar, Evangelos I.; Golias, Mihalis M.; Ivey, Stephanie
  Authors: Portal, Isabel Maria; Kaisar, Evangelos I.; Golias, Mihalis M.; Ivey, Stephanie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4098
• Estimating U.S. Container Port Capacity And Utilization
  Abstract: ESTIMATING U.S. CONTAINER PORT CAPACITY AND UTILIZATIONThe authors estimated container terminal capacity and utilization at major U.S. ports using publicly available data. Container port capacity is the single most critical factor in the nation’s ability to participate in containerized trade and accommodate growth.Multiple metrics were used to assess five aspects of terminal capacity: berth length, berth depth (draft), container yard area, container yard stacking height (density), and working hours. The authors also analyzed the capacity and utilization of vessels serving the ports. These metrics offer more insight into capacity and utilization than simple measures such as annual TEU per acre. Moreover, the use of multiple metrics highlights differences in the design and operation of major U.S. container terminals and ports.The analysis indicates that U.S. ports have substantial reserve capacity inherent in their terminal infrastructure. In many cases, 2010 utilization of terminal assets such as container yard storage space was less than 50% of their estimated capacity. Ports can accommodate near-term cargo growth through more intensive use of existing terminals, cranes, and berths. Individual ports and terminals still face specific near-term constraints, including berth length and draft. Aggregate reserve capacity does not preclude shortfalls at ports that receive more than their share of growth or fail to accommodate annual peaking. The long lead times for terminal development and dredging will force ports to add capacity in advance of demand, despite low current capacity utilization.
  Authors: Smith, Daniel S.
  Authors: Smith, Daniel S.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: AW010
  Paper Number: 13-4146
• Using Structural Equations Modeling to Analyze User Satisfaction in Intermodal Transfer Facilities in Lisbon, Portugal
  Abstract: This research evaluates user satisfaction in intermodal transfer facilities, and the characteristics of these infrastructures that could influence passenger satisfaction, using the Lisbon Metropolitan Area as a case study. For this, a survey in eight major transit interchanges was conducted. Also, an inventory of attributes (e.g. platform identification, litter and/or graffiti, restrooms, seating, lighting, presence of security guards, among others) available in these transit interchanges was made. Using both data sources a structural equations model was built to assess the relations between different specific aspects of reported satisfaction levels. This model included also, variables describing the socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics of the respondents and intermodal transfer facilities attributes. The results obtained suggest that there is a hierarchical structure between different specific aspects of satisfaction and that both transit interchanges attributes and respondent characteristics significantly affect user satisfaction levels. Also it was found that the presence of litter and graffiti’s, as well as the presence of guidance signs influence significantly the levels of satisfaction.
  Authors: de Abreu e Silva, João; Bazrafshan, Hossein
  Authors: de Abreu e Silva, João; Bazrafshan, Hossein
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 389
  Paper Number: 13-3655
• Scheduled Hyperpath: Strategy for Reliable Routing and Scheduling of Deliveries in Time-Dependent Networks with Random Delays
  Abstract: The paper presents a new method for improving on-time arrival reliability of deliveries. The dispatcher wishes to minimise the total expected travel time and determines a pre-trip set of attractive links, but the choice between them is made en-route by drivers, based on observation of traffic conditions on immediate successor links. Such a set of attractive paths with associated departure time and decision rule, that collectively offer better expected travel time than any single path on its own is referred to as a ‘scheduled hyperpath’.The hyperpath concept, originally proposed in the context of public transport assignment where uncertainty exists regarding the arrival time of services, is exploited here by drawing a parallel between waiting for randomly arriving public transport services and waiting for available capacity in traffic networks with random delays. Adapting those methods to the just-in-time delivery context follows from established assertions that considering multiple paths and adaptive path selection in networks with random travel times offers lower travel times than a priori least-expected time paths.The HyperDOT algorithm presented here identifies an optimal scheduled hyperpath sequentially in reverse topological and chronological order using historical distributions of link travel times for discrete time intervals as inputs. Two application areas are briefly discussed: multiple simultaneous deliveries and repetitive shipments, indicating that the proposed strategy is advantageous in networks with multiple delays, though it may lead to discarding of routes that remain the shortest even when delayed, due to the myopic character of information about the network conditions.
  Authors: Kanturska, Urszula; Trozzi, Valentina; Bell, Michael G.H.
  Authors: Kanturska, Urszula; Trozzi, Valentina; Bell, Michael G.H.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-3696
• Optimization of Quay Crane Scheduling Constrained by Stability of Vessels
  Abstract: Quay crane is a crucial resource constraint for scheduling loading/unloading tasks in a container terminal, while the stability of vessels should also be carefully considered in order to produce a feasible schedule. Unfortunately, the latter constraint is inadequately abstracted in the many previous studies of schedule optimization of quay cranes, sometimes leading to infeasible schedules. Therefore, a mixed integer linear programming model is developed with the incorporation of stability of vessels. In addition, steady-state genetic algorithm is designed for solving the schedule optimization problem. The results of virtual cases indicate that the proposed optimization tool can concurrently resolve both quay crane and vessel stability for producing a more feasible schedule. The stability constraint could also enhance the average performance of the Steady-state GA.
  Authors: Wang, Junjia; Hu, Hao; Song, Yuanbin
  Authors: Wang, Junjia; Hu, Hao; Song, Yuanbin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4016
• Evaluation of Community Café's Utility for Public Transportation Use in a Local Community in Japan
  Abstract: Demographic aging and depopulation are forcing local communities in Japan to confront the dilemma of maintaining public transportation services while reducing public transport costs. As a solution, this study discusses the usefulness of a community café (a non-profit-managed public space for eating, drinking and deepening personal interactions) as a bus waiting place. The idea is that passengers can wait comfortably for a bus at a community café even when financial constraints have caused the waiting time to increase as a result of reductions in transportation service frequency. To analyze the relationship between passenger satisfaction with bus transportation when a community café is used as a bus waiting place, a multiattribute utility function (MUF) and orthogonal arrays were used. A questionnaire survey to collect data for analysis was conducted in Atsuma Town, Southern Hokkaido. The bus transport attributes to which MUF was applied in order to evaluate the passenger satisfaction included waiting time, bus fare, and type of waiting place. The analysis shows that the utility function scores for factor combinations such as community café as a bus waiting place and either longer waiting time, or higher bus fare are higher than those for the combinations of canopied shelter with seats and either shorter waiting time or lower bus fare.Such results indicate that using a community café as a bus waiting place may be able to make up for reductions in public bus transport services due to financial constraints.
  Authors: Kishi, Kunihiro
  Authors: Kishi, Kunihiro
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Design; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 389
  Paper Number: 13-4157
• Analysis and Modeling of Freight Demand at Mumbai Port Using Regression and Time Series Techniques
  Abstract: Prediction of future freight demand for multi-modal transportation is one of the critical issues in seaport planning and development. Developing country like India is experiencing freight growth at about 10% per annum in the current scenario. The thirteen major ports and 200 non major ports handle respectively 75% and 25% of the total freight throughput of seaports. Among the thirteen major ports, Mumbai Port ranked at number 3 in the current year handles about 11% of the total freight traffic at major seaports in India. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze and model the freight flow data for Mumbai Port using regression analysis and time series techniques. The annual data series recorded for the last 112 years at Mumbai Port are used for this study. Using regression technique, several econometric models are developed and it is found that both multiple linear and single variable nonlinear models are suitable for estimating the inbound freight traffic. However, nonlinear model, power regression model is found to be appropriate for predicting outbound freight traffic. ARIMA (0, 1, 0) and ARIMA (1, 1, 2) are found suitable for inbound and outbound freight flow prediction. The economic indicator variables data are obtained from the data base of Center for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). The study may benefit port planning agencies for port infrastructure planning and development.
  Authors: Sahu, Prasanta; Patil, Gopal R.
  Authors: Sahu, Prasanta; Patil, Gopal R.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4426
• Solving the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem with Time Windows
  Abstract: One of the most important operations in marine container terminals is quay crane scheduling. The quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP) involves scheduling groups of containers to be loaded and unloaded by each quay crane. It also requires addressing practical issues such as safety requirements (i.e. minimum spacing between quay cranes) and precedence relationships between the container groups. This study addresses the QCSP with one additional consideration: time availability of quay cranes. This problem is referred to as the QCSP with time windows (QCSPTW) in the literature. This paper discusses the genetic algorithm (GA) developed to solve the QCSPTW. It builds on a previously developed GA to solve the QCSP by the authors. The results of a large set of numerical experiments using benchmark instances highlight several key characteristics of the proposed solution approach: (1) the solutions for medium and large size instances are obtained in a shorter time than previous approaches reported in the literature, (2) the quality of the solutions are better for instances with less fragmented time patterns, and (3) the solutions yield smaller objective function values for some of the small and medium size instances.
  Authors: Kaveshgar, Narges; Huynh, Nathan N.
  Authors: Kaveshgar, Narges; Huynh, Nathan N.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4845
• Mode and Shipment Size Choice Models in the FAME Simulation Framework
  Abstract: The paper describes the estimation of two discrete choice models for analyzing freight shipment size and mode choice for the commodity flow in the U.S. The multinomial logit structure is used for the model estimation for both choices. The data used in this study were gathered through a large-scale establishment survey carried out in 2011 at the national level. The survey provided detailed information on more than 1840 individual shipments that were used to develop the highly disaggregate models. The estimated disaggregate models are implemented in an activity-based freight microsimulation framework, named FAME, and the results of simulation are compared with the publicly available freight data sets. The comparison shows a satisfactory match and validates the proposed models.
  Authors: Pourabdollahi, Zahra; Javanmardi, Mahmoud; Karimi, Behzad; Mohammadian, Abolfazl; Kawamura, Kazuya
  Authors: Pourabdollahi, Zahra; Javanmardi, Mahmoud; Karimi, Behzad; Mohammadian, Abolfazl; Kawamura, Kazuya
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-4914
• Vehicle Routing Problem: Simultaneous Deliveries and Pickups with Split Loads and Time Windows
  Abstract: The Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Deliveries and Pickups (VRPSDP) has attracted great interest in research due to its potential cost savings to transportation and logistics operators. There exist several extensions of VRPSDP, and among these extensions, Simultaneous Deliveries and Pickups with Split Loads Problem (SDPSLP) is particularly proposed for eliminating the vehicle capacity constraint, as well as allowing the deliveries or the pickups for each customer to be split into multiple visits. Although delivery and pickup activities are often constrained by time windows, few studies considered such constraints when addressing SDPSLP. To fill the gap, this paper formulates the Vehicle Routing Problem of Simultaneous Deliveries and Pickups with Split Loads and Time Windows (VRPSDPSLTW) as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem. A hybrid heuristic algorithm is developed to solve this problem. Solomon datasets are applied with minor modifications to test the effectiveness of the solution algorithm. The computational experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to other solution approaches for VRPSDPSLTW in terms of the total travel cost, number of vehicles, and loading rate. The proposed formulation and solution algorithm for the VRPSDPSLTW problem may serve as a general analytical tool for optimizing vehicle routing in practice.
  Authors: Wang, Yong; Ma, Xiaolei; Lao, Yunteng; Wang, Yinhai; Mao, Haijun
  Authors: Wang, Yong; Ma, Xiaolei; Lao, Yunteng; Wang, Yinhai; Mao, Haijun
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-5014
• Evaluating Location and Tracking Systems for Security Improvement of Transshipment Processes at Container Terminals
  Abstract: To support regulators and strengthen supply chain security, terminal operators are looking for suitable location and tracking systems to improve operational efficiency and security standards. However, the decision of system investment is a challenging task because decision makers not only have to evaluate different kinds of partially contradictory and complex demands and criteria, but also need to consider the strategies and resources of their organizations. To overcome the difficulties of choosing the right solution for container transshipment operations, this study proposes the influence diagram model for the evaluation of location and tracking systems at container terminals. The proposed model not only takes into account the objectives of implementation costs, time savings, and security standards, but also considers the risk attitude of decision maker, decision planning horizon, and uncertain variables affecting the system implementation. This influence diagram model is further transformed into a model of Bayesian networks for efficient probabilistic inferences. To demonstrate how the proposed decision model works, a case study of the Port of Yokohama was also investigated. A combination of location and tracking solutions including active electronic seal (e-seal) system, RFID truck control system, and differential global positioning system are considered as the decision alternatives. Findings of case study suggest the investment of e-seals system, which can provide competitive advantages of time efficiency and security improvement for the Port of Yokohama.
  Authors: Shen, Chien-wen
  Authors: Shen, Chien-wen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 408
  Paper Number: 13-5012
• Disaggregate Tour-Based Truck Model with Simulation of Shipment Allocation to Trucks
  Abstract: Recent advances in freight and commercial vehicle modeling have tended to focus on either tour-based truck models or on logistics supply chain models, but relatively little progress has been made on combining the two paradigms into an integrated model framework that models both shipments and truck movements in a disaggregate manner, such that the amount of travel and the travel patterns of local freight truck movement is responsive to changes such as the amount of production and consumption of commodities in a region. This paper describes a tour-based truck model for urban commercial vehicle movement that is part of such a complete framework, developed by the authors and demonstrated in the Chicago metropolitan region.The tour-based truck model’s demand for truck trips derives from a microsimulation of individual shipments, the businesses that ship and receive the shipments, and the distribution centers through which the shipments are moved. The model links shipments coming through distribution centers with the vehicles that will deliver them. The model is comprised of a sequence of discrete choice models and clustering and sequencing models to build vehicle tours. The discrete choice models were estimated using the Texas commercial vehicle survey and then applied in Chicago. The paper presents the specifications of the models that comprise the tour-based truck model and discusses their reasonableness with respect to observed truck movements from the Texas commercial vehicle survey.
  Authors: Smith, Colin; Chen, Jason; Sana, Bhargava; Outwater, Maren L.
  Authors: Smith, Colin; Chen, Jason; Sana, Bhargava; Outwater, Maren L.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-5158
• Cruise Line Revenue Management at Disney World
  Abstract: Cruise line revenue management concerns the operation of cruise lines, where the market demand is typically differentiated according to view requirements, bedding requirements, room locations and amenities. The essence of cruise line revenue management is to allocate adequate capacity among the categories of demand in order to maximize the revenue potential. There are multiple side constraints, including law enforcements such as capacity limit of life boats and child counselors, as well as business rule such as price dilution. The model we developed in this paper also considers potential expenses onboard by different demand. Numerical test is conducted based on production data. The result indicates that the solutions obtained through our model is valid and shows a significant annual revenue increase as compared with current practice.
  Authors: Li, Yihua; Miao, Qing; Wang, Bruce
  Authors: Li, Yihua; Miao, Qing; Wang, Bruce
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-5116
• Tabu Search Heuristics for Inventory Routing Problem with Route Duration Limits and Stochastic Inventory Capacity Constraints
  Abstract: This paper studies the inventory management and routing problem in a two-level supply chain where a single plant serves a set of warehouses, which in turn serve a set of customers with stochastic demands. A set partitioning based probabilistic chance constrained nonlinear integer programming formulation is provided for the combined continuous inventory control and multi-depot vehicle routing problem while accounting for probability of inventory capacity violation, order quantity capacity, service levels, vehicle capacity restrictions and route duration limits. Two tabu search heuristics, differing in the way initial solutions are generated, are applied to solve the problem. Computational tests on standard tests networks reveal that integrating the inventory management and routing decisions by solving the combined inventory management and routing problem may yield cost savings of up to 14% over the sequential approach where both problems are solved separately. The best objective function value obtained by the tabu search heuristic was found to increase with increase in customer demand variance but decrease with increase in order quantity capacity and route duration limit. The safety stock levels, the reorder points and total holding costs were found to increase with increase in customer demand variance. The available inventory capacity was found to decrease with increase in customer demand variance. The total ordering costs in the best solution increases with the decrease of the order quantity capacity, whereas the total holding costs decreases with the decrease of the order quantity capacity. The routing costs increases with the decrease of route duration limit.
  Authors: Karoonsoontawong, Ampol; Unnikrishnan, Avinash
  Authors: Karoonsoontawong, Ampol; Unnikrishnan, Avinash
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1175
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Measuring a Port’s Performance Using Economic Value of Commodities
  Abstract: The marine transportation system plays a significant role in the United States and other countries’ economies. Ports play a vital role in this system by serving as gateways to economic activities. Depending on their cargo, some ports are considered as primarily container ports, bulk cargo ports, or a combination of cargoes. In the US all of these types of ports compete for federal, state, local and private resources. The heterogeneity of cargo, however, makes port performance comparison difficult. Conventionally, tonnage or tons per mile statistics are used in port evaluations. These indicators, however, do not reflect the monetary value ports helps create or the economic significance of their service. To capture the heterogeneity of cargo and the economic role of ports, we propose using the value of commodities as a port performance measure. In fact, container ports already collect this data, but bulk ports typically do not. In this paper we use the Port of Duluth-Superior as a case study and illustrate that a bulk port’s cargo value can be assessed as well. Further, we propose estimating the total real value of a port’s cargo, as opposed to nominal value. We also estimate the average real dollar value per ton moved, which ports can use for value of service pricing. Both indicators, the total real value of cargo and the average real value per ton, can be used for relative ports performance comparisons. To assess a given port’s performance over time, we developed a third indicator - the real value index of a port. The proposed port performance measures are constructed on an annual basis, are port-specific and use publicly available data. The methodology used in the project can be potentially replicated for all US ports.
  Authors: Simkins, Zamira; Stewart, Richard D.
  Authors: Simkins, Zamira; Stewart, Richard D.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1395
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Global Emissions of Marine Black Carbon: Critical Review and Revised Assessment
  Abstract: Black carbon (BC) emissions from international shipping are significant and contribute to global and regional climate change, particularly in the Arctic. This paper reviews global estimates of international marine BC emissions, identifies differences in inventory methods, and proposes an approach for improving upon existing estimates. A critical review of the literature reveals that more refined, specific marine vessel BC emission factors (EFBC) are not generally accounted for in most global inventories. We find that EFBC are the single most important source of differences in inventories due to poor sensitivity to ship engine type, fuel quality, and engine load, and we propose a weighting framework that better encapsulates such effects. Using fuel consumption estimates from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) 2009 GHG report and updated EFBC, we estimate that shipping was responsible for about 184 thousand tonnes of BC in 2007. This estimate is 42 percent higher than the current IMO estimate, but comparable to recent studies informed by measured EFBC. We estimate that shipping contributed about 2,300 tonnes of BC in the Arctic in 2004, which is 90% higher than prevailing estimates. Our findings suggest that the international marine BC contribution is widely underestimated, and that improvements to major BC inventories can be made to reflect state-of-the-art data on marine EFBC.
  Authors: Wang, Haifeng; Minjares, Ray
  Authors: Wang, Haifeng; Minjares, Ray
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-1503
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Systematic Network Design for Liner Shipping Services
  Abstract: This paper addresses a systematic design of liner shipping network. Many practical features in real-world operations are considered, which include multi-type containers, container transshipment operations, empty container repositioning, origin-to-destination transit time constraint, consistent services with the current network, and joint services with other liner shipping companies. Given a set of candidate ship routes, some of these routes must be used while the others are optional for use. Hence, a mixed-integer linear programming model is first proposed for the selection of the optional ship routes. Solving this model also gives the laden and empty container flow on the selected ship routes. Based on the results of this model, some techniques are proposed to refine the ship routes, by changing existing ship routes, designing new ship routes, and removing some ship routes. Finally, a large scale numerical test is performed, based on the global shipping network of a liner shipping company, consisting of 166 ports.
  Authors: Wang, Shuaian; Liu, Zhiyuan; Meng, Qiang
  Authors: Wang, Shuaian; Liu, Zhiyuan; Meng, Qiang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1886
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Marine Highway Transport of Toxic Inhalation Hazard Materials
  Abstract: This paper presents highlights of research conducted under Phase 2 of NCFRP 17 North American Marine Highways in order to investigate the possibility of transporting greater volumes of chlorine and anhydrous ammonia via the marine highway system. Currently, there is no coastwise and limited inland waterway activity related to either. The researchers identified the major obstacles to development and expansion and corresponding potential courses of action. Geographical dispersion of producers and consumers works against greater waterborne volumes. Both chemicals are characterized by mature, low-growth markets. Expansion of marine services will require significant capital costs and time to set up new terminals. There is great concern over the condition of the current system of locks and dams. Marine carriers, absent any action by the federal government, face the same economic ramifications from risk of catastrophic accidents faced by rail carriers, necessitating the establishment of a new risk paradigm. The federal government could provide initial funds and expedite the permitting process to allow new marine highway ventures to develop more rapidly. It could also identify and assist potential new import points for both chemicals into the U.S. Finally, the federal government must indicate its commitment to maintain the current inland waterway system. However, there are no measures that can overcome the geographical dispersion of producers and users, the lack of density in any given corridor, and the fact that the markets are mature. Therefore, significant expansion of TIH materials transportation via marine highways is not anticipated.
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie; Kruse, Carl James; Olson, Leslie; Hutson, Nathan; Donelan, Mike
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie; Kruse, Carl James; Olson, Leslie; Hutson, Nathan; Donelan, Mike
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-2205
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• An Analysis of Factors Contributing as Selection Criteria for Users of European Container Terminals
  Abstract: This paper examines the selection criteria for container shipping lines when choosing European container terminals. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors that are crucial for shipping lines when choosing European container terminals. Data has been collected via a questionnaire given to shipping lines calling at the Port of Rotterdam, the Port of Antwerp, and the Port of Hamburg, which are the main container hubs in Europe (measured by the number of TEUs handled annually). Descriptive statistics reveal that loading/discharging rate, handling charges, and service quality are the main attributes that influence port selection. The least important selection factors are personal contacts, investments by shipping lines, and value-added activities. The analysis also shows that hinterland connections are more important than value-added activities. This suggests that ports should focus more on developing good hinterland connections than on providing value-added activities. Factor analysis of the aggregate data is used to determine whether the 13 attributes could be partitioned into fewer, more meaningful factors. According to the results, 12 variables are loaded into two factors, which also seem to contain distinct elements: Factor 1 contains “Ports attributes” and Factor 2 contains the variables related to “Formal and informal relationships between ports and shipping lines.” This study will be useful for port authorities and terminal operators wishing to improve the efficiency and productivity of their port according to the requirements of their customers (that is, shipping lines).
  Authors: Saeed, Naima; Aaby, Bernt Christoffer
  Authors: Saeed, Naima; Aaby, Bernt Christoffer
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: AW010
  Paper Number: 13-2561
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Joint Model of Freight Mode and Shipment Size Choice
  Abstract: Mode and shipment size choice are among the most critical logistics decisions that despite their strong correlations are typically studied separately in freight demand studies. This paper employs an innovative copula-based framework to model freight mode and shipment size choice simultaneously as a joint decision-making problem. A copula-based joint MNL-MNL model is employed in which both mode choice and shipment size are modeled as discrete choices using multinomial logit structure. The intention of proposed copula-based model is to capture the potential effects of observed and unobserved factors that jointly affect both choices. The data used in this study were gathered through a large-scale establishment survey conducted in 2011 in the U.S.A. The survey provided detailed information on more than 1840 individual shipments that were used to develop the disaggregate models. Results of estimated model underline the importance of inter-relationship between freight mode choice and shipment size and suggest that there are common influential unobserved factors that affect mode and shipment size choices. The model provides the ability to better capture the effects of observed and unobserved factors that affect both choices simultaneously.
  Authors: Pourabdollahi, Zahra; Karimi, Behzad; Mohammadian, Abolfazl
  Authors: Pourabdollahi, Zahra; Karimi, Behzad; Mohammadian, Abolfazl
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-3238
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Location Optimization of Multiple Distribution Centers Based on Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm
  Abstract: Locating distribution centers optimally is a crucial and systematic task for logistics operators and decision makers. Optimally located distribution centers can significantly improve the logistics system’s efficiency and reduce its operational cost. However, it is not an easy task to optimize distribution center locations and previous studies focused primarily on location optimization of a single distribution center. With the growing logistics demands, multiple distribution centers become necessary to meet customers’ requirements, but few studies have tackled the Multiple Distribution Center Locations (MDCL) problems. This paper presents a comprehensive algorithm to address the MDCL problem. Fuzzy integration and clustering approach using the Improved Axiomatic Fuzzy Set (AFS) theory is developed for location clustering based on multiple hierarchical evaluation criteria. Then, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied for evaluating and selecting the best candidate for each cluster. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to assess the influence of each criterion in the location planning decision procedure. Results from a case study in Guiyang, China, reveals that the approach developed in this study outperforms other similar algorithms for multiple distribution center location selections. This new method may easily be extended to address location planning of other types of facilities, including hospitals, fire stations, and schools.
  Authors: Wang, Yong; Ma, Xiaolei; Lao, Yunteng; Li, Zhibin; Wang, Yinhai; Mao, Haijun
  Authors: Wang, Yong; Ma, Xiaolei; Lao, Yunteng; Li, Zhibin; Wang, Yinhai; Mao, Haijun
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-3246
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Using Theory of Constraints to Analyze Bottlenecks in the Freight Transportation System: Case of the Center-North Corridor in Brazil
  Abstract: Looking at the logistics chain in Brazil, it is easy to find several problems that need to be solved in order to obtain maximum efficiency in moving goods around the national territory, especially because in such country the commodities exportation is one of the most important elements of the country’s economy. In this context, the problem this paper aims at studying is: how can the bottlenecks in the logistics chain of freight transportation be analyzed in order to deliver efficient freight transportation in a given region? Considering these aspects, this study seeks to develop a methodology for analyzing the logistics bottlenecks in order to promote improvements in the logistics chain of freight transportation in Brazil. This methodology was developed using the concepts of the Theory of Constraints, which has been created by Eliyahu Goldratt when he became interested in problems regarding logistics of production. The methodology was applied to the case of the Center-North Corridor in Brazil in order to be validated.
  Authors: Almeida, Cristiano Farias; Penaforte, Mariana Figueiredo; Yamashita, Yaeko
  Authors: Almeida, Cristiano Farias; Penaforte, Mariana Figueiredo; Yamashita, Yaeko
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-0562
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Cost-Effective Dredging in Mobile Bay: Possibilities for Sustainable Dredged Material Management
  Abstract: This paper describes a study performed at the University of South Alabama to determine the cost-effective method of dredging in Mobile Bay and to explore the possibility of utilizing the dredged materials in an environmentally sustainable way. Historical cost and working time data for hopper dredging and pipeline dredging for Mobile Bay in Alabama from 1991 to present were obtained from the Mobile District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. For comparison, dredging data for Bayou Casotte in Mississippi were also obtained. An analysis of data showed that there was no significant difference in unit costs for pipeline and hopper dredging in Mobile Bay. However, further analysis showed that pipeline dredging was able to output more dredged material daily than hopper dredging. The disposal methods of dredging operations were taken into consideration while interpreting the results. Although the cost was similar, the extended distance that a hopper dredge has to travel to dispose of dredged sediment seems to make pipeline dredging more desirable for Mobile Bay and its channel maintenance needs. Moreover, if future shoreline restoration projects are initiated, pipeline dredging is expected to become the more desirable maintenance dredging method to keep up with the demand for material for shoreline re-nourishment activities. In addition to shoreline re-nourishment, the paper discusses several other possibilities of sustainable utilization of dredged materials, including using desalinated dredged sediments on agricultural lands in Alabama and elsewhere.
  Authors: Islam, Samantha; Parks, Jacqueline
  Authors: Islam, Samantha; Parks, Jacqueline
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-1532
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• PathWorld: New Software Approach to Vehicle Routing on Large Networks
  Abstract: The Shortest Path Problem (SPP) is a set of classic logistics problems whose main objective is to minimize total cost between origin and destination on a network or fulfill the demand of each customer on a tour while satisfying additional requirements. To this end, a wide variety of software and algorithms have been developed and applied to solve this problem. Examples range from everyday usage in Google Maps and vehicle GPS to more detailed professionally-oriented which provide users more robust functions for scheduling delivery tours and related tasks. This paper introduces a set of new variations on the SPP in a software package tentatively entitled PathWorld which is developed in Matlab environment and the software mainly deals with the shortest path problem on large data sets by applying a binary tree spanning algorithm (BTSM) to find basic route recommendations. This process was linked with a Graphical User Interface to illustrate the route recommendation on the scale of the entire North American Continent. The paper begins with an overview on the algorithms devoted to the shortest path problem and some commercialized software that incorporate these algorithms. The paper continues with a review of the main algorithm (BTSM) used in the PathWorld software for solving basic shortest path problems. Finally, the paper provides an overview of the functionalities of PathWorld, its architecture, and the main techniques for the GUI as a means to introduce a new perspective on creation of specialized logistics software. The paper concludes with a discussion on future development.
  Authors: Wang, Qifeng; Lindquist, Peter S,.; Eloff, Jeffrey J.
  Authors: Wang, Qifeng; Lindquist, Peter S,.; Eloff, Jeffrey J.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1728
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• How to Estimate Cruise Demand for New Port of Call Destination
  Abstract: Over the recent years, the cruise industry has experienced significant growth, becoming one of the most dynamic segments in the transportation and tourism sector. Research on the cruise industry is mainly market oriented, focusing on operations and revenue optimization management, while ports are mainly addressed in the context of the revenues generated by a cruise ship visit. Nevertheless, recent trends are in favor of new and diversified itineraries and, thus, several unvisited ports are seeking opportunities to penetrate the cruise market and become new destinations. In light of the above, the paper proposes a methodology for estimating the number of cruise ship visits that could potentially be attracted to a port, aiming at becoming a destination to existing cruise line connections within the wider geographical area served. The proposed methodological framework estimates the “cruise attractiveness index”, as a measure of the cruise port’s attractiveness in becoming a port of call, and subsequently identifies three alternative scenarios, under which the specific port could be integrated in the cruise line network. The end result is an estimate of the future cruise demand for the port of interest. An application is carried out for the Adriatic-Ionian seas of the Mediterranean region, one of the major cruise destinations in the world. The proposed methodology could be a valuable decision-making tool for both the cruise industry in terms of expanding its destinations, as well as for port authorities and other local agents aiming at attracting tourism capital.
  Authors: Tsamboulas, Dimitrios A.; Moraiti, Panayota; Koulopoulou, Giorgia
  Authors: Tsamboulas, Dimitrios A.; Moraiti, Panayota; Koulopoulou, Giorgia
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2013
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Incorporating Urban Area Truck Freight Value into Texas A&M Transportation Institute’s Urban Mobility Report
  Abstract: For nearly 30 years, the Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) has developed methodologies and appropriate performance measures for estimating congestion performance and communicating them to technical and non-technical audiences. Historically, TTI’s Urban Mobility Report (UMR) has focused on passenger-car congestion (i.e., the average commuter). However, roadway traffic congestion certainly impacts both commuters and goods movement. With the documented growth of freight shipments and value, particularly in trucking, researchers developed and applied a methodology to include urban area truck freight commodity value that is impacted by congestion into the UMR. The methodology uses data from Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA’s) Freight Analysis Framework (FAF) and Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS). Commodity values supplied by FAF are integrated with truck vehicle-miles of travel (VMT) calculated from the HPMS roadway inventory.Researchers estimated that $7 trillion worth of commodities was trucked on America’s urban streets and highways during 2020. At the urban area level, the results of the truck value measure appear intuitive as bigger cities consume more goods, which mean a higher value of freight movement. The addition of truck value to the UMR provides another dimension to inform policy-makers and decision-makers about the congestion problem. It also serves to inform trucking stakeholders by estimating the amount of truck value that is impacted by congestion. Researchers will continue to include the truck freight value performance measure in subsequent releases of the UMR.
  Authors: Eisele, William L.; Schrank, David Lynn; Bittner, Jason J.; Larson, Gregory
  Authors: Eisele, William L.; Schrank, David Lynn; Bittner, Jason J.; Larson, Gregory
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1237
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Modeling Carrier Truckload Freight Rates in Spot Markets
  Abstract: Most transportation research has focused on the cost determinants of long-term motor carrier contracts for specific lanes. However, with the emergence of third-party logistics (3PL) providers in the U.S. following deregulation in the 1980s, a significant amount of capacity for shipments is secured via spot market transactions as opposed to contracts. Carrier rates for shipments with even the same origin and destination can vary widely from transaction to transaction in this scenario. This research investigates the factors behind this occurrence and identifies the major determinants of carrier costs in spot market transactions at both an individual shipment level and at a more aggregate lane level. Additionally, it also explores a tactical planning scenario in which a 3PL provider addresses chronic fiscal underperformance on certain lanes. The research has found that factors such as distance, characteristics of the shipping lane and the required truck type are among the most important determinants of motor carrier rates at both the individual shipment and the lane level. Also, seasonality and overall market conditions play a major role in determining rates for truckload shipments. The study then goes on to show that the results of the cost determinant analysis may be used to set better baseline prices on underperforming lanes.
  Authors: Lindsey, Christopher; Frei, Andreas; Ali Babai, Hamed; Mahmassani, Hani S.; Park, Young-Woong; Klabjan, Diego; Reed, Michael; Langheim, Gregory; Keating, Todd
  Authors: Lindsey, Christopher; Frei, Andreas; Ali Babai, Hamed; Mahmassani, Hani S.; Park, Young-Woong; Klabjan, Diego; Reed, Michael; Langheim, Gregory; Keating, Todd
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-4109
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Building Tomorrow’s Clean Freight System: The Potential Zero Emission Freight Corridor System In Southern California
  Abstract: The Southern California Association of Government’s (SCAG)’s 2012 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) includes a “Regional Clean Freight Corridor System” as a regional highway strategy. This Clean Freight Corridor is a proposed system of dedicated truck facilities extending from the San Pedro Bay Ports to downtown Los Angeles along I-710, connecting to an east-west segment, and finally reaching I-15 in San Bernardino County. Concepts and operational details for this system have been evolving over the last decade, and the initial operating segment (I-710) is now in the environmental review stage. Current plans for this system will provide a platform for the introduction and adoption of zero- and/or near-zero emission technologies – including electrified trucks. This paper focuses on planning analysis part of this clean freight corridor – the portion that would connect I-710 in the west of the SCAG region, and I-15 in the east of the region- henceforth known as the “East West Freight Corridor (EWFC)”. It summarizes the analytical and stakeholder outreach work completed since 2008 to advance the EWFC concept, including: a better understanding of markets served by the EWFC, the identification of non-freeway alignments that could help mitigate community impacts and create synergies with other public works projects, a better understanding of truck movement in the region and traffic impacts from an EWFC, and development of a plan for how the corridor could be used to help introduce new clean truck technologies to the region. Finally, it describes the process by which potential alignments for the EWFC were identified, screened, and analyzed, and summarizes the potential benefits of the current preferred corridor alignment.
  Authors: Hartshorn, Sophie; Nam, Annie; Fischer, Michael J.
  Authors: Hartshorn, Sophie; Nam, Annie; Fischer, Michael J.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-4589
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Incorporating Local Truck Performance Characteristics into the Calibration of Microsimulation Models
  Abstract: Traffic microsimulation models incorporate default vehicle performance characteristics that might not be representative of local conditions. In spite of this, many users do not perform a rigorous calibration of the model parameters and even when this is done, the vehicle performance parameters are generally omitted. Where significant differences exist between the default vehicle performance characteristics and those of the local traffic, results of the microsimulation analyses can be misleading. For example, the default acceleration and deceleration curves for simulating truck movements in VISSIM, a widely used traffic microsimulation model, are based on data from Western Europe that might not be directly applicable to the U.S. truck fleet.This paper proposes an approach for incorporating the unique operating characteristics of the local truck fleet into the calibration process of microsimulation models. In particular, the desired acceleration and deceleration functions for trucks are treated as unknowns that must be estimated as part of the model calibration process as opposed to using their default values. It is expected that such explicit consideration of local truck characteristics will lead to more reliable microsimulation results. The applicability and potential usefulness of the procedure was demonstrated through a case study using VISSIM. The results indicated that calibrating the acceleration and deceleration function in addition to the driver behavior parameters reduced the average discrepancy between observed and simulated speeds by 42.5%. The methodology may be of potential interest to many transportation agencies as it is based on data that are often readily available.
  Authors: Appiah, Justice; Naik, Bhaven; Rilett, Laurence Russell; Sorensen, Scott
  Authors: Appiah, Justice; Naik, Bhaven; Rilett, Laurence Russell; Sorensen, Scott
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-4645
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Relationship of Walk Access Distance to Rapid Rail Transit Stations with Personal Characteristics and Station Context: Case Study
  Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between walk access distance to rapid rail transit (RRT) stations and various attributes of RRT users and trip-specific and station context in the city of Nanjing, China. We base our analysis on 1544 user surveys, conducted at 16 stations along Nanjing RRT Line 1 during the morning peak period (7-9 a.m.) and afternoon peak period (5-7 p.m.) over a 7-day period. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is applied to estimate the relationship between walk access distances and aggregate personal and travel and station characteristics, and to measure the relative significance of individual variables. Prior to the model identification, a formulation relationship was hypothesized. The results suggest that passengers walk farther to RRT stations when the station context has certain features (terminal function, elevated type, and/or located farther from the city center). Dummy variables for age group and household income are significant but play a relatively minor role in defining RRT walk access distance. Travel characteristics, individually, have a weak relationship to walk access distance to RRT stations in Nanjing. A quantifiable basis for developing design guidelines for pedestrian access to RRT stations is provided for planners based on the observation and regression results. The statistics indicate the possibility of further promoting the walk mode by providing improved pedestrian facilities in the area around RRT stations, with flexible programs to construct pedestrian friendly-environment for rail station regarding its function, type and location.
  Authors: Zhao, Jinbao; Deng, Wei; Song, Yan; Zhu, Yueran
  Authors: Zhao, Jinbao; Deng, Wei; Song, Yan; Zhu, Yueran
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-0471
• The Width Calculation Method of Island Platform with Screen Doors at Metro Station
  Abstract: In recent years, for safety and energy reasons, most metro stations in China have installed platform screen doors (PSD), which completely changes the waiting behavior of passengers. Passengers unevenly gathered in front of the screen doors instead of distributing evenly on platform. The traditional method of platform design does not consider this change of waiting behavior after the introduction of PSD, and the result has a large gap with the actual demand, which increases the safety risk in the subsequent operation and management. Due to the installation of PSD, this paper proposed a new calculation method of island platform width based on the behavior of passengers. Firstly, this paper analyzed the behavior change after the installation of PSD, and then by means of video identification and field observations, proposed the transformation process and size calculation method of main functional areas, including waiting area and circulating area during the whole process composed of waiting, alighting and boarding, and dissipating. Subsequently, based on the objective of safely waiting and smoothly circulating, and the premise of different functional areas independent and not overlapping, this paper put forward with the calculation method of platform width, which is closely related to the length of waiting area and the width of circulating area. Finally, this paper compared the calculation result with the one of traditional method, clarified the shortcomings of traditional method, and further illustrated the new method is tailored to suit the behavior characteristics of passengers, which was in keeping with platform operational feature of China and provides guidance for platform design.
  Authors: Ma, Shan; Wu, Jiaorong
  Authors: Ma, Shan; Wu, Jiaorong
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-2405
• Phase-Type Distribution Fitting of Passenger Flow Arrival Interval on Urban Railway Transit Stations
  Abstract: The urban railway transit station is essentially a kind of stochastic service system and the passenger flow arrival interval distribution with accurate description of strong randomness is the important basis of elaborate system planning, design and flexible operation management. The existing fitting distribution researches were unable to satisfy the demand for the station stochastic service system¡¯s modelling analysis as well as microcosmic simulation¡¯s demand for accuracy, universality and analyticity. Though phase-type distribution (PH) had been theoretically verified of good analyticity and universality, it requires to determining over much parameters in practical application. Therefore, it still needs further exploration whether the PH can be applied to represent the passenger flow arrival interval distribution on urban railway transit stations. In this paper, seven common distributions and hyper-Erlang distribution (HErD) which is a dense subset of PH were applied to fit the passenger flow arrival interval distribution of entrance and platform on subway stations. The comparison result indicated that HErD fitting achieves the highest accuracy. On this basis, the fitting parameters of HErD were analysed, finding that this distribution requires to determining two parameters, and only related with variation coefficient, possessing good practicability. Finally, this paper put forward a practical method to determine the parameters of HErD through the easy-captured peak passenger flow volume and super-peak coefficient. This research provides a new selectable PH fitting distribution for passenger flow arrival interval distribution on urban railway transit stations.
  Authors: Jiang, Yangsheng; Hu, Lu; Zhu, Juanxiu; Chen, Yanru
  Authors: Jiang, Yangsheng; Hu, Lu; Zhu, Juanxiu; Chen, Yanru
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-2491
• Rail Transit Dwell Time Modeling and Delay Simulation in Variant Passenger Flow
  Abstract: Rail transit train dwell time, which is one of the crucial factors of train delay, is affected by variance of passenger flow in different stations. Train dwell delay and passenger flow variation is affected by each other. Long train dwell delay in station may cause passenger delay and propagation over the whole line, it needs to take a long time to restore from disturbances. A train dwell delay model, which has considered the process and the variant number of waiting, alighting and boarding passengers is proposed in this paper. By using the time-driven simulation, the influences of train and passenger delay are calculated. Finally numerical examples and computational results are presented. The results reveal that passenger flow variation and train delay are two mutual influence processes. The increase of passenger flow may extend train dwell time and affect train delay in the line. In corresponding, the growth of train delay will increase the number of assembling passengers in station as well.
  Authors: Feng, Li
  Authors: Feng, Li
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-2537
• Rail Transit-Based Planning and Design of Park-and-Ride Facilities in Beijing
  Abstract: This paper introduces planning and design of park-and-ride (P&R) facilities in Beijing, China. The procedure of locating new P&R facility contains two main steps. The first step is the selection of P&R candidate for rail transit network. The second step is to evaluate new P&R facility and determine specific location for the proposed P&R facilities. In the first step, new P&R facilities are expected to meet requirement of availability of land that can be used for construction of P&R facility within 500 meters from rail transit station. In the second step, potential analysis is conducted to make further evaluation on new P&R candidate and determine proper sites and design profile for the proposed P&R. Some factors such as population density, annual household income, accessibility of P&R facilities, distance to downtown, as well as savings of travel time will have great impact on P&R demand. These factors are also discussed in this study. The objective of this study is to help municipal government determine the location and magnitude in size of P&R facilities along the rail transit lines to minimize auto travel and encourage use of public transit. For this reason Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Scoring Method (ESM) are employed to determine the final rank of P&R candidate. Keywords: Park-and-Ride facilities, Location configuration design, Planning
  Authors: Yajing, He; Yang, Xiao Kuan; Yue, Chen Xin
  Authors: Yajing, He; Yang, Xiao Kuan; Yue, Chen Xin
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-2493
• Crowding in Metro Stations: Passenger Flow Analysis and Simulation
  Abstract: The public mass rail transit industry is growing at an unbelievable speed in many large cities in Asia. How to provide a safety and comfortable travelling environment for passengers is attracting more and more attentions from the rail industry practitioners as well as the researchers. However, to have a detailed analysis of the passenger flow and assess the crowdedness level in a metro station is still a great challenge because of the complexity of the passenger behaviors and the difficulty to collect enough passenger flow data. This paper presents a simulation approach for detailed analysis of passenger flows and assessing the crowdedness level of metro stations based on field surveys. The passenger flow data, including the characteristics of passengers, the flow rate at peak hours as well as the passenger behaviors inside the stations are collected by field surveys. The passenger flow pattern of a station can be identified and represented as a network structure based on the survey results. An agent-based pedestrian flow simulation model is used for the assessment of the crowdedness level of the existing and newly proposed layout of stations. Besides the pedestrian movement behaviors and passenger behaviors such as queuing up at a facility or waiting at the waiting area are also considered in the model. The simulation results can be used for extracting data on station crowdedness level indicators such as the density distributions which are helpful for assessing the passenger flow situations in a metro station.
  Authors: Liu, Shaobo; Lo, S. M.; Wang, Weili; Ma, Jian; Yuen, J. K. K.
  Authors: Liu, Shaobo; Lo, S. M.; Wang, Weili; Ma, Jian; Yuen, J. K. K.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-3357
• Truck-to-Door Assignment at Cross-Dock Facility with Controllable Handling Times
  Abstract: This paper studies the inbound truck-to-door assignment problem at a cross-dock facility with controllable truck handling times. In particular, the handling time of a truck is discretely defined by the number of workers (or material handling equipment) assigned to a door. The cross-dock operator aims at minimizing the total labor cost by determining the number of workers allocated at each door as well as the truck-to-door assignment. We first discuss a branch-and-price method for the problem of interest. Then, two evolutionary heuristic methods are discussed. Numerical studies are conducted to compare the branch-and-price method to the evolutionary heuristics.
  Authors: Konur, Dincer; Golias, Mihalis M.
  Authors: Konur, Dincer; Golias, Mihalis M.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Railroads; Terminals and Facilities; Rail; Freight Transportation
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-0883
• U.S. Transition to Motor Carrier-Supplied Marine Chassis: Operational Impacts on and off Terminal
  Abstract: Ocean Carriers serving the United States have traditionally provided chassis to move their containers to and from customers. Because of the high cost of providing chassis and the increasing government concerns over the safety and roadability, ocean carriers have provided notice to their customers that they will no longer provide chassis in the U.S. While change in the short term is difficult, a change in ownership may improve safety, supply chain productivity and equipment utilization among other operating variables. This paper analyzes how intermodal performance, inside and outside the terminal gates, might change as ownership and management of the chassis fleet changes. Keywords: chassis, chassis supply, intermodal freight, intermodal terminals, intermodal operations, intermodal terminal design, terminal technology, terminal design
  Authors: Zumerchik, John
  Authors: Zumerchik, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Railroads; Terminals and Facilities; Rail; Freight Transportation
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-4625
• Storage Space Allocation at Marine Container Terminals Using Ant-Based Control
  Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach for allocating containers to storage blocks in a marine container terminal. We modeled the container terminal as a network of gate, yard blocks and berths on which export and import containers are considered as bi-directional traffic. For both export and import containers, the yard blocks are the intermediate storage points between gates (landside) and berths (waterside). Our model determines the route for each individual container (i.e. assign the container to a block to be stored) based on two competing objectives 1) balance the workload among yard blocks, and 2) minimize the distance traveled by internal trucks between yard blocks and berths. The model utilized an ant-based control method. It exploits the trail laying behavior of ant colonies where ants deposit pheromones as a function of 1) traveled distance and 2) yard crane workload severity at the blocks. The route of a container (i.e. selection of a yard block) is based on the pheromone distribution on the network. The results from experiments showed that the proposed approach effectively balances the workload among yard blocks and reduces the distance traveled by internal transport vehicles during vessel loading and unloading operations.
  Authors: Sharif, Omor; Huynh, Nathan N.
  Authors: Sharif, Omor; Huynh, Nathan N.
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Railroads; Terminals and Facilities; Rail; Freight Transportation
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-4679
• Agent-Based Simulation Tool for Evaluating Pooled Queue Performance at Marine Container Terminals
  Abstract: Truck queuing at marine container terminal gates is one of the main sources of delay at terminals and is an area of concern since delays increase the logistical cost of transporting a container. Idling trucks at the gates are also a source of emissions that are harmful to surrounding environments. With the growing focus on global warming and reducing greenhouse gases, increasing importance has been placed on finding alternative strategies for reducing delays at the gates. Previous studies focused on the performance of strategies such as the appointment system and extended gate hours. However, there has yet to be a study that evaluates the performance of pooling trucks into a single queue at the gates. Previous studies on pooling offer mixed opinions on whether or not it is beneficial, but none of these studies have attempted to model the movements of the entities in the queue. In a human system (no vehicles) the movements are not as important since the time to move up one space in the queue is negligible; however, due to the size and weight of the trucks at the gates, the time to move is significant and should be considered. This study used agent based simulation to model the terminal gate system with two different queuing strategies, a pooled queue and non-pooled queues, since analytical solutions are not capable of capturing vehicle movements within the queue. Using a car-following model, a realistic representation of how vehicles move within the queue is captured. The developed simulation model was used to evaluate queuing strategies under varying conditions. Results indicate that using a pooled queue yields significantly lower average queuing times and variability in queuing times.
  Authors: Fleming, Matthew; Huynh, Nathan N.; Xie, Yuanchang
  Authors: Fleming, Matthew; Huynh, Nathan N.; Xie, Yuanchang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Marine Transportation; Railroads; Terminals and Facilities; Rail; Freight Transportation
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-2936
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Truck-to-Door Assignment at Cross-Dock Facility with Controllable Handling Times
  Authors: Golias, Mihalis
  Authors: Golias, Mihalis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-0883
• Cost-Effective Dredging in Mobile Bay: Possibilities for Sustainable Dredged Material Management
  Authors: Islam, Samantha
  Authors: Islam, Samantha
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-1532
• Agent-Based Simulation Tool for Evaluating Pooled Queue Performance at Marine Container Terminals
  Authors: Huynh, Nathan
  Authors: Huynh, Nathan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-2936
• Evaluation of Gate Strategies at Marine Container Terminals
  Authors: Golias, Mihalis
  Authors: Golias, Mihalis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-2961
• Evaluation of Gate Strategies at Marine Container Terminals
  Authors: Boile, Maria
  Authors: Boile, Maria
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-2961
• Using Structural Equations Modeling to Analyze User Satisfaction in Intermodal Transfer Facilities in Lisbon, Portugal
  Authors: de Abreu e Silva, João
  Authors: de Abreu e Silva, João
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 389
  Paper Number: 13-3655
• Users' Experience and Evaluation of New Southern Masha'er Metro Line in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
  Authors: Alshalalfah, Baha
  Authors: Alshalalfah, Baha
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 389
  Paper Number: 13-2510
• Marine Highway Transport of Toxic Inhalation Hazard Materials
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Environment; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 217
  Paper Number: 13-2205
• Evaluation of Community Café's Utility for Public Transportation Use in a Local Community in Japan
  Authors: Kishi, Kunihiro
  Authors: Kishi, Kunihiro
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 389
  Paper Number: 13-4157
• Storage Space Allocation at Marine Container Terminals Using Ant-Based Control
  Authors: Sharif, Omor
  Authors: Sharif, Omor
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-4679
• U.S. Transition to Motor Carrier-Supplied Marine Chassis: Operational Impacts on and off Terminal
  Authors: Zumerchik, John
  Authors: Zumerchik, John
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Rail; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 677
  Paper Number: 13-4625
• Changing U.S. Petroleum Dynamics and Their Impacts on River Petroleum Traffic
  Authors: Toth, Sandor
  Authors: Toth, Sandor
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 710
  Paper Number: P13-5325
• Economic Impacts of Navigation Regulations: Recent U.S. Coast Guard Research
  Authors: Cooper, Jon
  Authors: Cooper, Jon
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 710
  Paper Number: P13-5326
• Fresh Research on Locks and Dams: The Same Old Strategy Will Yield the Same Old Results
  Authors: Steenhoek, Michael
  Authors: Steenhoek, Michael
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 710
  Paper Number: P13-5710
• Presiding Officer
  Authors: Ross, Catherine
  Authors: Ross, Catherine
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Freight Transportation; Planning and Forecasting; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 129
  Paper Number: Z13-129
• Overview of National and International Freight Transportation Planning Practices for Mega-Regions
  Authors: Giuliano, Genevieve
  Authors: Giuliano, Genevieve
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Freight Transportation; Planning and Forecasting; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 129
  Paper Number: P13-6246
• Case Study on Meeting Trucking Carriers' Performance Requirements in a Mega-Region: Lessons Learned
  Authors: Deakin, Elizabeth
  Authors: Deakin, Elizabeth
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: AICP Certification Maintenance Session; Freight Transportation; Planning and Forecasting; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 129
  Paper Number: P13-6251
• Rail Transit-Based Planning and Design of Park-and-Ride Facilities in Beijing
  Authors: Yajing, He
  Authors: Yajing, He
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-2493
• Evaluating Location and Tracking Systems for Security Improvement of Transshipment Processes at Container Terminals
  Authors: Shen, Chien-wen
  Authors: Shen, Chien-wen
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 408
  Paper Number: 13-5012
• TCRP Report 153 Overview: Guidelines for Providing Access to Public Transportation Stations
  Authors: Coffel, Kathryn
  Authors: Coffel, Kathryn
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation
  Subject: Design; Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 389
  Paper Number: P13-5722
• Geographic Energy Adaptive Potential of Farmers' Market System as Compared with Conventional Supermarket System
  Authors: Asuncion, Janice
  Authors: Asuncion, Janice
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1158
• Tabu Search Heuristics for Inventory Routing Problem with Route Duration Limits and Stochastic Inventory Capacity Constraints
  Authors: Unnikrishnan, Avinash
  Authors: Unnikrishnan, Avinash
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1175
• PathWorld: New Software Approach to Vehicle Routing on Large Networks
  Authors: Wang, Qifeng
  Authors: Wang, Qifeng
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1728
• Overview of Bunker Consumption Optimization in Shipping
  Authors: Meng, Qiang
  Authors: Meng, Qiang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1859
• Multilevel Modeling of Commercial Vehicle Interarrival Duration Using GPS Data
  Authors: Sharman, Bryce
  Authors: Sharman, Bryce
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1816
• Systematic Network Design for Liner Shipping Services
  Authors: Meng, Qiang
  Authors: Meng, Qiang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1886
• How to Estimate Cruise Demand for New Port of Call Destination
  Authors: Moraiti, Panayota
  Authors: Moraiti, Panayota
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2013
• Measuring the Direct Economic Effects of Reduced Depth from a Lack of Maintenance Dredging of Ship Channels
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie
  Authors: Protopapas, Annie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2214
• Global Intermodal Liner Shipping Network Design
  Authors: Meng, Qiang
  Authors: Meng, Qiang
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2480
• Assessing Redundancy of Freight Transportation Networks
  Authors: Jansuwan, Sarawut
  Authors: Jansuwan, Sarawut
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-2798
• Container Relocation of Import Containers in Terminal Storage Yard Under Uncertain Pickup Sequences
  Authors: Zhou, Pengfei
  Authors: Zhou, Pengfei
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-2821
• Location Optimization of Multiple Distribution Centers Based on Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm
  Authors: Wang, Yong
  Authors: Wang, Yong
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-3246
• Joint Model of Freight Mode and Shipment Size Choice
  Authors: Karimi, Behzad
  Authors: Karimi, Behzad
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-3238
• Optimization of Quay Crane Scheduling Constrained by Stability of Vessels
  Authors: Wang, Junjia
  Authors: Wang, Junjia
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4016
• Scheduling Container Vessels Under Handling and Arrival Time Uncertainty
  Authors: Portal, Isabel
  Authors: Portal, Isabel
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4098
• Analysis and Modeling of Freight Demand at Mumbai Port Using Regression and Time Series Techniques
  Authors: Sahu, Prasanta
  Authors: Sahu, Prasanta
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4426
• Building Tomorrow's Clean Freight System: The Potential Zero Emission Freight Corridor System In Southern California
  Authors: Hartshorn, Sophie
  Authors: Hartshorn, Sophie
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-4589
• Network Flow Methodology to Estimate Empty Trips in Freight Transportation Models
  Authors: Mesa-Arango, Rodrigo
  Authors: Mesa-Arango, Rodrigo
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-4684
• Vehicle Routing Problem: Simultaneous Deliveries and Pickups with Split Loads and Time Windows
  Authors: Wang, Yong
  Authors: Wang, Yong
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-5014
• Cruise Line Revenue Management at Disney World
  Authors: Miao, Qing
  Authors: Miao, Qing
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-5116
• Using Theory of Constraints to Analyze Bottlenecks in the Freight Transportation System: Case of the Center-North Corridor in Brazil
  Authors: Almeida, Cristiano
  Authors: Almeida, Cristiano
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-0562
• Dynamics Between Newbuilding Ship Price Volatility and Freight Volatility in Dry Bulk Shipping Market
  Authors: Dai, Lei
  Authors: Dai, Lei
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1288
• Mode and Shipment Size Choice Models in the FAME Simulation Framework
  Authors: Karimi, Behzad
  Authors: Karimi, Behzad
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-4914
• Measuring a Port's Performance Using Economic Value of Commodities
  Authors: Simkins, Zamira
  Authors: Simkins, Zamira
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-1395
• A Strategic Rail Network Optimization Model for Freight Transportation
  Authors: Maia, Luis
  Authors: Maia, Luis
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1177
• Incorporating Urban Area Truck Freight Value into Texas A&M Transportation Institute's Urban Mobility Report
  Authors: Eisele, William
  Authors: Eisele, William
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1237
• Risk-Based Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problem with Time Windows in Hazardous Material Transportation
  Authors: Pradhananga, Rojee
  Authors: Pradhananga, Rojee
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-1865
• Incorporating Local Truck Performance Characteristics into the Calibration of Microsimulation Models
  Authors: Appiah, Justice
  Authors: Appiah, Justice
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-4645
• Solving the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem with Time Windows
  Authors: Kaveshgar, Narges
  Authors: Kaveshgar, Narges
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Presentation; Poster
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 344
  Paper Number: 13-4845
• Network Flow Methodology to Estimate Empty Trips in Freight Transportation Models
  Abstract:

  Commodity based freight transportation models, e.g., Freight Analysis Framework (FAF), transform volume of commodities into traffic flow applying vehicle utilization factors. However, they cannot accurately capture the number of empty trips that result as a consequence of moving these commodities. Previous research has proposed a number of methodologies to incorporate empty trips as a function of loaded trips and some assumptions about the trip chains. Parameters in these models are calibrated with extensive origin-destination surveys. However, freight transportation data is usually scarce or not properly available for models. This paper presents a novel methodology to estimate the number of empty trips based on a time expanded network flow approach that captures behavioral and operational characteristics of the carriers. The model is formulated as a linear optimization problem that minimizes the system costs associated to truck trips. The model is validated with a commercial vehicle survey from Colombia. The results show that under some operational assumptions, the model appropriately represents the amount of empty vehicle-hours in a freight transportation network.

  Authors: Mesa-Arango, Rodrigo; Ukkusuri, Satish V.; Sarmiento, Ivan
  Authors: Mesa-Arango, Rodrigo; Ukkusuri, Satish V.; Sarmiento, Ivan
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Freight Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 248
  Paper Number: 13-4684
  Practice-Ready: Yes
• Put the Brakes on Crime to Accelerate Walkability: Design Parameters for Safe, Walkable City
  Abstract:

  This paper presents findings of a pilot study conducted by Curtin University Australia and EMBARQ India, with an objective of exploring safety concerns of people while accessing metro stations. Increasingly, the notion of improved walkability to increase public transport patronage has been gaining momentum. Some physical-environmental features such as providing Accessibility and Safety against crime are fundamental in contributing to walkability.This study, while exploring the safety concerns, aims to establish if built form design influences people’s perception of safety and if yes, to identify these design parameters. The paper constructs a methodology and a safe street rating system that may be applicable to other cities worldwide. Safety audit tool was developed based on CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) theory, Space Syntax theory and ‘Walkability of Indian Cities – CAI Asia’ study. Observational surveys and peoples’ perception surveys conducted around Indira Nagar metro station, Bangalore were compared for each safety criteria as set out in the audit tool establishing a strong relationship between the design of the built environment and people’s perception of safety in that environment. The paper presents the analysis and proposes a set of built form design parameters that influence people’s perception of safety while accessing metro stations.

  Authors: Tiwari, Reena
  Authors: Tiwari, Reena
  Year: 2013
  Document Type: Paper
  Subject: Passenger Transportation; Public Transportation; Terminals and Facilities
  Session: 617
  Paper Number: 13-5038